在PowerShell中调用泛型静态方法

时间:2010-11-22 03:19:41

标签: c# powershell generics powershell-v2.0

如何在Powershell中调用自定义类的通用静态方法?

鉴于以下课程:

public class Sample
{
    public static string MyMethod<T>( string anArgument )
    {
        return string.Format( "Generic type is {0} with argument {1}", typeof(T), anArgument );
    }
}

这被编译成一个程序集'Classes.dll'并加载到PowerShell中,如下所示:

Add-Type -Path "Classes.dll"

调用MyMethod方法的最简单方法是什么?

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:14)

正如@Athari所说,调用MyMethod的最简单方法是使用MakeGenericMethod。由于他实际上并没有说明如何做到这一点,因此这是一个经过验证的工作代码示例:

$obj = New-Object Sample

$obj.GetType().GetMethod("MyMethod").MakeGenericMethod([String]).Invoke($obj, "Test Message")
$obj.GetType().GetMethod("MyMethod").MakeGenericMethod([Double]).Invoke($obj, "Test Message")

带输出

Generic type is System.String with argument Test Message
Generic type is System.Double with argument Test Message

答案 1 :(得分:12)

您可以调用泛型方法,请参阅帖子Invoking Generic Methods on Non-Generic Classes in PowerShell

这不是直截了当的,您需要使用MakeGenericMethod函数。如果方法没有覆盖,则非常简单,如果方法没有,则会变得更加困难。

以防万一,从那里复制粘贴的代码:

## Invoke-GenericMethod.ps1 
## Invoke a generic method on a non-generic type: 
## 
## Usage: 
## 
##   ## Load the DLL that contains our class
##   [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFile("c:\temp\GenericClass.dll")
##
##   ## Invoke a generic method on a non-generic instance
##   $nonGenericClass = New-Object NonGenericClass
##   Invoke-GenericMethod $nonGenericClass GenericMethod String "How are you?"
##
##   ## Including one with multiple arguments
##   Invoke-GenericMethod $nonGenericClass GenericMethod String ("How are you?",5)
##
##   ## Ivoke a generic static method on a type
##   Invoke-GenericMethod ([NonGenericClass]) GenericStaticMethod String "How are you?"
## 

param(
    $instance = $(throw "Please provide an instance on which to invoke the generic method"),
    [string] $methodName = $(throw "Please provide a method name to invoke"),
    [string[]] $typeParameters = $(throw "Please specify the type parameters"),
    [object[]] $methodParameters = $(throw "Please specify the method parameters")
    ) 

## Determine if the types in $set1 match the types in $set2, replacing generic
## parameters in $set1 with the types in $genericTypes
function ParameterTypesMatch([type[]] $set1, [type[]] $set2, [type[]] $genericTypes)
{
    $typeReplacementIndex = 0
    $currentTypeIndex = 0

    ## Exit if the set lengths are different
    if($set1.Count -ne $set2.Count)
    {
        return $false
    }

    ## Go through each of the types in the first set
    foreach($type in $set1)
    {
        ## If it is a generic parameter, then replace it with a type from
        ## the $genericTypes list
        if($type.IsGenericParameter)
        {
            $type = $genericTypes[$typeReplacementIndex]
            $typeReplacementIndex++
        }

        ## Check that the current type (i.e.: the original type, or replacement
        ## generic type) matches the type from $set2
        if($type -ne $set2[$currentTypeIndex])
        {
            return $false
        }
        $currentTypeIndex++
    }

    return $true
}

## Convert the type parameters into actual types
[type[]] $typedParameters = $typeParameters

## Determine the type that we will call the generic method on. Initially, assume
## that it is actually a type itself.
$type = $instance

## If it is not, then it is a real object, and we can call its GetType() method
if($instance -isnot "Type")
{
    $type = $instance.GetType()
}

## Search for the method that:
##    - has the same name
##    - is public
##    - is a generic method
##    - has the same parameter types
foreach($method in $type.GetMethods())
{
    # Write-Host $method.Name
    if(($method.Name -eq $methodName) -and
    ($method.IsPublic) -and
    ($method.IsGenericMethod))
    {
        $parameterTypes = @($method.GetParameters() | % { $_.ParameterType })
        $methodParameterTypes = @($methodParameters | % { $_.GetType() })
        if(ParameterTypesMatch $parameterTypes $methodParameterTypes $typedParameters)
        {
            ## Create a closed representation of it
            $newMethod = $method.MakeGenericMethod($typedParameters)

            ## Invoke the method
            $newMethod.Invoke($instance, $methodParameters)

            return
        }
    }
}

## Return an error if we couldn't find that method
throw "Could not find method $methodName"

答案 2 :(得分:5)

这是PowerShell的限制,无法直接在PowerShell V1或V2 AFAIK中完成。

BTW你的通用方法并不是通用的。不应该是:

public static string MyMethod<T>(T anArgument)
{ 
   return string.Format( "Generic type is {0} with argument {1}", 
                         typeof(T), anArgument.ToString()); 
} 

如果您拥有此代码并希望在PowerShell中使用它,请避免使用泛型方法或编写非泛型C#包装器方法。

答案 3 :(得分:2)

好消息是PowerShell v3在绑定泛型方法方面要好得多(并且通过它们来实现?)而且你通常不需要做任何特殊的事情,而是像普通方法一样调用它。我无法指定现在可以使用的所有条件,但根据我的经验,某些具有通用参数的情况仍然需要解决方法,即使在PowerShell v4中(可能是存在或重载或类似的东西)。

同样,我有时也会将泛型参数传递给方法...例如传递Func<T1, T2, TResult>参数。

对我来说,一个解决方法比MakeGenericMethod简单得多,或者其他方法只是在我的脚本中直接放置一个快速的C#包装类,让C#整理出所有通用映射......

以下是包含Enumerable.Zip方法的此方法的示例。在这个例子中,我的c#类根本不是通用的,但严格来说并不是必需的。

Add-Type @'
using System.Linq;
public class Zipper
{
    public static object[] Zip(object[] first, object[] second)
    {
        return first.Zip(second, (f,s) => new { f , s}).ToArray();
    }
}
'@
$a = 1..4;
[string[]]$b = "a","b","c","d";
[Zipper]::Zip($a, $b);

这会产生:

 f s
 - -
 1 a
 2 b
 3 c
 4 d

我确信有更好的PowerShell方法来“拉”两个阵列,但你明白了。我在这里提出的真正挑战是对Zip进行硬编码(在C#类中)第3个参数,所以我不必弄清楚如何传入Func<T1, T2, TResult>(也许有PowerShell方法也可以这样做吗?)。

答案 4 :(得分:1)

快速方式,如果没有名称冲突:

[Sample]::"MyMethod"("arg")