我正在创建一个简单的GUI应用程序来管理学习新语言时的未知单词。我正在尝试处理窗口关闭事件。我得到了：
/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/cali/PycharmProjects/Vocabulary/Vocabulary.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/cali/PycharmProjects/Vocabulary/Vocabulary.py", line 171, in <module>
main()
File "/home/cali/PycharmProjects/Vocabulary/Vocabulary.py", line 162, in main
Vocabulary(root)
File "/home/cali/PycharmProjects/Vocabulary/vocabulary.py", line 28, in __init__
self.root = root
NameError: name 'root' is not defined
Process finished with exit code 1
这就是我所做的：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Vocabulary.py
# GUI program to manage unknown words
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
class Word:
def __init__(self, wordorphrase, explanation, translation, example):
self.wordorphrase = wordorphrase
self.explanation = explanation
self.example = example
self.translation = translation
class Vocabulary(Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.master = master
self.master.resizable(width = False, height = False)
self.master.title("Vocabulary")
self.create_widgets()
self.words = []
self.root = root
def create_widgets(self):
self.buttons_frame = Frame(self.master)
self.buttons_frame.grid(row = 10, sticky = W)
self.search_frame = Frame(self.master)
self.search_frame.grid(row = 1, sticky = W, columnspan = 2)
self.comboBox = ttk.Combobox(self.search_frame,
width = 3)
self.comboBox.grid(row = 0, column = 14, sticky = W)
self.btn_Add = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Add',
command = self.add_item)
self.btn_Add.grid(row = 0, sticky = W)
self.btn_Remove = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Remove',
command = self.remove_item)
self.btn_Remove.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.btn_Edit = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Edit',
command = self.edit_item)
self.btn_Edit.grid(row = 0, column = 2, sticky = W)
self.btn_Save = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Save',
command = self.save_item)
self.btn_Save.grid(row = 0, column = 3, sticky = W)
self.btn_Refresh = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Refresh',
command = self.refresh_all)
self.btn_Refresh.grid(row = 0, column = 4, sticky = W)
self.lblSearch = Label(self.search_frame, text = 'SEARCH: ')
self.lblSearch.grid(row = 0, column = 5, sticky = W)
self.txt_Search = Text(self.search_frame,
height = 1,
width = 70)
self.txt_Search.grid(row = 0, column = 6, columnspan = 3, sticky = W)
self.lblWordsOrPhrases = Label(self.master, text = 'WORDS/PHRASES:')
self.lblWordsOrPhrases.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
self.lblWordOrPhrase = Label(self.master, text = 'Word or phrase:')
self.lblWordOrPhrase.grid(row = 2, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.listBox = Listbox(self.master,
selectmode='multiple',
height = 34,
width = 38)
self.listBox.grid(row = 3, column = 0, rowspan = 7, sticky = W)
self.txt_WordOrPhrase = Text(self.master,
height = 1,
width = 40)
self.txt_WordOrPhrase.grid(row = 3, column = 1, sticky = N)
self.lblExplanation = Label(self.master, text = 'Explanation:')
self.lblExplanation.grid(row = 4, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.txt_Explanation = Text(self.master,
height = 10,
width = 40)
self.txt_Explanation.grid(row = 5, column = 1, sticky = N)
self.lblTranslation = Label(self.master, text = 'Translation:')
self.lblTranslation.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.txt_Translation = Text(self.master,
height = 10,
width = 40)
self.txt_Translation.grid(row = 7, column = 1, sticky = N)
self.lblExamples = Label(self.master, text = 'Example(s):')
self.lblExamples.grid(row = 8, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.txt_Example = Text(self.master,
height = 10,
width = 40)
self.txt_Example.grid(row = 9, column = 1, sticky = S)
def get_word(self):
return self.txt_WordOrPhrase.get('1.0', '1.0 lineend')
def get_explanation(self):
return self.txt_Explanation.get('1.0', '1.0 lineend')
def get_translation(self):
return self.txt_Translation.get('1.0', '1.0 lineend')
def get_example(self):
return self.txt_Example.get('1.0', '1.0 lineend')
def add_item(self):
w = Word(self.get_word(), self.get_explanation(), self.get_translation(), self.get_example())
self.words.append(w)
self.listBox.insert(END, w.wordorphrase)
self.clear_all()
def remove_item(self):
self.listBox.delete(ANCHOR)
self.words.remove()
def edit_item(self):
pass
def save_item(self):
pass
def clear_all(self):
self.txt_WordOrPhrase.delete('1.0', END)
self.txt_Explanation.delete('1.0', END)
self.txt_Translation.delete('1.0', END)
self.txt_Example.delete('1.0', END)
def refresh_all(self):
pass
def main():
root = Tk()
Vocabulary(root)
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", on_closing)
root.mainloop()
def on_closing():
