我有一个这样的清单:
l = [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b'], ['g', 'h', 'r', 'w']]
我想从每个列表中选择一个元素并将它们组合成一个字符串。
例如:'aag','aah','aar','aaw','abg','abh'....
但是,在程序运行之前,列表l的长度和每个内部列表的长度都是未知的。那我怎么能想要我想要的呢?
答案 0 :(得分:15)
取一个previous solution并改为使用itertools.product(*l)
。
答案 1 :(得分:7)
如果有人对算法感兴趣,这是使用递归查找组合的一种非常简单的方法:
l = [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b'], ['g', 'h', 'r', 'w']]
def permu(lists, prefix=''):
if not lists:
print prefix
return
first = lists[0]
rest = lists[1:]
for letter in first:
permu(rest, prefix + letter)
permu(l)
答案 2 :(得分:1)
使用itertools.product非常简单:
>>> import itertools
>>> list(itertools.product("abc", "ab", "ghrw"))
[('a', 'a', 'g'), ('a', 'a', 'h'), ('a', 'a', 'r'), ('a', 'a', 'w'), ('a', 'b', 'g'), ('a', 'b', 'h'), ('a', 'b', 'r'), ('a', 'b', 'w'), ('b', 'a', 'g'), ('b', 'a', 'h'), ('b', 'a', 'r'), ('b', 'a', 'w'), ('b', 'b', 'g'), ('b', 'b', 'h'), ('b', 'b', 'r'), ('b', 'b', 'w'), ('c', 'a', 'g'), ('c', 'a', 'h'), ('c', 'a', 'r'), ('c', 'a', 'w'), ('c', 'b', 'g'), ('c', 'b', 'h'), ('c', 'b', 'r'), ('c', 'b', 'w')]
答案 3 :(得分:1)
使用递归
def permutenew(l):
if len(l)==1:
return l[0]
else:
lnew=[]
for a in l[0]:
for b in permutenew(l[1:]):
lnew.append(a+b)
return lnew
l = [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b'], ['g', 'h', 'r', 'w']]
print permutenew(l)
答案 4 :(得分:1)
JasonWoof's answer的小猪退缩。以下将创建列表而不是打印。请注意,这可能会非常慢,因为它需要大量内存来存储值。
from __future__ import print_function
import itertools # Not actually used in the code below
def permu(lists):
def fn(lists, group=[], result=[]):
if not lists:
result.append(group)
return
first, rest = lists[0], lists[1:]
for letter in first:
fn(rest, group + [letter], result)
result = []
fn(lists, result=result)
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
ll = [ [[1, 2, 3], [5, 10], [42]],
[['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b'], ['g', 'h', 'r', 'w']] ]
nth = lambda i: 'Permutation #{0}:\n{1}'.format(i, '-'*16)
# Note: permu(list) can be replaced with itertools.product(*l)
[[print(p) for p in [nth(i)]+permu(l)+['\n']] for i,l in enumerate(ll)]
结果
Permutation #0:
----------------
[1, 5, 42]
[1, 10, 42]
[2, 5, 42]
[2, 10, 42]
[3, 5, 42]
[3, 10, 42]
Permutation #1:
----------------
['a', 'a', 'g']
['a', 'a', 'h']
['a', 'a', 'r']
['a', 'a', 'w']
['a', 'b', 'g']
['a', 'b', 'h']
['a', 'b', 'r']
['a', 'b', 'w']
['b', 'a', 'g']
['b', 'a', 'h']
['b', 'a', 'r']
['b', 'a', 'w']
['b', 'b', 'g']
['b', 'b', 'h']
['b', 'b', 'r']
['b', 'b', 'w']
['c', 'a', 'g']
['c', 'a', 'h']
['c', 'a', 'r']
['c', 'a', 'w']
['c', 'b', 'g']
['c', 'b', 'h']
['c', 'b', 'r']
['c', 'b', 'w']
以下是itertools.product(*iterables[, repeat])
的等效替代:
此函数等效于以下代码,但实际实现不会在内存中构建中间结果:
def product(*args, **kwds): pools = map(tuple, args) * kwds.get('repeat', 1) result = [[]] for pool in pools: result = [x+[y] for x in result for y in pool] for prod in result: yield tuple(prod)
答案 5 :(得分:0)
你去吧
reduce(lambda a,b: [i+j for i in a for j in b], l)
OUT: ['aag', 'aah', 'aar', 'aaw', 'abg', 'abh', 'abr', 'abw', 'bag', 'bah', 'bar', 'baw', 'bbg', 'bbh', 'bbr', 'bbw', 'cag', 'cah', 'car', 'caw', 'cbg', 'cbh', 'cbr', 'cbw']
如果您想重复使用/再生:
def opOnCombos(a,b, op=operator.add):
return [op(i,j) for i in a for j in b]
def f(x):
return lambda a,b: opOnCombo(a,b,x)
reduce(opOnCombos, l) //same as before
reduce(f(operator.mul), l)) //multiply combos of several integer list