这个python 3脚本假设创建一个电子邮件，将一个文件（使用它的url）附加到它并发送它。它会发送电子邮件，但create_message_with_attachment()
TypeError：Attach对具有非多部分有效负载的消息无效
我读过谷歌文档。谈论它的堆栈线程专注于花哨的附件样式，同时混淆了python版本的不同语法。
下面的代码是几个来源的拼凑而成。我很难在create_message_with_attachment()中加入他们。
例如我不知道是否应该包含它（它来自create_message_without_attachment（），它适用于此代码.Cf位于底部）
raw = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(msg.as_bytes())
raw = raw.decode()
body = {'raw': raw}
return body
带附件代码的创建邮件：
import httplib2
import os
import oauth2client
from oauth2client import client, tools
import base64
from email import encoders
#needed for attachment
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
#needed for gmail service
from apiclient import errors, discovery
#The scope URL for read/write access to the gmail api
SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send'
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_secret.json'
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Gmail API Python Send Email'
def get_credentials():
# If needed create folder for credential
home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~') #>> C:\Users\me
credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials') # >>C:\Users\me\.credentials (it's a folder)
if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
os.makedirs(credential_dir) #create folder if doesnt exist
credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir, 'gmail-python-email-send.json')
#Store the credential
store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path)
credentials = store.get()
if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
# Create a flow object. (it assists with OAuth 2.0 steps to get user authorization + credentials)
flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store)
print('Storing credentials to ' + credential_path)
return credentials
def SendMessage(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain):
credentials = get_credentials()
http = httplib2.Http() # Create an httplib2.Http object to handle our HTTP requests, and authorize it using credentials.authorize()
# http is the authorized httplib2.Http()
http = credentials.authorize(http)
service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http)
message_with_attach = create_message_without_attachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain)
SendMessageInternal(service, "me", message_with_attach)
def SendMessageInternal(service, user_id, message):
try:
message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message).execute()) ####need to get user_id before
message_ID = message['id']
print(f'Message Id: {message_ID}')
return [message, message_ID] #return value as list
except errors.HttpError as error:
print(f'An error occurred: {error}')
def create_message_with_attachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain):
# multipart container can contain other MIME parts. (attachment will be independent of the multipart/alternative)
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['To'] = to
msg['From'] = sender
msg['Subject'] = subject
# convert both part to a MIME compatible string
part1 = MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain')
part2 = MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html')
# create .txt attachment
filePath=r"C:\Users\me\Desktop\test_Attachment.txt"
myFile=open(filePath, "rb")
attachment= MIMEApplication(myFile.read())
msg.set_payload(myFile) #
myFile.close()
msg.set_payload(myFile) #
myFile.close()
#This will add a header that looks like: "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="test_Attachment.txt" "
attachment.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename = ('utf-8', '', 'test_Attachment.txt'))
# Attach parts into message container.
msg.attach(attachment)
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)
# Encode the payload using Base64.
raw = encoders.encode_base64(msg)
return raw
def main():
to = "youremail@gmail.com"
sender = "myemail@gmail.com"
subject = "subject test1"
msgHtml = r'Hi<br/>Html <b>hello</b>'
msgPlain = "Hi\nPlain Email"
message_text= "this is message text"
SendMessage(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
此功能在此代码中成功发送没有附件的电子邮件：
def create_message_without_attachment (sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain):
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = to
msg.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))
msg.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))
raw = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(msg.as_bytes())
raw = raw.decode()
body = {'raw': raw}
return body
答案 0 :(得分：2)
以下是发送带有（或没有）附件的电子邮件所需的代码（和说明）。
import httplib2
import os
import oauth2client
from oauth2client import client, tools
import base64
from email import encoders
#needed for attachment
import smtplib
import mimetypes
from email import encoders
from email.message import Message
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
#List of all mimetype per extension: http://help.dottoro.com/lapuadlp.php or http://mime.ritey.com/
from apiclient import errors, discovery #needed for gmail service
## About credentials
# There are 2 types of "credentials":
# the one created and downloaded from https://console.developers.google.com/apis/ (let's call it the client_id)
# the one that will be created from the downloaded client_id (let's call it credentials, it will be store in C:\Users\user\.credentials)
#Getting the CLIENT_ID
# 1) enable the api you need on https://console.developers.google.com/apis/
# 2) download the .json file (this is the CLIENT_ID)
# 3) save the CLIENT_ID in same folder as your script.py
# 4) update the CLIENT_SECRET_FILE (in the code below) with the CLIENT_ID filename
#Optional
# If you don't change the permission ("scope"):
#the CLIENT_ID could be deleted after creating the credential (after the first run)
