Question

我遇到了Python列表的问题。我的代码需要3个变量（项目名称，ID，位置）的文件存储，所以我使用一个有点复杂的系统来解决这个问题。每个项目名称及其ID都存储在.txt文件中，具体取决于其位置（myLocation的位置表示它们存储在myLocation.txt中。）在文件内部，它们存储为一个每行都有名称ID对，例如：

item1, id1
item2, id2

我得到的错误是IndexError: list index out of range。我已经找到了答案，但我找不到有效的解决方案。

我的代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from time import sleep

# Set variables to be used later
loadedItems = {} # Stores loaded items (as values) and item info (as list keys)

def newItem(name, id, location):
    print("[INFO] Adding new item.")
    try:
        print("[INFO] Checking if " + str(location) + ".txt exists.")
        itemfile = open((str(location) + ".txt"), "a") # Ready to append to file if exists
        print(location + ".txt exists.")
    except:
        print("[INFO] " + str(location) + ".txt does not exist.")
        print("[INFO] Trying to create " + str(location) + ".txt.")
        try:
            itemfile = open((str(location) + ".txt"), "a+") # Creates file if it does not already exist
            print("[INFO] Created " + str(location) + ".txt.")
        except:
            print("[WARN] Could not create " + str(location) + ".txt to store items. Your item was not saved.")
            print("       Try manually creating the file with 'touch " + str(location) + ".txt'.")
            return # Exits function
    print("[INFO] Trying to write to " + str(location) + ".txt.")
    try:
        itemfile.append(str(name) + ", " + str(id) + "\n") # Write to it
        print("[INFO] Wrote to " + location + ".txt.")
    except:
        print("[WARN] Could not write to " + str(location) + ".txt. Your item was not saved.")
        return
    print("[INFO] Wrote to " + str(location) + ".txt.")
    itemfile.close() # Close file
    print("[INFO] Closed " + str(location) + ".txt.")

def loadItems():
    print("[INFO] Loading items.")
    print("[INFO] Trying to open location file.")
    try:
        locfile = open("locations.txt", "r") # Open list of all locations
        print("[INFO] Opened location file.")
    except: 
        print("[INFO] Location file does not exist, creating it.")
        locfile = open("locations.txt", "w+")
        locfile.close()
        print("[INFO] Created and closed location file. Nothing to read.")
        return # exit loadItems()
    print("[INFO] Reading location file.")
    locations = locfile.read().split("\n") # List of locations
    print("[INFO] Read location file. Found " + str(len(locations)) + " locations.")
    locfile.close() # Close location file

    emptyLocs = 0
    emptyItems = 0
    for loc in locations:
        if loc != '': # NOT a blank location
            itemfile = open(loc) # Open location specified in location file
            localItems = itemfile.read().split("\n") # Get list of items and their ids
            print("[DEBUG] localItems: " + str(localItems)) # For debugging purposes, to be removed
            del localItems[-1] # Removes last item from localItems (it is a blank line!)
            print("[DEBUG] localItems: " + str(localItems)) # For debugging purposes, to be removed
            for localItem in localItems: # localItem is misleading, it's actually a list with item name AND id.
                itemInfoToLoad = localItem.split(", ") # Make list with 1st = name and 2nd = id
                loadedItems[itemInfoToLoad[1]] = [itemInfoToLoad[2], ''.join(loc.split())[:-4]] # explained below
                """
                    Explanation of above: create a new key in loadedItems with the name of
                    itemInfoToLoad[1], which is the item name. Set its value to a list that
                    is [id, location]. The ''.join(loc.split())[:-3] is to remove the .txt
                    extension (and any trailing whitespace) so we go from myAwesomeLocation.txt
                    to myAwesomeLocation. Bazinga.
                """
        elif loc == '': # Blank location
            sleep(0.1)
            emptyLocs = (emptyLocs + 1)
    print("[INFO] Loaded variables. Found " + str(emptyLocs) + " empty location entries and " + str(emptyItems) + " empty items.")

loadItems()

这是我的输出：

[INFO] Loading items.
[INFO] Trying to open location file.
[INFO] Opened location file.
[INFO] Reading location file.
[INFO] Read location file. Found 2 locations.
[DEBUG] localItems: ['item1, id1', 'item2, id2', '']
[DEBUG] localItems: ['item1, id1', 'item2, id2']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 76, in <module>
    loadItems()
  File "main.py", line 63, in loadItems
    loadedItems[itemInfoToLoad[1]] = [itemInfoToLoad[2], ''.join(loc.split())[:-4]] # explained below
IndexError: list index out of range

这似乎很奇怪。非常感谢任何提供帮助的人。

Answer 1

我想在这一行：

loadedItems[itemInfoToLoad[1]] = [itemInfoToLoad[2], ''.join(loc.split())[:-4]] # explained below

你需要：

loadedItems[itemInfoToLoad[0]] = [itemInfoToLoad[1], ''.join(loc.split())[:-4]] # explained below

因为列表中只有两个元素

检查loc.split，因为代码中有[：-4]，解释中有[：-3]

IndexError：列表索引超出范围（Python 3）

1 个答案: