我知道这是一个常见问题，但我先尝试了所有方法。
以下显示了问题以及我尝试过的内容：
$ python
Python 2.7.13 |Anaconda 4.3.0 (64-bit)| (default, Dec 20 2016, 23:09:15)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://anaconda.org
>>> import caffe
>>> import cv2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named cv2
>>> import numpy
>>> print numpy.__version__
1.11.3
>>>
我试过的方法： 1.确认numpy版本;
确认python版本为2.7
检查opencv版本;
$ dpkg -l | grep libopencv
在上面的第4步之后，cv2可以适当导入但无法导入Caffe。之前实现了caffe安装并且它通过了所有检查。就像'make all'; 'make runtest';和'做pycaffee'。现在它失败了'make all'也'make pycaffee'。所以这里是错误信息：
$ python
Python 2.7.13 |Anaconda 4.3.0 (64-bit)| (default, Dec 20 2016, 23:09:15)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://anaconda.org
>>> import cv2
>>> import caffe
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/cocadas/Program/caffe-master/python/caffe/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from .pycaffe import Net, SGDSolver, NesterovSolver, AdaGradSolver, RMSPropSolver, AdaDeltaSolver, AdamSolver, NCCL, Timer
File "/home/cocadas/Program/caffe-master/python/caffe/pycaffe.py", line 13, in <module>
from ._caffe import Net, SGDSolver, NesterovSolver, AdaGradSolver, \
ImportError: No module named _caffe
>>> exit()
以下是conda列表。
$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/cocadas/anaconda2:
#
_license 1.1 py27_1
alabaster 0.7.9 py27_0
anaconda 4.3.0 np111py27_0
anaconda-client 1.6.0 py27_0
anaconda-navigator 1.4.3 py27_0
argcomplete 1.0.0 py27_1
astroid 1.4.9 py27_0
astropy 1.3 np111py27_0
babel 2.3.4 py27_0
backports 1.0 py27_0
backports_abc 0.5 py27_0
beautifulsoup4 4.5.3 py27_0
bitarray 0.8.1 py27_0
blaze 0.10.1 py27_0
bokeh 0.12.4 py27_0
boto 2.45.0 py27_0
bottleneck 1.2.0 np111py27_0
bzip2 1.0.6 3
cairo 1.14.8 0
cdecimal 2.3 py27_2
cffi 1.9.1 py27_0
chardet 2.3.0 py27_0
chest 0.2.3 py27_0
click 6.7 py27_0
cloudpickle 0.2.2 py27_0
clyent 1.2.2 py27_0
cmake 3.6.3 0
colorama 0.3.7 py27_0
conda 4.3.14 py27_0
conda-build 2.1.7 py27_0
conda-env 2.6.0 0
conda-verify 2.0.0 py27_0
configobj 5.0.6 py27_0
configparser 3.5.0 py27_0
contextlib2 0.5.4 py27_0
cryptography 1.7.1 py27_0
curl 7.52.1 0
cycler 0.10.0 py27_0
cython 0.25.2 py27_0
cytoolz 0.8.2 py27_0
dask 0.13.0 py27_0
datashape 0.5.4 py27_0
dbus 1.10.10 0
decorator 4.0.11 py27_0
dill 0.2.5 py27_0
dlib 19.4.0 <pip>
docutils 0.13.1 py27_0
entrypoints 0.2.2 py27_0
enum34 1.1.6 py27_0
et_xmlfile 1.0.1 py27_0
expat 2.1.0 0
fastcache 1.0.2 py27_1
filelock 2.0.7 py27_0
flask 0.12 py27_0
flask-cors 3.0.2 py27_0
fontconfig 2.12.1 2
freetype 2.5.5 2
funcsigs 1.0.2 py27_0
functools32 3.2.3.2 py27_0
futures 3.0.5 py27_0
get_terminal_size 1.0.0 py27_0
gevent 1.2.1 py27_0
glib 2.50.2 1
greenlet 0.4.11 py27_0
grin 1.2.1 py27_3
gst-plugins-base 1.8.0 0
gstreamer 1.8.0 0
h5py 2.6.0 np111py27_2
harfbuzz 0.9.39 2
hdf5 1.8.17 1
heapdict 1.0.0 py27_1
icu 54.1 0
idna 2.2 py27_0
imagesize 0.7.1 py27_0
ipaddress 1.0.18 py27_0
