首先，我在SQL上很糟糕，这证明了这一点。最终目标是我有一个数据库（What＆＃39; s Up Gold），我试图将所有设备导出并在此过程中获得一些关键字段。我可以通过下面的查询获得我想要的所有数据。但是，由于连接，它会返回找到匹配项的重复行。理想情况下，我希望将每个唯一项添加为一列，以便每个设备留下一行，并根据需要添加所有属性，即使它是空的。
SELECT Device.sDisplayName, NetworkInterface.sNetworkAddress, NetworkInterface.sNetworkName, DeviceGroup.sGroupName,
ActiveMonitorType.sMonitorTypeName, ActionPolicy.sPolicyName, Device.sNote , DeviceAttribute.sValue
FROM NetworkInterface join Device ON (NetworkInterface.nDeviceID = Device.nDeviceID)
left outer join dbo.DeviceType on Device.nDeviceTypeID = DeviceType.nDeviceTypeID
left outer join dbo.PivotDeviceToGroup on PivotDeviceToGroup.nDeviceID = Device.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.DeviceGroup on DeviceGroup.nDeviceGroupID = PivotDeviceToGroup.nDeviceGroupID
left outer join dbo.PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice on PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice.nDeviceID = Device.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.ActiveMonitorType on ActiveMonitorType.nActiveMonitorTypeID = PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice.nActiveMonitorTypeID
left outer join ActionPolicy ON Device.nActionPolicyID = ActionPolicy.nActionPolicyID
left outer JOIN DeviceAttribute ON Device.nDeviceID = DeviceAttribute.nDeviceID
WHERE Device.bRemoved = 0 AND sMonitorTypename NOT LIKE '%Interface%' ORDER BY sNetworkName
示例返回数据：
sDisplayName sNetworkAddress sGroupName sMonitorTypeName sPolicyName sNote sValue
Portland DCI South 10.0.0.1 Main WAN MAP Ping DCI 10 Gig Alert Added from Discovery on Mon Sep 26 12:46:30 2011 Portland HQ Data Center
Portland DCI South 10.0.0.1 Main WAN MAP Ping DCI 10 Gig Alert Added from Discovery on Mon Sep 26 12:46:30 2011 PDX Data Center 10 Gig DCI South
Portland DCI South 10.0.0.1 Main WAN MAP Ping DCI 10 Gig Alert Added from Discovery on Mon Sep 26 12:46:30 2011 ETH10000-XXXXXXX
Portland DCI South 10.0.0.1 Main WAN MAP Ping DCI 10 Gig Alert Added from Discovery on Mon Sep 26 12:46:30 2011 CenturyLink - 1-888-345-4762 option 2
我希望看到的是sValue列中的每个唯一商品都会以sValue1 sValue2等方式返回。这样我就离开了每个唯一网络设备使用一行，sNetworkAddress字段使其唯一。
所需的查询输出：
sDisplayName sNetworkAddress sGroupName sMonitorTypeName sPolicyName sNote sValue1 sValue2 sValue3 sValue4
Portland DCI South 10.0.0.1 Main WAN MAP Ping DCI 10 Gig Alert Added from Discovery on Mon Sep 26 12:46:30 2011 Portland HQ Data Center PDX Data Center 10 Gig DCI South ETH10000-XXXXXXX CenturyLink - 1-888-345-4762 option 2
SELECT d.sDisplayName
, ni.sNetworkAddress
, ni.sNetworkName
, d.sNote
, da.sValue
FROM NetworkInterface ni
INNER join Device d ON ni.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
AND d.bRemoved = 0
left outer join dbo.PivotDeviceToGroup pdg on pdg.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.DeviceGroup dg on dg.nDeviceGroupID = pdg.nDeviceGroupID
left outer join dbo.PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice pamtd on pamtd.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.ActiveMonitorType amt on amt.nActiveMonitorTypeID = pamtd.nActiveMonitorTypeID
AND amt.sMonitorTypename NOT LIKE '%Interface%'
left outer join ActionPolicy ap ON ap.nActionPolicyID = d.nActionPolicyID
left outer JOIN DeviceAttribute da ON da.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
ORDER BY ni.sNetworkName
SELECT d.sDisplayName
, ni.sNetworkAddress
, ni.sNetworkName
, d.sNote
, da.sValue
INTO #TEMP
FROM NetworkInterface ni
INNER join Device d ON ni.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
AND d.bRemoved = 0
left outer join dbo.PivotDeviceToGroup pdg on pdg.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.DeviceGroup dg on dg.nDeviceGroupID = pdg.nDeviceGroupID
