我想学习一种获取两个字符串不同的部分的方法。
假设我有这两个字符串:
String s1 = "x4.printString(\"Bianca.()\").y1();";
String s2 = "sb.printString(\"Bianca.()\").length();";
我希望此输出:["x4", "y1", "sb", "length"]
来自接收s1
和s2
作为参数的方法。
我在其他帖子中找到了类似的内容,但我找到了StringUtils.difference(String first, String second)的链接。
但是这个方法从索引开始返回第二个字符串,它开始与第一个字符串不同 我真的不知道从哪里开始,任何建议都会非常感激。
更新
在@aUserHimself建议之后,我设法获得了两个字符串中的所有常见子序列,但这些子序列就像一个唯一的字符串。
这是我现在的代码:
private static int[][] lcs(String s, String t) {
int m, n;
m = s.length();
n = t.length();
int[][] table = new int[m+1][n+1];
for (int i=0; i < m+1; i++)
for (int j=0; j<n+1; j++)
table[i][j] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < m+1; i++)
for (int j = 1; j < n+1; j++)
if (s.charAt(i-1) == t.charAt(j-1))
table[i][j] = table[i-1][j-1] + 1;
else
table[i][j] = Math.max(table[i][j-1], table[i-1][j]);
return table;
}
private static List<String> backTrackAll(int[][]table, String s, String t, int m, int n){
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
if (m == 0 || n == 0) {
result.add("");
return result;
}
else
if (s.charAt(m-1) == t.charAt(n-1)) {
for (String sub : backTrackAll(table, s, t, m - 1, n - 1))
result.add(sub + s.charAt(m - 1));
return result;
}
else {
if (table[m][n - 1] >= table[m - 1][n])
result.addAll(backTrackAll(table, s, t, m, n - 1));
else
result.addAll(backTrackAll(table, s, t, m - 1, n));
return result;
}
}
private List<String> getAllSubsequences(String s, String t){
return backTrackAll(lcs(s, t), s, t, s.length(), t.length());
}
在这两个字符串上调用getAllSubsequences
:
String s1 = "while (x1 < 5)"
String s2 = "while (j < 5)"
我收到此字符串:["while ( < 5)"]
而不是["while (", " < 5)"]
,因为我希望获得。我不明白我做错了什么。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
找到两个字符串之间最长的公共子序列。 之后,您可以使用indexOf在两个字符串之间获取此公共字符串的索引,并从两者中获取不常见的值。
示例:
CICROSOFK
WOCROSFGT
普通信是
CROS
查找从0开始到SOFT
索引以及从index+'SOFT'.length
到str.length
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我已在上面标记a duplicate question,其答案使用Longest Common Subsequence
代表2个字符串。
因此,您可以递归地应用它并在每次新递归时,使用placeholder
找到此LCS
,以便您可以标记不同的部分。最后,当不存在更多常见序列时,您必须按placeholder
拆分每个字符串并获取所需的部分。
UPDATE 1:
如果我现在想的更好,这个递归部分可能不会导致最佳解决方案(从总执行时间的角度来看),因为你将多次迭代字符串。但是可能有一种方法可以通过重用memoization
表的缩减版本来检索一次迭代中的所有序列,检查this implementation和this more detailed one。
UPDATE 2:
我已设法根据this code实现递归版本(非最佳版):
public class LongestCommonSequence {
private final char[] firstStr;
private final char[] secondStr;
private int[][] LCS;
private String[][] solution;
private int max = -1, maxI = -1, maxJ = -1;
private static final Character SEPARATOR = '|';
public LongestCommonSequence(char[] firstStr, char[] secondStr) {
this.firstStr = firstStr;
this.secondStr = secondStr;
LCS = new int[firstStr.length + 1][secondStr.length + 1];
solution = new String[firstStr.length + 1][secondStr.length + 1];
}
public String find() {
for (int i = 0; i <= secondStr.length; i++) {
LCS[0][i] = 0;
if(i > 0) {
solution[0][i] = " " + secondStr[i - 1];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i <= firstStr.length; i++) {
LCS[i][0] = 0;
if(i > 0) {
solution[i][0] = " " + firstStr[i - 1];
}
}
solution[0][0] = "NONE";
for (int i = 1; i <= firstStr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= secondStr.length; j++) {
if (firstStr[i - 1] == secondStr[j - 1] && firstStr[i - 1] != SEPARATOR) {
LCS[i][j] = LCS[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
solution[i][j] = "diag";
} else {
LCS[i][j] = 0;
solution[i][j] = "none";
}
if(LCS[i][j] > max) {
max = LCS[i][j];
maxI = i;
maxJ = j;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Path values:");
for (int i = 0; i <= firstStr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <= secondStr.length; j++) {
System.out.print(" " + LCS[i][j]);
}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Path recovery:");
for (int i = 0; i <= firstStr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <= secondStr.length; j++) {
System.out.print(" " + solution[i][j]);
}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("max:" + max + " maxI:" + maxI + " maxJ:" + maxJ);
return printSolution(maxI, maxJ);
}
public String printSolution(int i, int j) {
String answer = "";
while(i - 1 >= 0 && j - 1 >= 0 && LCS[i][j] != 0) {