if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
root.destroy
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
有人建议让root为全局变量（坏主意）或将root传递给Vocabulary类并保存对它的引用。我怎么做？
答案 0 :(得分：3)
有人建议将root传递给Vocabulary类并保存对它的引用。
嗯，你已经这样做了。
在您的示例中，您在创建Vocabulary的实例时将root作为参数传递：
Vocabulary(root)
然后您可以在代码中将其用作master，因为它是您的参数的名称。
def __init__(self, master):
在您的情况下，您的根现在是self.master：
self.master = master
因此，您可以安全地删除self.root = root并使用self.master作为对root的引用。
编辑（回复评论）
我认为让on_closing成为Vocabulary的方法会更好，这样您就可以通过self.master访问根目录了。此外，似乎问题是您忘记destroy后实际执行该函数的括号。工作代码：
# Vocabulary.py
# GUI program to manage unknown words
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
class Word:
def __init__(self, wordorphrase, explanation, translation, example):
self.wordorphrase = wordorphrase
self.explanation = explanation
self.example = example
self.translation = translation
class Vocabulary(Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.master = master
self.master.resizable(width = False, height = False)
self.master.title("Vocabulary")
self.create_widgets()
self.words = []
def create_widgets(self):
self.buttons_frame = Frame(self.master)
self.buttons_frame.grid(row = 10, sticky = W)
self.search_frame = Frame(self.master)
self.search_frame.grid(row = 1, sticky = W, columnspan = 2)
self.comboBox = ttk.Combobox(self.search_frame,
width = 3)
self.comboBox.grid(row = 0, column = 14, sticky = W)
self.btn_Add = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Add',
command = self.add_item)
self.btn_Add.grid(row = 0, sticky = W)
self.btn_Remove = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Remove',
command = self.remove_item)
self.btn_Remove.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.btn_Edit = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Edit',
command = self.edit_item)
self.btn_Edit.grid(row = 0, column = 2, sticky = W)
self.btn_Save = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Save',
command = self.save_item)
self.btn_Save.grid(row = 0, column = 3, sticky = W)
self.btn_Refresh = Button(self.buttons_frame,
text = 'Refresh',
command = self.refresh_all)
self.btn_Refresh.grid(row = 0, column = 4, sticky = W)
self.lblSearch = Label(self.search_frame, text = 'SEARCH: ')
self.lblSearch.grid(row = 0, column = 5, sticky = W)
self.txt_Search = Text(self.search_frame,
height = 1,
width = 70)
self.txt_Search.grid(row = 0, column = 6, columnspan = 3, sticky = W)
self.lblWordsOrPhrases = Label(self.master, text = 'WORDS/PHRASES:')
self.lblWordsOrPhrases.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
self.lblWordOrPhrase = Label(self.master, text = 'Word or phrase:')
self.lblWordOrPhrase.grid(row = 2, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.listBox = Listbox(self.master,
selectmode='multiple',
height = 34,
width = 38)
self.listBox.grid(row = 3, column = 0, rowspan = 7, sticky = W)
self.txt_WordOrPhrase = Text(self.master,
height = 1,
width = 40)
self.txt_WordOrPhrase.grid(row = 3, column = 1, sticky = N)
self.lblExplanation = Label(self.master, text = 'Explanation:')
self.lblExplanation.grid(row = 4, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.txt_Explanation = Text(self.master,
height = 10,
width = 40)
self.txt_Explanation.grid(row = 5, column = 1, sticky = N)
self.lblTranslation = Label(self.master, text = 'Translation:')
self.lblTranslation.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.txt_Translation = Text(self.master,
height = 10,
width = 40)
self.txt_Translation.grid(row = 7, column = 1, sticky = N)
self.lblExamples = Label(self.master, text = 'Example(s):')
self.lblExamples.grid(row = 8, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.txt_Example = Text(self.master,
height = 10,
width = 40)
self.txt_Example.grid(row = 9, column = 1, sticky = S)
def get_word(self):
return self.txt_WordOrPhrase.get('1.0', '1.0 lineend')
def get_explanation(self):
return self.txt_Explanation.get('1.0', '1.0 lineend')
def get_translation(self):
return self.txt_Translation.get('1.0', '1.0 lineend')
def get_example(self):
return self.txt_Example.get('1.0', '1.0 lineend')
def add_item(self):
w = Word(self.get_word(), self.get_explanation(), self.get_translation(), self.get_example())
self.words.append(w)
self.listBox.insert(END, w.wordorphrase)
self.clear_all()
def remove_item(self):
self.listBox.delete(ANCHOR)
self.words.remove()
def edit_item(self):
pass
def save_item(self):
pass
def clear_all(self):
self.txt_WordOrPhrase.delete('1.0', END)
self.txt_Explanation.delete('1.0', END)
self.txt_Translation.delete('1.0', END)
self.txt_Example.delete('1.0', END)
def refresh_all(self):
pass
def on_closing(self):
if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
self.master.destroy()
def main():
root = Tk()
gui = Vocabulary(root)
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", gui.on_closing)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()