ipykernel 4.5.2 py27_0
ipython 5.1.0 py27_0
ipython_genutils 0.1.0 py27_0
ipywidgets 5.2.2 py27_1
isort 4.2.5 py27_0
itsdangerous 0.24 py27_0
jbig 2.1 0
jdcal 1.3 py27_0
jedi 0.9.0 py27_1
jinja2 2.9.4 py27_0
jpeg 9b 0
jsonschema 2.5.1 py27_0
jupyter 1.0.0 py27_3
jupyter_client 4.4.0 py27_0
jupyter_console 5.0.0 py27_0
jupyter_core 4.2.1 py27_0
lazy-object-proxy 1.2.2 py27_0
leveldb 0.194 <pip>
libffi 3.2.1 1
libgcc 4.8.5 2
libgfortran 3.0.0 1
libiconv 1.14 0
libpng 1.6.27 0
libsodium 1.0.10 0
libtiff 4.0.6 3
libxcb 1.12 1
libxml2 2.9.4 0
libxslt 1.1.29 0
llvmlite 0.15.0 py27_0
locket 0.2.0 py27_1
lxml 3.7.2 py27_0
markupsafe 0.23 py27_2
matplotlib 2.0.0 np111py27_0
mistune 0.7.3 py27_0
mkl 2017.0.1 0
mkl-service 1.1.2 py27_3
mpmath 0.19 py27_1
multipledispatch 0.4.9 py27_0
nbconvert 4.2.0 py27_0
nbformat 4.2.0 py27_0
ncurses 5.9 10
networkx 1.11 py27_0
nltk 3.2.2 py27_0
nose 1.3.7 py27_1
notebook 4.3.1 py27_0
numba 0.30.1 np111py27_0
numexpr 2.6.1 np111py27_2
numpy 1.11.3 py27_0
numpydoc 0.6.0 py27_0
odo 0.5.0 py27_1
olefile 0.44 <pip>
opencv 2.4.11 nppy27_0 menpo
openpyxl 2.4.1 py27_0
openssl 1.0.2k 0
pandas 0.19.2 np111py27_1
partd 0.3.7 py27_0
patchelf 0.9 0
path.py 10.0 py27_0
pathlib2 2.2.0 py27_0
patsy 0.4.1 py27_0
pcre 8.39 1
pep8 1.7.0 py27_0
pexpect 4.2.1 py27_0
pickleshare 0.7.4 py27_0
pillow 4.0.0 py27_0
pip 9.0.1 py27_1
pixman 0.34.0 0
pkginfo 1.4.1 py27_0
ply 3.9 py27_0
prompt_toolkit 1.0.9 py27_0
protobuf 3.2.0 <pip>
psutil 5.0.1 py27_0
ptyprocess 0.5.1 py27_0
py 1.4.32 py27_0
pyasn1 0.1.9 py27_0
pycairo 1.10.0 py27_0
pycosat 0.6.1 py27_1
pycparser 2.17 py27_0
pycrypto 2.6.1 py27_4
pycurl 7.43.0 py27_2
pyflakes 1.5.0 py27_0
pygments 2.1.3 py27_0
pylint 1.6.4 py27_1
pyopenssl 16.2.0 py27_0
pyparsing 2.1.4 py27_0
pyqt 5.6.0 py27_2
pytables 3.3.0 np111py27_0
pytest 3.0.5 py27_0
python 2.7.13 0
python-dateutil 1.5 <pip>
python-dateutil 2.6.0 py27_0
python-gflags 3.1.1 <pip>
pytz 2016.10 py27_0
pyyaml 3.12 py27_0
pyzmq 16.0.2 py27_0
qt 5.6.2 3
qtawesome 0.4.3 py27_0
qtconsole 4.2.1 py27_1
qtpy 1.2.1 py27_0
readline 6.2 2
redis 3.2.0 0
redis-py 2.10.5 py27_0
requests 2.12.4 py27_0
rope 0.9.4 py27_1
ruamel_yaml 0.11.14 py27_1
scandir 1.4 py27_0
scikit-image 0.12.3 np111py27_1
scikit-learn 0.18.1 np111py27_1
scipy 0.18.1 np111py27_1
seaborn 0.7.1 py27_0
setuptools 27.2.0 py27_0
simplegeneric 0.8.1 py27_1
singledispatch 3.4.0.3 py27_0
sip 4.18 py27_0
six 1.10.0 py27_0
snowballstemmer 1.2.1 py27_0
sockjs-tornado 1.0.3 py27_0
sphinx 1.5.1 py27_0
spyder 3.1.2 py27_0
sqlalchemy 1.1.5 py27_0
sqlite 3.13.0 0
ssl_match_hostname 3.4.0.2 py27_1
statsmodels 0.6.1 np111py27_1
subprocess32 3.2.7 py27_0
sympy 1.0 py27_0
terminado 0.6 py27_0
tk 8.5.18 0
toolz 0.8.2 py27_0
tornado 4.4.2 py27_0
traitlets 4.3.1 py27_0
unicodecsv 0.14.1 py27_0
wcwidth 0.1.7 py27_0
werkzeug 0.11.15 py27_0
wheel 0.29.0 py27_0
widgetsnbextension 1.2.6 py27_0
