类路径包含多个SLF4J绑定错误

Question

在tring运行gradle build

时出现此错误

我理解版本冲突但不确定如何解决它以及

要排除的版本......

gradle依赖树是：

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/C:/Users/i/.gradle/caches/modules-
2/files-2.1/org.slf4j/slf4j- 
log4j12/1.6.1/bd245d6746cdd4e6203e976e21d597a46f115802/slf4j-log4j12-
1.6.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in   
[jar:file:/C:/Users/i/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-
2.1/ch.qos.logback/logback- 
classic/1.1.3/d90276fff414f06cb375f2057f6778cd63c6082f/logback-classic-
1.1.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an    
explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Detected both log4j-over-slf4j.jar AND slf4j-log4j12.jar on the class    
path, preempting StackOverflowError. 


 compile - Compile classpath for source set 'main'.
 +--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 |    \--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-yaml:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 |    \--- org.yaml:snakeyaml:1.15
 +--- org.projectlombok:lombok:1.16.10
 +--- javax.validation:validation-api:1.1.0.Final
 +--- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.4
 +--- org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:1.6.1
 |    |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    |    \--- log4j:log4j:1.2.16
 |    +--- log4j:log4j:1.2.15 -> 1.2.16
 |    +--- jline:jline:0.9.94
 |    |    \--- junit:junit:3.8.1
 |    \--- org.jboss.netty:netty:3.2.2.Final
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.5 -> 4.4.6
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.3
 |    +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.6
 |    +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2
 |    \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.9
 +--- commons-io:commons-io:2.5
 +--- org.jdom:jdom2:2.0.5
 \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.21

 default - Configuration for default artifacts.
 +--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 |    \--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-yaml:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 |    \--- org.yaml:snakeyaml:1.15
 +--- org.projectlombok:lombok:1.16.10
 +--- javax.validation:validation-api:1.1.0.Final
 +--- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.4
 +--- org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:1.6.1
 |    |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    |    \--- log4j:log4j:1.2.16
 |    +--- log4j:log4j:1.2.15 -> 1.2.16
 |    +--- jline:jline:0.9.94
 |    |    \--- junit:junit:3.8.1
 |    \--- org.jboss.netty:netty:3.2.2.Final
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.5 -> 4.4.6
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.3
 |    +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.6
 |    +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2
 |    \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.9
 +--- commons-io:commons-io:2.5
 +--- org.jdom:jdom2:2.0.5
 \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.21

 runtime - Runtime classpath for source set 'main'.
 +--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 |    \--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-yaml:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 |    \--- org.yaml:snakeyaml:1.15
 +--- org.projectlombok:lombok:1.16.10
 +--- javax.validation:validation-api:1.1.0.Final
 +--- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.4
 +--- org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:1.6.1
 |    |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    |    \--- log4j:log4j:1.2.16
 |    +--- log4j:log4j:1.2.15 -> 1.2.16
 |    +--- jline:jline:0.9.94
 |    |    \--- junit:junit:3.8.1
 |    \--- org.jboss.netty:netty:3.2.2.Final
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.5 -> 4.4.6
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.3
 |    +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.6
 |    +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2
 |    \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.9
 +--- commons-io:commons-io:2.5
 +--- org.jdom:jdom2:2.0.5
 \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.21

 testCompile - Compile classpath for source set 'test'.
 +--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 |    \--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-yaml:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 |    \--- org.yaml:snakeyaml:1.15
 +--- org.projectlombok:lombok:1.16.10
 +--- javax.validation:validation-api:1.1.0.Final
 +--- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.4
 +--- org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:1.6.1
 |    |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    |    \--- log4j:log4j:1.2.16
 |    +--- log4j:log4j:1.2.15 -> 1.2.16
 |    +--- jline:jline:0.9.94
 |    |    \--- junit:junit:3.8.1 -> 4.11
 |    |         \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
 |    \--- org.jboss.netty:netty:3.2.2.Final
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.5 -> 4.4.6
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.3
 |    +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.6
 |    +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2
 |    \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.9
 +--- commons-io:commons-io:2.5
 +--- org.jdom:jdom2:2.0.5
 +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.21
 \--- junit:junit:4.11 (*)

