Question

所以我昨天安装了Visual Studio 2017。我还安装了支持VS 2017的CMake 3.7.2。

我的VS安装使用Game development with C++工作流程+其他一些组件：

individual_components

我还添加了CMake的东西（但我认为我甚至不需要它 - 因为我使用CMake作为独立工具来生成VS解决方案）和MSBuild（我有msbuild.exe甚至在添加该组件之前 - 所以不确定该附加组件究竟做了什么。）

使用VS 2015，我可以从正常的命令提示符运行cmake .以获得解决方案。

使用VS 2017，工作流程会发生变化 - 我已阅读this post from Microsoft。

所以我尝试了以下内容：

我打开了Developer Command Prompt for VS 2017，然后我就跑了cmake . -G "NMake Makefiles"。然后运行cmake --build .正确编译了所有内容。

当我在提示符中尝试以下操作时：cmake . -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"强制创建解决方案时出现以下错误：

-- The C compiler identification is unknown
-- The CXX compiler identification is unknown
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:3 (project):
  No CMAKE_C_COMPILER could be found.
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:3 (project):
  No CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER could be found.
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

我还尝试使用vswhere.exe设置环境并运行vcvarsall.bat，如下所示：

“C：\ Program Files（x86）\ Microsoft Visual Studio \ 2017 \ Community \ VC \ Auxiliary \ Build \ vcvarsall.bat”amd64

我再次只能生成NMake文件，而不是解决方案。

那么我该如何获得解决方案？

为什么cl.exe在Version 19.10.25017时报告VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin？

Answer 1

将我的评论转化为答案

错误-- The CXX compiler identification is unknown - No CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER could be found.基本上意味着CMake无法编译一个简单的测试程序（它总是作为识别/验证编译器的一部分）。

您可以查看CMakeFiles\CMakeError.log（相对于您的二进制输出目录），错误原因应该在那里。

到目前为止我遇到的两个可能的原因：

缺少管理员权限。如果您的Visual Studio设置为需要管理员权限，则可以尝试从具有管理权限进行交叉检查的shell中再次运行此命令。
缺少Windows SDK。验证您的SDK安装，例如检查您是否安装了任何资源编译器。它应该在类似于：
的路径中
```
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v[some version]\bin\RC.Exe
```

Visual Studio 2017安装

请注意，即使您选择了一个C ++预定义的包（因为我使用了Desktop development with C++然后添加了更多包），Visual Studio也可能不安装所有必需的C ++包在Individual Components标签下。

以下是哪些选择对我有用（VS2017 Community Edition，Windows 10）：

如果您有使用MFC / ATL库的项目，则需要将其添加到SDKs, libraries, and frameworks子类别下：

<强>参考

Answer 2

我正在使用Windows 7 ....在@Florian在评论中告诉我调查CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log后，我设法解决了这个问题！

这是第一个日志：

Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" failed.
Compiler:  
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 3/10/2017 11:05:24 AM.
Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Platforms\x64\PlatformToolsets\v141\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
(Desktop_PlatformPrepareForBuild target) -> 
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Platforms\x64\PlatformToolsets\v141\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.28


Compiling the CXX compiler identification source file "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" failed.
Compiler:  
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 3/10/2017 11:05:24 AM.
Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Platforms\x64\PlatformToolsets\v141\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
(Desktop_PlatformPrepareForBuild target) -> 
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Platforms\x64\PlatformToolsets\v141\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.13

我似乎需要Windows SDK version 8.1因此我将其安装为组件（仅安装了版本10）。但后来又出现了另一个错误：

Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" failed.
Compiler:  
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 3/10/2017 11:17:21 AM.
Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
PrepareForBuild:
  Creating directory "Debug\".
  Creating directory "Debug\CompilerIdC.tlog\".
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Creating "Debug\CompilerIdC.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild" because "AlwaysCreate" was specified.
ClCompile:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX86\x64\CL.exe /c /nologo /W0 /WX- /diagnostics:classic /Od /D _MBCS /Gm- /EHsc /RTC1 /MDd /GS /fp:precise /Zc:wchar_t /Zc:forScope /Zc:inline /Fo"Debug\\" /Fd"Debug\vc141.pdb" /Gd /TC /errorReport:queue CMakeCCompilerId.c
  CMakeCCompilerId.c
Link:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX86\x64\link.exe /ERRORREPORT:QUEUE /OUT:".\CompilerIdC.exe" /INCREMENTAL:NO /NOLOGO kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /manifest:embed /PDB:".\CompilerIdC.pdb" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /TLBID:1 /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /IMPLIB:".\CompilerIdC.lib" /MACHINE:X64 Debug\CMakeCCompilerId.obj
LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib' [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
(Link target) -> 
  LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib' [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:01.04


