我的目标是使用Observer模式绘制一个矩形并从左向右平滑移动。
我有一个Model类,它是我放置矩形坐标的Observable,以及一个Display类,它是Observer,每当坐标在模型中发生变化时执行重绘。
Model中的坐标更改是在SwingWorker内部的while循环中进行的:在每次迭代时我将x坐标递增1,然后睡眠100 ms,然后通知Observer(Display)只执行任务一个重画。正如您所看到的那样,在EDT上调用repaint()方法就像建议的那样。
问题是大约一秒后移动不顺畅,重新显示频率变化,看起来矩形越来越少重新绘制。
这是Model类:
import java.util.Observable;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import javax.swing.SwingWorker;
public class Model extends Observable{
int xCoordinate;
Model(Display d){
SwingWorker<Void,Void> sw = new SwingWorker<Void,Void>(){
@Override
protected Void doInBackground() {
while(xCoordinate<600){
xCoordinate ++;
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {}
setChanged();
notifyObservers(xCoordinate);
}
return null;
}
};
addObserver(d);
sw.execute();
}
public static void main(String[] a){
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run(){
Display d = new Display();
Model m = new Model(d);
d.model = m;
}
});
}
}
这是Display类:
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class Display extends JFrame implements Observer{
Model model;
int xCoordinate;
Display(){
getContentPane().add(new JPanel(){
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.fillRect(xCoordinate, 1, 50, 50);
}
});
setSize(600, 600);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
@Override
/* arg is the updated xCoordinate*/
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
xCoordinate = (Integer)arg;
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
repaint();
}
});
}
}
我尝试了其他方法,例如在显示器中使用Timer,但这也没有用。 SwingWorker可能在这里没有用,因为在SwingWorker线程上进行的计算很容易(递增一个),但是我需要它用于我打算在我的项目(池游戏)上进行繁重的计算。
我也尝试通过查看两次重绘之间的时间(在显示中)和两次递增之间的时间(在模型中)进行调试,并且预期每次约100毫秒。
提前致谢
答案 0 :(得分:1)
好的,作为初步测试,我开始使用Swing Timer
...
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Test();
}
public Test() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
Model model = new Model();
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new TestPane(model));
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
Timer timer = new Timer(40, new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
model.update();
}
});
timer.setInitialDelay(1000);
timer.start();
}
});
}
public class Model extends Observable {
private int xCoordinate;
public void update() {
xCoordinate++;
setChanged();
notifyObservers(xCoordinate);
}
public int getXCoordinate() {
return xCoordinate;
}
}
public class TestPane extends JPanel implements Observer {
private Model model;
public TestPane(Model model) {
this.model = model;
model.addObserver(this);
}
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(200, 200);
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.fillRect(model.getXCoordinate(), 1, 50, 50);
g2d.dispose();
}
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
System.out.println(arg);
repaint();
}
}
}
我找到的是,你永远不会在setChanged
上调用Observable
,在我的测试中,这意味着它从未调用过Observer
我还用SwingWorker
...
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingWorker;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Test();
}
public Test() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
Model model = new Model();
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new TestPane(model));
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
SwingWorker worker = new SwingWorker() {
@Override
protected Object doInBackground() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(1000);
while (true) {
model.update();
}
}
};
worker.execute();
}
});
}
public class Model extends Observable {
private int xCoordinate;
public synchronized void update() {
xCoordinate++;
setChanged();
notifyObservers(xCoordinate);
}
public synchronized int getXCoordinate() {
return xCoordinate;
}
}
public class TestPane extends JPanel implements Observer {
private Model model;
public TestPane(Model model) {
this.model = model;
model.addObserver(this);
}
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(200, 200);
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.fillRect(model.getXCoordinate(), 1, 50, 50);
g2d.dispose();
}
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
System.out.println(arg);
repaint();
}
}
}
由于线程同步问题,我同步了对方法的访问,以确保值不会在更新之间发生变化。因为您正在使用Observer
,实际上可以通过&#34;新状态&#34;至Observer
,因此他们在使用模型时并不依赖于模型的值。
好的,所以它的长短不一,你需要在setChanged
更新后致电Observable
,以便notifyObservers
实际上会调用Observer
{1}}Š
正如有人毫无疑问地指出的那样,这种方法的时间不准确,其性质,Swing Timer
和Thread.sleep
只保证&#34;至少&#34 ;时间并可以在每次更新之间进行验证。
如果您有可变长度操作,这也会影响更新之间的时间。相反,您应该计算执行操作所花费的时间,减去您想要等待的时间,然后使用此延迟来计算您想要等待多长时间等待&#34;帧之间。您应该使用System.nanoTime
而不是System.currentTimeMillis
,因为它不会遇到相同的系统时钟同步问题