Vec中的结构可以相互引用吗?

时间:2017-03-24 18:18:30

标签: rust borrow-checker

以下代码创建了一个玩家列表,然后将其他一些玩家的引用添加为朋友。我无法通过借用检查器。谁能解释我哪里出错?

fn main() {
    let mut players =
        vec![Player::new("alice"), Player::new("bob"), Player::new("eve"), Player::new("dave")];

    let mut alice = players.get_mut(0).unwrap();
    alice.friends.push(&players[1]);
    alice.friends.push(&players[2]);
    // The list is borrowed by the existence of Alice, how do I
    // put Bob and Eve into Alice's group?

    let game = Game::new(GameType::Checkers,
                         "Game #23",
                         vec![&players[0], &players[1]][..]);
    // the trait bound `[&'a Player<'_>]: std::marker::Sized` is not satisfied
}

要获得奖金,我如何让玩家进入游戏?

其余代码如下:

struct Player<'a> {
    name: String,
    friends: Vec<&'a Player<'a>>,
}
impl<'a> Player<'a> {
    fn new(name: &str) -> Player {
        Player {
            name: name.into(),
            friends: Vec::new(),
        }
    }
}

enum GameType {
    Chess,
    Checkers,
    SnakesAndLadders,
}

struct Game<'a> {
    game: GameType,
    name: String,
    players: Vec<&'a Player<'a>>,
}
impl<'a> Game<'a> {
    fn new(game: GameType, name: &str, players: [&'a Player]) -> Game<'a> {
        Game {
            game: game,
            name: name.into(),
            players: players.to_vec(),
        }
    }
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我假设您已经搜索了错误消息,并通过<{3>}的部分进行了阅读,因此我将返回此优惠,不会浪费你的时间。相反,我将继续讨论借阅检查的问题:

error[E0502]: cannot borrow `players` as immutable because it is also borrowed as mutable
  --> src/main.rs:40:25
   |
39 |     let mut alice = players.get_mut(0).unwrap();
   |                     ------- mutable borrow occurs here
40 |     alice.friends.push(&players[1]);
   |                         ^^^^^^^ immutable borrow occurs here
...
48 | }
   | - mutable borrow ends here

Rust只允许你拥有10+ questions and answers about it already。此代码已创建对向量的可变引用,并尝试获取第二个不可变引用。

必须禁止这样做,因为就编译器所知,更改可变引用可能会使不可变引用无效。这会导致记忆不安全,Rust不允许这样做。

在这种情况下,一旦您创建了players向量,就不会再添加任何值。向量本身是不可变的,但其中的组件想要是可变的。这非常适合RefCell

struct Player<'a> {
    name: String,
    friends: RefCell<Vec<&'a Player<'a>>>,
}

现在Player可以修改他们的朋友,而不知道包含可变性的包含元素。

然后,只需要删除向量的可变借用并将friends作为可变对象借用:

let alice = &players[0];
alice.friends.borrow_mut().push(&players[1]);
alice.friends.borrow_mut().push(&players[2]);

您还必须向Game::new添加缺少的生命周期,并编译:

use std::cell::RefCell;

struct Player<'a> {
    name: String,
    friends: RefCell<Vec<&'a Player<'a>>>,
}

impl<'a> Player<'a> {
    fn new(name: &str) -> Player {
        Player {
            name: name.into(),
            friends: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
        }
    }
}

struct Game<'a> {
    players: Vec<&'a Player<'a>>,
}

impl<'a> Game<'a> {
    fn new(players: &[&'a Player<'a>]) -> Game<'a> {
        Game { players: players.to_vec() }
    }
}

fn main() {
    let players = vec![
        Player::new("alice"),
        Player::new("bob"),
        Player::new("eve"), 
        Player::new("dave"),
    ];

    let alice = &players[0];
    alice.friends.borrow_mut().push(&players[1]);
    alice.friends.borrow_mut().push(&players[2]);

    Game::new(&[&players[0], &players[1]]);
}

您的问题非常接近a single mutable reference or one-or-more immutable references to the same value,但略有不同。我们鼓励您阅读相关信息。