我尝试创建一个具有&optional
参数且默认值的lisp宏。不幸的是,根据是从默认值还是从提供给宏的参数读取参数,对参数的处理方式也不同。下面的代码片段重现了这个问题:
(setf table1 '((1 2 3)
(4 5 6))
table2 '((10 20 30)
(40 50 60)))
(defmacro test-lambda (f &optional (tableau table1))
`(list ,f ,tableau))
? (test-lambda 0 table2) ;; This works...
(0 ((10 20 30) (40 50 60)))
? (test-lambda 0) ;; ...but this doesn't
> Error: Car of ((1 2 3) (4 5 6)) is not a function name or lambda-expression.
> While executing: CCL::CHEAP-EVAL-IN-ENVIRONMENT, in process listener(1).
> Type :POP to abort, :R for a list of available restarts.
> Type :? for other options.
1 >
我不太清楚为什么宏在第二种情况下不能使用默认值。是否有更好的方法来编写此代码或至少是一种解决方法?
谢谢,
答案 0 :(得分:6)
您需要引用默认参数值:
(defmacro test-lambda-1 (f &optional (tableau 'table1))
`(list ,f ,tableau))
(test-lambda-1 0)
==> (0 ((1 2 3) (4 5 6)))
您需要考虑how Common Lisp evaluates your code:当它看到(test-lambda ...)
时,它就是
让我们试一试:
(macroexpand '(test-lambda 0))
==> (LIST 0 ((1 2 3) (4 5 6))) ; T
(macroexpand '(test-lambda-1 0))
==> (LIST 0 TABLE1) ; T
(macroexpand '(test-lambda 0 table2))
==> (LIST 0 TABLE2) ; T
(macroexpand '(test-lambda-1 0 table2))
==> (LIST 0 TABLE2) ; T
现在您可以看到错误的来源:您没有引用参数的默认值,因此它被评估了两次。