Compiling the CXX compiler identification source file "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" failed.
Compiler:  
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 3/10/2017 11:17:22 AM.
Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
PrepareForBuild:
  Creating directory "Debug\".
  Creating directory "Debug\CompilerIdCXX.tlog\".
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Creating "Debug\CompilerIdCXX.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild" because "AlwaysCreate" was specified.
ClCompile:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX86\x64\CL.exe /c /nologo /W0 /WX- /diagnostics:classic /Od /D _MBCS /Gm- /EHsc /RTC1 /MDd /GS /fp:precise /Zc:wchar_t /Zc:forScope /Zc:inline /Fo"Debug\\" /Fd"Debug\vc141.pdb" /Gd /TP /errorReport:queue CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
  CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
Link:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX86\x64\link.exe /ERRORREPORT:QUEUE /OUT:".\CompilerIdCXX.exe" /INCREMENTAL:NO /NOLOGO kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /manifest:embed /PDB:".\CompilerIdCXX.pdb" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /TLBID:1 /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /IMPLIB:".\CompilerIdCXX.lib" /MACHINE:X64 Debug\CMakeCXXCompilerId.obj
LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib' [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
(Link target) -> 
  LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib' [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.60

所以LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib'听起来很像我需要安装更多组件 - 所以我做了：

Visual C++ runtime for UWP
Windows Universal CRT SDK

之后问题就消失了！

Answer 3

如果安装了Windows 10 Creator的更新SDK，则默认情况下不会安装桌面二进制文件，以便减小安装大小。 CMake将在编译时始终尝试使用最新的SDK，这将失败，因为它会丢失二进制文件，例如“gdi32.lib”（这是我发生的第一个错误）。

Microsoft将此列为“已知问题”，请参阅Visual C++ Desktop Known Issues。

Windows 10 Creators Update SDK已经过重构以减少默认安装足迹。当您通过安装此SDK时 UWP工作负载，它不会安装Win32所需的头/库 C ++桌面项目。

要解决此问题，您需要修改Visual Studio安装以包含Windows 10 SDK (10.0.15063.0) for Desktop组件。

Answer 4

对我来说，我之前安装了vs2015，之前的c编译器2015工作，当我安装vs2017时，得到了相同的错误can't find compiler。当我在vs2017开发人员命令中运行cmake ..时，它可以工作。我可以指定genretor到vs2015或vs2017，一切正常。

Answer 5

我遇到了类似的问题。

首先取消选中“使用C ++进行桌面开发”，然后重新选中“使用C ++进行桌面开发”即可解决。

Answer 6

Windows 10.0.17134内部版本17134； Visual Studio 2017社区（15.9.7）

已安装所有必需的组件

在我的情况下（Wireshark building），错误的工具集出现了错误。 CMake确定 v141 ，而实际版本为 v140 。

cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" -T v140,host=x64 ..

Answer 7

可以告诉我的经验。阅读CMakeFiles / CMakeError.log后发现错误

LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'MSVCRTD.lib'

还有更重要的是-警告

Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Microsoft.CppBuild.targets(402,5):
warning MSB8038: Spectre mitigation is enabled but Spectre mitigated libraries
are not found.
Verify that the Visual Studio Workload includes the Spectre mitigated libraries.

选项1 ：我无意使用“ Spectre缓解的”库，只想恢复以前的构建行为。

这意味着我们需要在默认情况下关闭生成带有相应编译标志的Visual Studio项目，因为CMake会检查编译器是否存在并且可运行。

幸好在支持论坛上找到了一个主题：https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/348985/installing-wdk-1809-enabled-spectre-mitigation-fla.html

解决方案不是很好，但是可以。将名称为“ Directory.Build.props ”的文件放入/复制到 / build 文件夹中，其内容为：

<Project>
  <PropertyGroup Label="Configuration">
    <SpectreMitigation>false</SpectreMitigation>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

这将覆盖默认的VS行为并禁用/ QSpectre编译器开关。

现在CMake的编译器测试运行通过，没有发现其他问题。

选项2：确保已安装Spectre缓解库

请参阅：

使用CMake为{2017}生成解决方案的问题

7 个答案: