列表列表的排列

时间:2010-11-20 16:35:00

标签: python

我有一个这样的清单:

l = [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b'], ['g', 'h', 'r', 'w']]

我想从每个列表中选择一个元素并将它们组合成一个字符串。

例如:'aag','aah','aar','aaw','abg','abh'....

但是,在程序运行之前,列表l的长度和每个内部列表的长度都是未知的。那我怎么能想要我想要的呢?

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:15)

取一个previous solution并改为使用itertools.product(*l)

答案 1 :(得分:7)

如果有人对算法感兴趣,这是使用递归查找组合的一种非常简单的方法:

 l = [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b'], ['g', 'h', 'r', 'w']]
 def permu(lists, prefix=''):
      if not lists:
           print prefix
           return
      first = lists[0]
      rest = lists[1:]
      for letter in first:
           permu(rest, prefix + letter)
 permu(l)

答案 2 :(得分:1)

使用itertools.product非常简单:

>>> import itertools
>>> list(itertools.product("abc", "ab", "ghrw"))
[('a', 'a', 'g'), ('a', 'a', 'h'), ('a', 'a', 'r'), ('a', 'a', 'w'), ('a', 'b', 'g'), ('a', 'b', 'h'), ('a', 'b', 'r'), ('a', 'b', 'w'), ('b', 'a', 'g'), ('b', 'a', 'h'), ('b', 'a', 'r'), ('b', 'a', 'w'), ('b', 'b', 'g'), ('b', 'b', 'h'), ('b', 'b', 'r'), ('b', 'b', 'w'), ('c', 'a', 'g'), ('c', 'a', 'h'), ('c', 'a', 'r'), ('c', 'a', 'w'), ('c', 'b', 'g'), ('c', 'b', 'h'), ('c', 'b', 'r'), ('c', 'b', 'w')]

答案 3 :(得分:1)

使用递归

def permutenew(l):
if len(l)==1:
    return l[0]
else:   
    lnew=[]
    for a in l[0]:
        for b in permutenew(l[1:]):
            lnew.append(a+b)
    return lnew

l = [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b'], ['g', 'h', 'r', 'w']]
print permutenew(l)

答案 4 :(得分:1)

JasonWoof's answer的小猪退缩。以下将创建列表而不是打印。请注意,这可能会非常慢,因为它需要大量内存来存储值。

from __future__ import print_function
import itertools # Not actually used in the code below

def permu(lists):
    def fn(lists, group=[], result=[]):
        if not lists:
            result.append(group)
            return
        first, rest = lists[0], lists[1:]
        for letter in first:
            fn(rest, group + [letter], result)
    result = []
    fn(lists, result=result)
    return result

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ll = [ [[1, 2, 3], [5, 10], [42]],
           [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b'], ['g', 'h', 'r', 'w']] ]
    nth = lambda i: 'Permutation #{0}:\n{1}'.format(i, '-'*16)

    # Note: permu(list) can be replaced with itertools.product(*l)
    [[print(p) for p in [nth(i)]+permu(l)+['\n']] for i,l in enumerate(ll)]

结果

Permutation #0:
----------------
[1, 5, 42]
[1, 10, 42]
[2, 5, 42]
[2, 10, 42]
[3, 5, 42]
[3, 10, 42]


Permutation #1:
----------------
['a', 'a', 'g']
['a', 'a', 'h']
['a', 'a', 'r']
['a', 'a', 'w']
['a', 'b', 'g']
['a', 'b', 'h']
['a', 'b', 'r']
['a', 'b', 'w']
['b', 'a', 'g']
['b', 'a', 'h']
['b', 'a', 'r']
['b', 'a', 'w']
['b', 'b', 'g']
['b', 'b', 'h']
['b', 'b', 'r']
['b', 'b', 'w']
['c', 'a', 'g']
['c', 'a', 'h']
['c', 'a', 'r']
['c', 'a', 'w']
['c', 'b', 'g']
['c', 'b', 'h']
['c', 'b', 'r']
['c', 'b', 'w']

以下是itertools.product(*iterables[, repeat])的等效替代:

  

此函数等效于以下代码,但实际实现不会在内存中构建中间结果:

def product(*args, **kwds):
    pools = map(tuple, args) * kwds.get('repeat', 1)
    result = [[]]
    for pool in pools:
        result = [x+[y] for x in result for y in pool]
    for prod in result:
        yield tuple(prod)

答案 5 :(得分:0)

你去吧

reduce(lambda a,b: [i+j for i in a for j in b], l)

OUT: ['aag', 'aah', 'aar', 'aaw', 'abg', 'abh', 'abr', 'abw', 'bag', 'bah', 'bar', 'baw', 'bbg', 'bbh', 'bbr', 'bbw', 'cag', 'cah', 'car', 'caw', 'cbg', 'cbh', 'cbr', 'cbw']

如果您想重复使用/再生:

def opOnCombos(a,b, op=operator.add):
    return [op(i,j) for i in a for j in b]

def f(x):
    return lambda a,b: opOnCombo(a,b,x)

reduce(opOnCombos, l) //same as before
reduce(f(operator.mul), l))  //multiply combos of several integer list