这是我下面的代码，由于某种原因，在放置matplotlib图的导航工具栏时我无法使用.grid（）。我一直收到这个错误：
next_record()Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\nasto\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1699, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:\Users\nasto\Documents\Company\CMS.py", line 63, in <lambda>
self.master.bind('<Control-n>', lambda event: self.no_credentials())
File "C:\Users\nasto\Documents\Company\CMS.py", line 94, in no_credentials
self.master.change(main_frame)
File "C:\Users\nasto\Documents\Company\CMS.py", line 32, in change
self.frame = frame()
File "C:\Users\nasto\Documents\Company\CMS.py", line 160, in __init__
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, self)
File "C:\Users\nasto\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_tkagg.py", line 711, in __init__
NavigationToolbar2.__init__(self, canvas)
File "C:\Users\nasto\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backend_bases.py", line 2752, in __init__
self._init_toolbar()
File "C:\Users\nasto\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_tkagg.py", line 772, in _init_toolbar
self.pack(side=Tk.BOTTOM, fill=Tk.X)
File "C:\Users\nasto\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2137, in pack_configure
+ self._options(cnf, kw))
_tkinter.TclError: cannot use geometry manager pack inside .!main_frame which already has slaves managed by grid
我已经找到了问题，它似乎发生在以下代码行中：
#importing tkinter libraries
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.ttk import Combobox,Treeview,Scrollbar
from tkinter import font
#importing matplotlib libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib import style
#Other libraries
import hashlib
import sqlite3
import os
#sets the style for the graph
style.use('ggplot')
Fig = Figure(figsize=(12,4), dpi=100)
a = Fig.add_subplot(111)
class start(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
tk.Tk.__init__(self)
self.frame = login_window()
self.frame.grid()
def change(self, frame):
self.frame.grid_forget()
self.frame = frame()
self.frame.grid()
class login_window(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, master, **kwargs)
#Sets the width and height of the screen
width = 600
height = 600
screenWidth = self.winfo_screenwidth()
screenHeight = self.winfo_screenheight()
x = (screenWidth/2) - (width/2)
y = (screenHeight/2) - (height/2)
self.master.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, x, y))
self.master.resizable(width=False, height=False)
self.master.title('Login')
#On screen widgets
self.__userID = tk.StringVar()
self.__password = tk.StringVar()
self.__error = tk.StringVar()
userIDLabel = tk.Label(self, text = 'User ID: ').grid(row=1,column=0)
passwordLabel = tk.Label(self, text='Password: ').grid(row=2,column=0)
errorLabel = tk.Label(self, textvariable=self.__error).grid(row=0,column=0)
userIDEntry = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.__userID).grid(row=1,column=1)
passwordEntry = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.__password).grid(row=2,column=1)
loginButton = tk.Button(self, text='Login', command = self.check_credentials).grid(row=3,column=0)
clearButton = tk.Button(self, text='Clear', command = self.clear).grid(row=3,column=1)
exitButtom = tk.Button(self, text='Exit', command = self.exit).grid(row=3,column=2)
self.master.bind('<Return>', lambda event: self.check_credentials())
self.master.bind('<Control-n>', lambda event: self.no_credentials())
def check_credentials(self, event=None):
userID = self.__userID.get()
password = self.__password.get()
hashPassword = (password.encode('utf-8'))
newPassword = hashlib.sha256()
newPassword.update(hashPassword)
if userID == '' and password == '':
self.__error.set('Error! No credentials entered')
elif userID == '' :
self.__error.set('Error! No userID entered')
elif password == '':
self.__error.set('Error! No password entered')
else:
with sqlite3.connect ('pkdata.db') as db:
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute('select userID, password from users where userID=?',(userID))
info = cursor.fetchone()
if info is None:
self.__error.set('Error! Credentials not found')
else:
dbUserID = info[0]
dbPassword = info[1]
if userID == dbUserID or newPassword.hexdigest() == dbPassword:
self.master.change(main_frame)
else:
self.__error.set('Error! please enter credentials again')
self.clear()
def no_credentials(self):
self.master.change(main_frame)
def clear(self):
self.__userID.set('')
self.__password.set('')
def exit(self):
pass
class main_frame(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, master, **kwargs)
self.master.state('zoomed')
self.master.resizable(width=False, height=False)
self.master.title('Pyraknight')
#Sets up te menus
menu = tk.Menu(self.master)
self.master.config(menu=menu)
fileMenu = tk.Menu(menu)
## fileMenu.add_command(label='Save', command=None)
## fileMenu.add_command(label='Exit', command=None)
menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu = fileMenu)
editMenu = tk.Menu(menu)
## editMenu.add_command(label='Undo', command=None)
## editMenu.add_command(label='Redo', command=None)
menu.add_cascade(label='Edit', menu = editMenu)
quickAccessMenu = tk.Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label='Access', menu = quickAccessMenu)
helpMenu = tk.Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label='Help', menu = helpMenu)
#Treeview for finances. ingoing and outgoing finances are displayed in the treeview
self.financeTree = Treeview(self.master, height=25)
self.financeTree['columns']=('transactionNumber','transactionAmount','productID','taxPaid','dateOfTransaction','timeOfTransaction','transactionApproved')
self.financeTree.column('transactionNumber', width=125)
self.financeTree.column('transactionAmount', width=125)
self.financeTree.column('productID', width=75)
self.financeTree.column('taxPaid', width=75)
self.financeTree.column('dateOfTransaction', width=125)
self.financeTree.column('timeOfTransaction', width=125)
self.financeTree.column('transactionApproved', width=125)
self.financeTree.heading('transactionNumber',text='Transaction Number')
self.financeTree.heading('transactionAmount',text='Transaction Amount')
self.financeTree.heading('productID',text='Product ID')
self.financeTree.heading('taxPaid',text='Tax Paid')
self.financeTree.heading('dateOfTransaction',text='Date Of Transaction')
self.financeTree.heading('timeOfTransaction',text='Time Of Transaction')
self.financeTree.heading('transactionApproved',text='Transaction Approved')
self.financeTree['show'] = 'headings'
yscrollbar = Scrollbar(self.master, orient='vertical', command=self.financeTree.yview)
xscrollbar = Scrollbar(self.master, orient='horizontal', command=self.financeTree.xview)
self.financeTree.configure(yscroll=yscrollbar.set, xscroll=xscrollbar.set)
self.financeTree.grid(row=0,column=0)
#Places the graph on the main screen & updates the graph when the file updates
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(Fig, self)
canvas.show()
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=1,column=0)
''' toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, self)
toolbar.update()
canvas._tkcanvas.grid(row=1,column=0)
'''
self.ani = animation.FuncAnimation (Fig, self.animate_graph, interval=1000)
# Retrieves data from a txt file to be displayed on the main screen
def animate_graph(self, i):
pullData = open('financeData.txt','r').read()
dataList = pullData.split('\n')
xAxisList = []
yAxisList = []
for eachLine in dataList:
if len(eachLine) > 1:
x, y = eachLine.split(',')
xAxisList.append(int(x))
yAxisList.append(int(y))
a.clear()
a.plot(xAxisList, yAxisList)
a.title.set_text('Pyraknight Finances')
def workout_taxes(self):
pass
app = start()
app.mainloop()
任何帮助将非常感谢，提前感谢。 〜纳斯