# If you need to change the scope:
# you will need the CLIENT_ID each time to create a new credential that contains the new scope.
# Set a new credentials_path for the new credential (because it's another file)
def get_credentials():
# If needed create folder for credential
home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~') #>> C:\Users\Me
credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials') # >>C:\Users\Me\.credentials (it's a folder)
if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
os.makedirs(credential_dir) #create folder if doesnt exist
credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir, 'cred send mail.json')
#Store the credential
store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path)
credentials = store.get()
if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_id to send Gmail.json'
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Gmail API Python Send Email'
#The scope URL for read/write access to a user's calendar data
SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send'
# Create a flow object. (it assists with OAuth 2.0 steps to get user authorization + credentials)
flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store)
return credentials
## Get creds, prepare message and send it
def create_message_and_send(sender, to, subject, message_text_plain, message_text_html, attached_file):
credentials = get_credentials()
# Create an httplib2.Http object to handle our HTTP requests, and authorize it using credentials.authorize()
http = httplib2.Http()
# http is the authorized httplib2.Http()
http = credentials.authorize(http) #or: http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())
service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http)
## without attachment
# message_without_attachment = create_message_without_attachment(sender, to, subject, message_text_html, message_text_plain)
# send_Message_without_attachement(service, "me", message_without_attachment, message_text_plain)
## with attachment
message_with_attachment = create_Message_with_attachment(sender, to, subject, message_text_plain, message_text_html, attached_file)
send_Message_with_attachement(service, "me", message_with_attachment, message_text_plain,attached_file)
# def create_message_without_attachment (sender, to, subject, message_text_html, message_text_plain):
# #Create message container
# message = MIMEMultipart('alternative') # needed for both plain & HTML (the MIME type is multipart/alternative)
# message['Subject'] = subject
# message['From'] = sender
# message['To'] = to
# #Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version)
# message.attach(MIMEText(message_text_plain, 'plain'))
# message.attach(MIMEText(message_text_html, 'html'))
# raw_message_no_attachment = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_bytes())
# raw_message_no_attachment = raw_message_no_attachment.decode()
# body = {'raw': raw_message_no_attachment}
# return body
def create_Message_with_attachment(sender, to, subject, message_text_plain, message_text_html, attached_file):
"""Create a message for an email.
message_text: The text of the email message.
attached_file: The path to the file to be attached.
Returns:
An object containing a base64url encoded email object.
"""
##An email is composed of 3 part :
#part 1: create the message container using a dictionary { to, from, subject }
#part 2: attach the message_text with .attach() (could be plain and/or html)
#part 3(optional): an attachment added with .attach()
## Part 1
message = MIMEMultipart() #when alternative: no attach, but only plain_text
message['to'] = to
message['from'] = sender
message['subject'] = subject
## Part 2 (the message_text)
# The order count: the first (html) will be use for email, the second will be attached (unless you comment it)
message.attach(MIMEText(message_text_html, 'html'))
message.attach(MIMEText(message_text_plain, 'plain'))
## Part 3 (attachement)
# # to attach a text file you containing "test" you would do:
# # message.attach(MIMEText("test", 'plain'))
#-----About MimeTypes:
# It tells gmail which application it should use to read the attachement (it acts like an extension for windows).
# If you dont provide it, you just wont be able to read the attachement (eg. a text) within gmail. You'll have to download it to read it (windows will know how to read it with it's extension).