left outer join dbo.PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice pamtd on pamtd.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.ActiveMonitorType amt on amt.nActiveMonitorTypeID = pamtd.nActiveMonitorTypeID
AND amt.sMonitorTypename NOT LIKE '%Interface%'
left outer join ActionPolicy ap ON ap.nActionPolicyID = d.nActionPolicyID
left outer JOIN DeviceAttribute da ON da.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@query AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
SET @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + QUOTENAME(c.sValue)
FROM #TEMP c
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set @query = 'SELECT sDisplayName, sNetworkAddress, sNote' + @cols + ' from
(
SELECT
DisplayName
,sNetworkAddress
,sNetworkName
,sNote
,sValue
from temp
) x
pivot
(
max(sNote)
for sValue in (' + @cols + ')
) p '
execute(@query)
drop table #TEMP
返回错误：
(2195 row(s) affected)
Msg 1038, Level 15, State 4, Line 11
An object or column name is missing or empty. For SELECT INTO statements, verify each column has a name. For other statements, look for empty alias names. Aliases defined as "" or [] are not allowed. Change the alias to a valid name.
Msg 1038, Level 15, State 4, Line 53
An object or column name is missing or empty. For SELECT INTO statements, verify each column has a name. For other statements, look for empty alias names. Aliases defined as "" or [] are not allowed. Change the alias to a valid name.
答案 0 :(得分：0)
这里需要的是一个数据透视表。
如果每个项目在查询中返回的记录数量相同，或者您知道可能的最大值，则可以使用简单的数据透视表。但是，如果您有最大未知记录数，则需要使用动态数据透视表。
这是指向此网站上另一个问题的链接，其中显示了如何创建动态数据透视表：SQL Server dynamic PIVOT query?
SELECT d.sDisplayName
, ni.sNetworkAddress
, ni.sNetworkName
, d.sNote
, da.sValue
INTO #TEMP
FROM NetworkInterface ni
INNER join Device d ON ni.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
AND d.bRemoved = 0
left outer join dbo.PivotDeviceToGroup pdg on pdg.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.DeviceGroup dg on dg.nDeviceGroupID = pdg.nDeviceGroupID
left outer join dbo.PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice pamtd on pamtd.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.ActiveMonitorType amt on amt.nActiveMonitorTypeID = pamtd.nActiveMonitorTypeID
AND amt.sMonitorTypename NOT LIKE '%Interface%'
left outer join ActionPolicy ap ON ap.nActionPolicyID = d.nActionPolicyID
left outer JOIN DeviceAttribute da ON da.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@query AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
SET @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + QUOTENAME(c.sValue)
FROM temp c
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set @query = 'SELECT sDisplayName, sNetworkAddress, sNote' + @cols + ' from
(
SELECT
DisplayName
,sNetworkAddress
,sNetworkName
,sNote
,sValue
from temp
) x
pivot
(
max(sNote)
for sValue in (' + @cols + ')
) p '
execute(@query)
drop table temp
答案 1 :(得分：0)
您的设备似乎有多个DeviceAttribute.sValues。因此，您的重复行是与您的设备关联的其他行。
一些建议/说明：
1）为了便于阅读，请为表格添加别名。
2）在JOIN条件下保持一致。有些是ON x = y，有些是ON y = x。它会更容易看到你实际上正在加入的东西。
3）将您的WHERE条件移动到与其关联的JOIN中。如果您在JOERE中的WHERE vs中进行过滤，则可能会得到不一致的结果。
4）双击PivotDeviceToGroup / DeviceGroup和PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice / ActiveMonitorType的JOIN组。他们回来了你期望他们返回的东西吗？由于两者都是双LEFT JOIN，因此您将返回pdtg中与pamtd中的dg和行不匹配的行，这些行与amt LIKE＆＃39;％Interface％＆＃39;，amt data为NULL。
示例：
SELECT d.sDisplayName
, ni.sNetworkAddress
, ni.sNetworkName
, dg.sGroupName
, amt.sMonitorTypeName
, ap.sPolicyName
, d.sNote
, da.sValue
FROM NetworkInterface ni
INNER join Device d ON ni.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
AND d.bRemoved = 0
-- left outer join dbo.DeviceType dt on dt.nDeviceTypeID = d.nDeviceTypeID --- <<< You aren't using this table. Can you remove the JOIN?
