我试图在Python中测试装饰器的实用程序。当我写下面的代码时,出现错误:
TypeError: fizz_buzz_or_number() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given
我首先将函数log_calls(fn)
定义为
def log_calls(fn):
''' Wraps fn in a function named "inner" that writes
the arguments and return value to logfile.log '''
def inner(*args, **kwargs):
# Call the function with the received arguments and
# keyword arguments, storing the return value
out = fn(args, kwargs)
# Write a line with the function name, its
# arguments, and its return value to the log file
with open('logfile.log', 'a') as logfile:
logfile.write(
'%s called with args %s and kwargs %s, returning %s\n' %
(fn.__name__, args, kwargs, out))
# Return the return value
return out
return inner
之后,我使用log_calls来装饰另一个函数:
@log_calls
def fizz_buzz_or_number(i):
''' Return "fizz" if i is divisible by 3, "buzz" if by
5, and "fizzbuzz" if both; otherwise, return i. '''
if i % 15 == 0:
return 'fizzbuzz'
elif i % 3 == 0:
return 'fizz'
elif i % 5 == 0:
return 'buzz'
else:
return i
当我运行以下代码时
for i in range(1, 31):
print(fizz_buzz_or_number(i))
错误TypeError: fizz_buzz_or_number() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given
来了。
我不知道这个装饰器有什么问题,以及如何解决这个问题。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
你在这里传递2个参数到你的装饰函数:
out = fn(args, kwargs)
如果您想将args
元组和kwargs
字典应用为变量参数,请回显函数签名语法,因此请再次使用*
和**
:
out = fn(*args, **kwargs)
请参阅Call expressions reference documentation:
如果函数调用中出现语法
*expression
,则表达式必须求值为iterable。来自这些迭代的元素被视为它们是附加的位置参数。[...]
如果语法
**expression
出现在函数调用中,则表达式必须求值为映射,其内容将被视为附加关键字参数。