以下是我想用C代码做的事情:
#include <some_lib.h>
int main() {
some_lib_struct_t x;
some_lib_func(&x);
}
如何在Rust中使用库?这是我到目前为止所得到的:
extern crate libc; // 0.2.51
struct some_lib_struct_t;
#[link(name = "some_lib")]
extern "C" {
fn some_lib_func(x: *mut some_lib_struct_t);
}
fn main() {
let mut x: some_lib_struct_t;
unsafe {
some_lib_func(&mut x);
}
}
编译时出现错误:
error[E0381]: borrow of possibly uninitialized variable: `x`
--> src/main.rs:13:23
|
13 | some_lib_func(&mut x);
| ^^^^^^ use of possibly uninitialized `x`
答案 0 :(得分:8)
最安全的答案是自己初始化结构:
let mut x: some_lib_struct_t = some_lib_struct_t;
unsafe {
some_lib_func(&mut x);
}
与C代码最接近的模拟是使用mem::uninitialized
:
unsafe {
let mut x: some_lib_struct_t = std::mem::uninitialized();
some_lib_func(&mut x);
}
您必须确保 some_lib_func
完全初始化结构的所有成员,否则不安全将泄漏到unsafe
块之外。
说到“结构的成员”,我几乎可以保证你的代码不会做你想要的。您已将some_lib_struct_t
定义为零大小。这意味着不会为它分配任何堆栈空间,并且对它的引用将不是您的C代码所期望的。
您需要在Rust中镜像C结构的定义,以便可以分配适当的大小,填充和对齐。通常,这意味着使用repr(C)
。
很多时候,C库总是通过返回指向opaque类型的指针来避免暴露它们的内部结构表示:
答案 1 :(得分:1)
摘自mem::uninitialized()
的文档:
从1.39.0开始不推荐使用:改为使用
mem::MaybeUninit
新的解决方案如下所示:
use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
let instance = unsafe {
let mut x: MaybeUninit<some_lib_struct_t> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
some_lib_func(x.as_mut_ptr());
x.assume_init()
}
答案 2 :(得分:0)
阅读Shepmaster's answer之后,我仔细看了一下库的标题。就像他们说的那样,some_lib_struct_t
只是指向actual_lib_struct_t
的指针的typedef。我进行了以下更改:
extern crate libc;
struct actual_lib_struct_t;
type some_lib_type_t = *mut actual_lib_struct_t;
#[link(name="some_lib")]
extern {
fn some_lib_func(x: *mut some_lib_type_t);
}
fn main() {
let mut x: some_lib_type_t;
unsafe {
x = std::mem::uninitialized();
some_lib_func(&mut x);
}
}
它有效!但是,我确实收到警告found zero-size struct in foreign module, consider adding a member to this struct, #[warn(improper_ctypes)] on by default
。