wrapt 1.10.8 py27_0
xgboost 0.6a2 <pip>
xlrd 1.0.0 py27_0
xlsxwriter 0.9.6 py27_0
xlwt 1.2.0 py27_0
xz 5.2.2 1
yaml 0.1.6 0
zeromq 4.1.5 0
zlib 1.2.8 3
在conda中安装cv2后编译caffe的错误消息。
$make clean
$make all
...
AR -o .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a
LD -o .build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -ltbb
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:574: recipe for target '.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5' failed
make: *** [.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5] Error 1
制作pycaffe的错误信息
$ make pycaffe
LD -o .build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -ltbb
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:574: recipe for target '.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5' failed
make: *** [.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5] Error 1
cocadas@cocadas-ThinkPad-W540:~/Program/caffe-master$
由于缺少ltbb，我安装了包
$sudo apt-get install libtbb-dev
然后'找不到-ltbb'的问题就消失了。但后来它抱怨了
.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so: undefined reference to `cv::imread(cv::String const&, int)'
.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so: undefined reference to `cv::imencode(cv::String const&, cv::_InputArray const&, std::vector<unsigned char, std::allocator<unsigned char> >&, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > const&)'
.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so: undefined reference to `cv::imdecode(cv::_InputArray const&, int)'
答案 0 :(得分：2)
在使用opencv 2.4.11构建caffe 1.0.0-rc5时，我遇到了错误：
[ 81%] Linking CXX executable compute_image_mean
../lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5: undefined reference to `cv::imencode(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, cv::_InputArray const&, std::vector<unsigned char, std::
allocator<unsigned char> >&, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > const&)'
../lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5: undefined reference to `cv::imread(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
tools/CMakeFiles/compute_image_mean.dir/build.make:130: recipe for target 'tools/compute_image_mean' failed
make[2]: *** [tools/compute_image_mean] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:625: recipe for target 'tools/CMakeFiles/compute_image_mean.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [tools/CMakeFiles/compute_image_mean.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
[ 81%] Linking CXX executable convert_imageset
然后我将opencv从2.4.11升级到opencv 3.
conda install -c menpo opencv=3
然后构建顺利。
(root) root@625fbd309a17:~/caffe-rc5/build# PYTHONPATH=~/caffe-rc5/build/install/python/ python -c 'import caffe; print caffe.__version__'
1.0.0-rc5
我不确定，但也许缺少的函数存在于opencv_imgecodecs.so中，2.4.11中未提供，但在＆gt; = 3.0.0中提供
答案 1 :(得分：0)
对于importindg cv2，我使用了
pip install opencv-python
尝试一下，也许它有效。