我使用Python将json文件转换为更易读的输出,json中的特定条目可以采用以下格式之一。我正在尝试创建一个方法来处理创建适当的输出而不检查类型。
"responseType": null
或
"responseType": "FEATURE MODEL"
或
"responseType": {
"type": "array",
"of": "Feature"
}
或
"responseType": {
"type": "array",
"of": {
"type": "number",
"format": "int32"
}
}
在每种情况下我想要的输出是这样的:
The responseType is null
The responseType is a Feature Model
The responseType is an array of Feature
The responseType is an array of int32 numbers
我是Python的新手,我的第一个倾向是做很多类型检查和字符串连接。即:
str = "The response type is "
if type(obj["responseType"]) is str:
str += obj["responseType"]
elif type(obj["responseType"]) is dict:
str += obj["responseType"]["type"] + " "
if type(obj["responseType"]["of"] is str
str += obj["responseType"]["of"]
else:
#dict output
#etc...
elif type(obj["responseType"] is None:
print("The response type is null")
这样做非常幼稚和不正确,因为我反复阅读,你永远不应该检查类型。
那么,在没有进行所有类型检查的情况下处理这种情况的pythonic方法是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您可以使用密钥访问并捕获异常,这种技术称为易于请求宽恕而不是权限,或 EAFP :
rtype = obj["responseType"]
output = []
try:
container_type = rtype['type']
except TypeError:
# not a dictionary, so plain type
output.extend(['null'] if rtype is None else ['a', rtype])
else:
# Container type
output.extend(['a', container_type, 'of'])
# Check for subtype
try:
sub_type = rtype['of']['type']
except TypeError:
output.append(rtype['of'])
else:
output.extend([rtype['of']['format'], sub_type + 's'])
print('The response type is', *output)
我暂时没有使用正确的文章(a
与an
),但您明白了。
它不一定比你正在做的更好,在你跳跃之前( LBYL );它取决于混合的分布哪一个更快(因为处理异常比使用if
测试相对慢,但如果异常不太常见则更快),或者哪一个你发现更易读你的用例。
演示:
>>> def output(obj):
... rtype = obj["responseType"]
... output = []
... try:
... container_type = rtype['type']
... except TypeError:
... # not a dictionary, so plain type
... output.extend(['null'] if rtype is None else ['a', rtype])
... else:
... # Container type
... output.extend(['a', container_type, 'of'])
... # Check for subtype
... try:
... sub_type = rtype['of']['type']
... except TypeError:
... output.append(rtype['of'])
... else:
... output.extend([rtype['of']['format'], sub_type + 's'])
... print('The response type is', *output)
...
>>> responses = [
... {"responseType": None},
... {"responseType": "FEATURE MODEL"},
... {"responseType": {"type": "array", "of": "Feature"}},
... {"responseType": {"type": "array", "of": {"type": "number", "format": "int32"}}},
... ]
>>> for r in responses:
... output(r)
...
The response type is null
The response type is a FEATURE MODEL
The response type is a array of Feature
The response type is a array of int32 numbers
请注意,如果您使用类型检查,我会使用isinstance(ob, class)
而不是type(ob) is class
。使用来自JSON的数据,不需要进行严格的检查(你不能接受子类,只有确切的类型),而isinstance()
对Python的工作较少,对其他维护者来说更易读。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
使用异常会更“Pythonic”。有关详细信息,请参阅my answer至其他问题。
无论如何,这是将它们应用于您的问题的可运行示例:
import json
json_resp = '''[{"responseType": null},
{"responseType": "FEATURE MODEL"},
{"responseType": {"of": "Feature", "type": "array"}},
{"responseType": {"type": "array",
"of": {"format": "int32", "type": "number"}}}]'''
objs = json.loads(json_resp)
for obj in objs:
try:
kind = ('an ' + obj['responseType']['type']
+ ' of ' + obj['responseType']['of']['format']
+ ' ' + obj['responseType']['of']['type']
+ 's')
except TypeError:
try:
kind = obj['responseType']['of']
except TypeError:
kind = obj['responseType']
print('The responseType is {}'.format(kind))
输出:
The responseType is None
The responseType is FEATURE MODEL
The responseType is Feature
The responseType is an array of int32 numbers