说我有这样的架构:
class MySchema(Schema):
field_1 = Float()
field_2 = Float()
...
field_42 = Float()
有没有办法以编程方式将这些字段添加到类中?
这样的事情:
class MyClass(BaseClass):
FIELDS = ('field_1', 'field_2',..., 'field_42')
for field in FIELDS:
setattr(?, field, Float()) # What do I replace this "?" with?
我见过关于动态向类实例添加属性的帖子,但这是不同的,因为
同样的问题可能适用于其他模型定义库,如ODM / ORM(uMongo / MongoEngine,SQL Alchemy,...)
答案 0 :(得分:10)
您需要做的就是使用 type()函数来构建具有您想要的任何属性的类:
MySchema = type('MySchema', (marshmallow.Schema,), {
attr: marshmallow.fields.Float()
for attr in FIELDS
})
您甚至可以在那里使用不同类型的字段:
fields = {}
fields['foo'] = marshmallow.fields.Float()
fields['bar'] = marshmallow.fields.String()
MySchema = type('MySchema', (marshmallow.Schema,), fields)
或作为自定义的基础:
class MySchema(type('_MySchema', (marshmallow.Schema,), fields)):
@marshmallow.post_dump
def update_something(self, data):
pass
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我设法通过继承默认的元类来完成它:
class MySchemaMeta(SchemaMeta):
@classmethod
def get_declared_fields(mcs, klass, cls_fields, inherited_fields, dict_cls):
fields = super().get_declared_fields(klass, cls_fields, inherited_fields, dict_cls)
FIELDS = ('field_1', 'field_2',..., 'field_42')
for field in FIELDS:
fields.update({fluid: Float()})
return fields
class MySchema(Schema, metaclass=MySchemaMeta):
class Meta:
strict = True
我使这更通用:
class DynamicSchemaOpts(SchemaOpts):
def __init__(self, meta):
super().__init__(meta)
self.auto_fields = getattr(meta, 'auto_fields', [])
class DynamicSchemaMeta(SchemaMeta):
@classmethod
def get_declared_fields(mcs, klass, cls_fields, inherited_fields, dict_cls):
fields = super().get_declared_fields(klass, cls_fields, inherited_fields, dict_cls)
for auto_field_list in klass.opts.auto_fields:
field_names, field = auto_field_list
field_cls = field['cls']
field_args = field.get('args', [])
field_kwargs = field.get('kwargs', {})
for field_name in field_names:
fields.update({field_name: field_cls(*field_args, **field_kwargs)})
return fields
class MySchema(Schema, metaclass=DynamicSchemaMeta):
OPTIONS_CLASS = DynamicSchemaOpts
class Meta:
strict = True
auto_fields = [
(FIELDS,
{'cls': Float}),
]
我没写
class Meta:
strict = True
auto_fields = [
(FIELDS, Float()),
]
因为那时所有这些字段都会共享相同的Field
实例。
必须单独指定Field
及其args / kwargs:
class Meta:
strict = True
auto_fields = [
(FIELDS,
{'cls': Nested,
'args': (MyEmbeddedSchema),
'kwargs': {'required': True}
}),
]
由于多个字段共享同一个实例,我没有任何示例用例失败,但听起来不安全。如果这种预防措施毫无用处,那么代码可以简化并提高可读性:
class Meta:
strict = True
auto_fields = [
(FIELDS, Nested(MyEmbeddedSchema, required=True)),
]
显然,这个答案特定于Marshmallow,不适用于其他ODM / ORM库。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
类别Meta范例类使您可以指定要使用的属性 要序列化。棉花糖将选择适当的字段类型 根据属性的类型。
class MySchema(Schema):
class Meta:
fields = ('field_1', 'field_2', ..., 'field_42')
...
答案 3 :(得分:1)
以下方法适用于我。
我已经使用Marshmallow-SQLAlchemy进行了演示,因为我不确定普通的棉花糖是否需要这样的东西-在3.0.0版中,使用from_dict
以编程方式创建模式非常简单。但是您当然可以将这些概念与普通棉花糖一起使用。
在这里,我使用Marshmallow-SQLAlchemy来推断大多数模式,然后以编程方式对几个字段进行特殊处理。
import enum
from marshmallow_enum import EnumField
from marshmallow_sqlalchemy import ModelSchema
from sqlalchemy import Column
from sqlalchemy import Enum
from sqlalchemy import Integer
from sqlalchemy import String
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
BaseResource = declarative_base()
class CustomEnum(enum.Enum):
VALUE_1 = "the first value"
VALUE_2 = "the second value"
class ExampleResource(BaseResource):
__tablename__ = "example_resource"
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
enum_field = Column(Enum(CustomEnum), nullable=False)
title = Column(String)
string_two = Column(String)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(ExampleResource, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def generate_schema(class_, serialization_fields, serialization_fields_excluded):
"""A method for programmatically generating schema.
Args:
class_ (class): the class to generate the schema for
serialization_fields (dict): key-value pairs with the field name and its Marshmallow `Field`
serialization_fields_excluded (tuple): fields to exclude
Returns:
schema (marshmallow.schema.Schema): the generated schema
"""
class MarshmallowBaseSchema(object):
pass
if serialization_fields is not None:
for field, marshmallow_field in serialization_fields.items():
setattr(MarshmallowBaseSchema, field, marshmallow_field)
class MarshmallowSchema(MarshmallowBaseSchema, ModelSchema):
class Meta:
model = class_
exclude = serialization_fields_excluded
return MarshmallowSchema
generated_schema = generate_schema(
class_=ExampleResource,
# I'm using a special package to handle the field `enum_field`
serialization_fields=dict(enum_field=EnumField(CustomEnum, by_value=True, required=True)),
# I'm excluding the field `string_two`
serialization_fields_excluded=("string_two",),
)
example_resource = ExampleResource(
id=1,
enum_field=CustomEnum.VALUE_2,
title="A Title",
string_two="This will be ignored."
)
print(generated_schema().dump(example_resource))
# {'title': 'A Title', 'id': 1, 'enum_field': 'the second value'}
有必要将MarshmallowBaseSchema
定义为一个普通对象,添加所有字段,然后从该类继承,因为棉花糖模式会在init上初始化所有字段(特别是_init_fields()
),因此这种继承模式可确保当时所有字段都在那里。
答案 4 :(得分:0)
您可以使用 marshmallow.Schema.from_dict
生成混合模式。
class MySchema(
ma.Schema.from_dict({f"field_{i}": ma.fields.Int() for i in range(1, 4)})
):
field_4 = ma.fields.Str()