answer = firstStr[i - 1] + answer;
i--;
j--;
}
System.out.println("Current max solution: " + answer);
return answer;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String firstStr = "x4.printString(\\\"Bianca.()\\\").y1();";
String secondStr = "sb.printString(\\\"Bianca.()\\\").length();";
String maxSubstr;
LongestCommonSequence lcs;
do {
lcs = new LongestCommonSequence(firstStr.toCharArray(), secondStr.toCharArray());
maxSubstr = lcs.find();
if(maxSubstr.length() != 0) {
firstStr = firstStr.replace(maxSubstr, "" + LongestCommonSequence.SEPARATOR);
secondStr = secondStr.replace(maxSubstr, "" + LongestCommonSequence.SEPARATOR);
}
}
while(maxSubstr.length() != 0);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("first:" + firstStr + " second: " + secondStr);
System.out.println("First array: ");
String[] firstArray = firstStr.split("\\" + SEPARATOR);
String[] secondArray = secondStr.split("\\" + SEPARATOR);
for(String s: firstArray) {
System.out.println(s);
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Second array: ");
for(String s: secondArray) {
System.out.println(s);
}
}
}
答案 2 :(得分:0)
我的代码可能不是最紧凑的,但为了清晰起见,我已经写了这样的代码:
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, FileNotFoundException, ExecutionException {
String s1 = "x4.printString(\"Bianca.()\").y1();";
String s2 = "sb.printString(\"Bianca.()\").length();";
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
result.addAll(getDifferences(s1, s2));
result.addAll(getDifferences(s2, s1));
System.out.println(result);
}
public static List<String> getDifferences(String s1, String s2){
if(s1 == null){
return Collections.singletonList(s2);
}
if(s2 == null){
return Collections.singletonList(s1);
}
int minimalLength = Math.min(s1.length(),s2.length());
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(); // keep the consecutive differences
for(int i = 0; i<minimalLength; i++ ){
char c = s1.charAt(i);
if(c == s2.charAt(i)){
if( buffer.length() > 0){
result.add(buffer.toString());
buffer = new StringBuilder();
}
} else {
buffer.append(c);
}
}
if(s1.length() > minimalLength){
buffer.append(s1.substring(minimalLength)); // add the rest
}
if(buffer.length() > 0){
result.add(buffer.toString()); //flush buffer
}
return result;
}
但是,请注意,还会返回非单词字符,因为您没有指定要删除它们(但它们不会在您的预期输出中显示)。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
这是我找到的解决方案,感谢@aUserHimself发布的this链接。
private static int[][] lcs(String s, String t) {
int m, n;
m = s.length();
n = t.length();
int[][] table = new int[m+1][n+1];
for (int i=0; i < m+1; i++)
for (int j=0; j<n+1; j++)
table[i][j] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < m+1; i++)
for (int j = 1; j < n+1; j++)
if (s.charAt(i-1) == t.charAt(j-1))
table[i][j] = table[i-1][j-1] + 1;
else
table[i][j] = Math.max(table[i][j-1], table[i-1][j]);
return table;
}
private static List<List<String>> getDiffs(int[][] table, String s, String t, int i, int j,
int indexS, int indexT, List<List<String>> diffs){
List<String> sList, tList;
sList = diffs.get(0);
tList = diffs.get(1);
if (i > 0 && j > 0 && (s.charAt(i-1) == t.charAt(j-1)))
return getDiffs(table, s, t, i-1, j-1, indexS, indexT, diffs);
else if (i > 0 || j > 0) {
if (i > 0 && (j == 0 || table[i][j-1] < table[i-1][j])){
if (i == indexS)
sList.set(sList.size()-1, String.valueOf(s.charAt(i-1)) + sList.get(sList.size() - 1));
else
sList.add(String.valueOf(s.charAt(i-1)));
diffs.set(0, sList);
return getDiffs(table, s, t, i-1, j, i-1, indexT, diffs);
}
else if (j > 0 && (i == 0 || table[i][j-1] >= table[i-1][j])){
if (j == indexT)
tList.set(tList.size() - 1, String.valueOf(t.charAt(j-1)) + tList.get(tList.size()-1));
else
tList.add(String.valueOf(t.charAt(j-1)));
diffs.set(1, tList);
return getDiffs(table, s, t, i, j-1, indexS, j-1, diffs);
}
}
return diffs;
}
private static List<List<String>> getAllDiffs(String s, String t){
List<List<String>> diffs = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
List<String> l1, l2;
l1 = new ArrayList<>();
l2 = new ArrayList<>();
diffs.add(l1);
diffs.add(l2);
return getDiffs(lcs(s, t), s, t, s.length(), t.length(), 0, 0, diffs);
}
我发布了,因为也许对某人来说可能很有趣。