left outer join dbo.PivotDeviceToGroup pdg on pdg.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.DeviceGroup dg on dg.nDeviceGroupID = pdg.nDeviceGroupID
left outer join dbo.PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice pamtd on pamtd.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
left outer join dbo.ActiveMonitorType amt on amt.nActiveMonitorTypeID = pamtd.nActiveMonitorTypeID
AND amt.sMonitorTypename NOT LIKE '%Interface%'
left outer join ActionPolicy ap ON ap.nActionPolicyID = d.nActionPolicyID
left outer JOIN DeviceAttribute da ON da.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
编辑：这很快就会成为一个相当复杂的PIVOT。但玩起来很有趣。我没有任何数据可以测试，但看看这样的东西是否有效。
DECLARE @colNames nvarchar(max)
, @query nvarchar(max)
DECLARE @tq1 TABLE (
sDisplayName varchar(max)
, sNetworkAddress varchar(max)
, sNetworkName varchar(max)
, sGroupName varchar(max)
, sMonitorType varchar(max)
, sPolicyName varchar(max)
, sNote varchar(max)
, sValue varchar(max)
)
INSERT INTO @tq1
SELECT d.sDisplayName
, ni.sNetworkAddress
, ni.sNetworkName
, dg.sGroupName
, amt.sMonitorType
, ap.sPolicyName
, d.sNote
, da.sValue
FROM dbo.Device d
INNER JOIN dbo.NetworkInterface ni ON ni.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.PivotDeviceToGroup pdg ON pdg.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
INNER JOIN dbo.DeviceGroup dg ON dg.nDeviceGroupID = pdg.nDeviceGroupID
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.PivotActiveMonitorTypeToDevice pamtd ON pamtd.nDeviceID = d.nDeviceID
INNER join dbo.ActiveMonitorType amt on amt.nActiveMonitorTypeID = pamtd.nActiveMonitorTypeID
AND amt.sMonitorTypename NOT LIKE '%Interface%'
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.ActionPolicy ap ON ap.nActionPolicyID = d.nActionPolicyID
LEFT JOIN DeviceAttribute da ON d.nDeviceID = da.nDeviceID
WHERE d.bRemoved = 0
SELECT @colNames = STUFF( (SELECT DISTINCT ',' + QUOTENAME(sValue) FROM @tq1 FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE ).value('.','nvarchar(max)'),1,1,'' )
SET @query = 'SELECT * FROM
(
SELECT sDisplayName
, sNetworkAddress
, sNetworkName
, sGroupName
, sMonitorType
, sPolicyName
, sNote
, sValue
FROM @tq1
) t1
PIVOT
(
max(sValue) FOR sValue IN (' + @colNames + ')
) p
ORDER BY sNetworkName
'
EXECUTE ( @query )