#-----3.1 get MimeType of attachment
#option 1: if you want to attach the same file just specify it’s mime types
#option 2: if you want to attach any file use mimetypes.guess_type(attached_file)
my_mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attached_file)
# If the extension is not recognized it will return: (None, None)
# If it's an .mp3, it will return: (audio/mp3, None) (None is for the encoding)
#for unrecognized extension it set my_mimetypes to 'application/octet-stream' (so it won't return None again).
if my_mimetype is None or encoding is not None:
my_mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'
main_type, sub_type = my_mimetype.split('/', 1)# split only at the first '/'
# if my_mimetype is audio/mp3: main_type=audio sub_type=mp3
#-----3.2 creating the attachement
#you don't really "attach" the file but you attach a variable that contains the "binary content" of the file you want to attach
#option 1: use MIMEBase for all my_mimetype (cf below) - this is the easiest one to understand
#option 2: use the specific MIME (ex for .mp3 = MIMEAudio) - it's a shorcut version of MIMEBase
#this part is used to tell how the file should be read and stored (r, or rb, etc.)
if main_type == 'text':
print("text")
temp = open(attached_file, 'r') # 'rb' will send this error: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'encode'
attachement = MIMEText(temp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
temp.close()
elif main_type == 'image':
print("image")
temp = open(attached_file, 'rb')
attachement = MIMEImage(temp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
temp.close()
elif main_type == 'audio':
print("audio")
temp = open(attached_file, 'rb')
attachement = MIMEAudio(temp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
temp.close()
elif main_type == 'application' and sub_type == 'pdf':
temp = open(attached_file, 'rb')
attachement = MIMEApplication(temp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
temp.close()
else:
attachement = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type)
temp = open(attached_file, 'rb')
attachement.set_payload(temp.read())
temp.close()
#-----3.3 encode the attachment, add a header and attach it to the message
encoders.encode_base64(attachement) #https://docs.python.org/3/library/email-examples.html
filename = os.path.basename(attached_file)
attachement.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) # name preview in email
message.attach(attachement)
## Part 4 encode the message (the message should be in bytes)
message_as_bytes = message.as_bytes() # the message should converted from string to bytes.
message_as_base64 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message_as_bytes) #encode in base64 (printable letters coding)
raw = message_as_base64.decode() # need to JSON serializable (no idea what does it means)
return {'raw': raw}
# def send_Message_without_attachement(service, user_id, body, message_text_plain):
# try:
# message_sent = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=body).execute())
# message_id = message_sent['id']
# # print(attached_file)
# print (f'Message sent (without attachment) \n\n Message Id: {message_id}\n\n Message:\n\n {message_text_plain}')
# # return body
# except errors.HttpError as error:
# print (f'An error occurred: {error}')
def send_Message_with_attachement(service, user_id, message_with_attachment, message_text_plain, attached_file):
"""Send an email message.
Args:
service: Authorized Gmail API service instance.
user_id: User's email address. The special value "me" can be used to indicate the authenticated user.
message: Message to be sent.
Returns:
Sent Message.
"""
try:
message_sent = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message_with_attachment).execute())
message_id = message_sent['id']
# print(attached_file)
# return message_sent
except errors.HttpError as error:
print (f'An error occurred: {error}')
def main():
to = "youremail@gmail.com"
sender = "myemail@gmail.com"
subject = "subject test1"
message_text_html = r'Hi<br/>Html <b>hello</b>'
message_text_plain = "Hi\nPlain Email"
attached_file = r'C:\Users\Me\Desktop\audio.m4a'
create_message_and_send(sender, to, subject, message_text_plain, message_text_html, attached_file)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()