 testRuntime - Runtime classpath for source set 'test'.
 +--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 |    \--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.0
 +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-yaml:2.6.0
 |    +--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.0
 |    \--- org.yaml:snakeyaml:1.15
 +--- org.projectlombok:lombok:1.16.10
 +--- javax.validation:validation-api:1.1.0.Final
 +--- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.4
 +--- org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:1.6.1
 |    |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    |    \--- log4j:log4j:1.2.16
 |    +--- log4j:log4j:1.2.15 -> 1.2.16
 |    +--- jline:jline:0.9.94
 |    |    \--- junit:junit:3.8.1 -> 4.11
 |    |         \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
 |    \--- org.jboss.netty:netty:3.2.2.Final
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.5 -> 4.4.6
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.3
 |    +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.6
 |    +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2
 |    \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.9
 +--- commons-io:commons-io:2.5
 +--- org.jdom:jdom2:2.0.5
 +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.21
 \--- junit:junit:4.11 (*)

但我甚至不知道怎么读它......

你可以帮忙吗？

Answer 1

首先，SLF4J是一个简单的 facade ，适用于各种日志框架（例如java.util.logging，logback，log4j），允许最终用户插入所需的日志框架在部署时。

用简单的词语是什么意思？

当您使用SLF4J时，您的代码将依赖于SLF4J（SLF4J-API）提供的一个常见日志记录界面，另一方面，您将选择的日志框架插入SLF4J，这将允许您切换不同的日志记录框架很容易。

因此，在使用SLF4J Facade时，您在代码中使用的所有日志记录调用都将委派给底层日志记录框架。

从插图中可以看出，您的应用每次都使用一个具有不同日志框架的公共API接口SLF4J API。

现在，让我们看看您的Gradle输出：

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/C:/Users/i/.gradle/caches/modules-
2/files-2.1/org.slf4j/slf4j- 
log4j12/1.6.1/bd245d6746cdd4e6203e976e21d597a46f115802/slf4j-log4j12-
1.6.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in   
[jar:file:/C:/Users/i/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-
2.1/ch.qos.logback/logback- 
classic/1.1.3/d90276fff414f06cb375f2057f6778cd63c6082f/logback-classic-
1.1.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an    
explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Detected both log4j-over-slf4j.jar AND slf4j-log4j12.jar on the class    
path, preempting StackOverflowError. 

这是两个不同的SLF4J日志框架绑定的情况，第一个是 org.slf4j / slf4j-log4j12 ，它是LOG4J logging framework绑定，第二个是< strong> ch.qos.logback / logback-classic ，这是Logback logging framework，SLFJ API的原生实现。

因此，为了解决您的问题，您需要在类路径中排除其中一个。

具体来说，有问题的工件是org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5，所以让我们排除其中一个日志框架：

dependencies {
    compile('org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5') {
        exclude group: 'ch.qos.logback', module: 'logback-classic'
    }
    //...
}

参考：SLF4J manual

Answer 2

正如@Vampire所说，这看起来像是buildscript类路径而不是compile或runtime配置的问题。它可能可以通过

修复

buildscript {
    configurations {
        classpath {
            exclude group: 'ch.qos.logback', module: 'logback-classic'
            // OR
            exclude group: 'org.slf4j', module: 'slf4j-log4j12'
        }
    }
    dependencies { ... }
} 

Answer 3

尝试了几件事之后，链接中问题的答案对我有用。

Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings with Gradle

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.eachDependency { DependencyResolveDetails details ->
        if (details.requested.name == 'log4j') {
            details.useTarget 'log4j:log4j:1.2.+'
        }
    }
}

Answer 4

您的依赖项动物园还包含org.slf4j:slf4j-api依赖项。所以只需将其排除

+--- org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21
 |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:1.6.1
 |    |    +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.6.1 -> 1.7.21    # <-- dependency includes slf4j-api
 |    |    \--- log4j:log4j:1.2.16
 |    +--- log4j:log4j:1.2.15 -> 1.2.16
 |    +--- jline:jline:0.9.94
 |    |    \--- junit:junit:3.8.1
 |    \--- org.jboss.netty:netty:3.2.2.Final
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.5 -> 4.4.6
 +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.3
 |    +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.6
 |    +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2
 |    \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.9
 +--- commons-io:commons-io:2.5
 +--- org.jdom:jdom2:2.0.5
 +--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.21  # <-- Also included as a first tier dependency

在build.gradle中，只需将其从zookeeper lib。

中排除

dependencies {
    compile('org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.4.5') {
        // exclude transitive logging dependency from zookeeper
        exclude group: 'org.slf4j'
        // might need to exclude log4j, not sure?
        exclude group: 'log4j', module: 'log4j'
    }
    // .. other dependencies
}