用自定义消息替换错误

时间：2017-02-09 18:34:10

标签： python python-3.x tkinter python-imaging-library

我的程序是关于图像处理的，它会在运行时询问用户打开图像。但是如果用户在没有选择任何图像的情况下关闭窗口，我会收到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 420, in run_nodebug
  File "E:\Projet Complet\Test 2.py", line 255, in <module>
    Ima1=Image.open(a)
  File "C:\EduPython\App\lib\site-packages\PIL\Image.py", line 2317, in open
    fp = io.BytesIO(fp.read())
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'read'

我尝试在打开的消息框中使用"You didn't choose any image"等自定义消息替换该错误。我知道如何打开消息框，但我不知道如何用它替换错误消息。 我试过这样做：

main.withdraw()
try:
    a = filedialog.askopenfilename()
    main.deiconify()
except AttributeError:
    tkMessageBox.showinfo( "Image Error", "You didn't choose any image.")
    sys.exit()

但是它给了我上面的错误。 这是完整的代码：

from tkinter import*
import tkinter as Tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog, DISABLED, messagebox as tkMessageBox
import os
import ntpath
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageFilter
import PIL
from collections import Counter
from random import randint
import random
import PIL.ImageOps


def EchelleDeGris():
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1]))
    px=Ima1.load()
    px1=Ima2.load()
    for x in range(z[0]):
        for y in range(z[1]):
            p=px[x,y]
            if type(p)==int:
                p=(p,p,p)
            o=int((p[0]+p[1]+p[2])/3)
            px1[x,y]=(o,o,o)
    Ima2.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def SupprimerImage():
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=imt)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def Luminosite():
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1]))
    px=Ima1.load()
    px1=Ima2.load()
    for x in range(z[0]):
        for y in range(z[1]):
            p=px[x,y]
            if type(p)==int:
                p=(p,p,p)
            px1[x,y]=(p[0]+S1.get(),p[1]+S1.get(),p[2]+S1.get())
    Ima2.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def AnnulerModifications():
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im1)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def get_pixel(pixels, x, y):
    try:
        return pixels[x, y]
    except IndexError:
        return None


def get_neighbors(pixels, x, y):
    neighbors = list()
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x, y - 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x, y + 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y - 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y + 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y - 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y + 1))
    return neighbors


def filter_art(pixels, size):
    indexes = dict()
    for x in range(size[0]):
        for y in range(size[1]):
            color = get_pixel(pixels, x, y)
            neighbors = get_neighbors(pixels, x, y)
            new_color = Counter(neighbors).most_common()[0][0]
            if new_color is not None:
                indexes[x, y] = new_color
    for x, y in indexes:
        pixels[x, y] = indexes[x, y]


def pop_art(path_orig, path_mod, coef):

    s=[]
    for i in range(9):

        r=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255))
        g=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255))
        b=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255))

        image_orig = Image.open(path_orig)
        size = image_orig.size
        image_mod = Image.new("RGB",(size[0],size[1]))
        pixels_orig = image_orig.load()
        pixels_mod = image_mod.load()
        for x in range(size[0]):
            for y in range(size[1]):
                p = pixels_orig[x, y]
                if isinstance(p, int):
                    rgb = (p,p,p)
                elif isinstance(p, tuple) and len(p) in (3, 4):
                    rgb = p[:3]
                else:
                    raise TypeError('Unknown pallete')
                average_color = sum(rgb) / 3
                if average_color <= 85:
                    pixels_mod[x, y] = r
                elif 85 < average_color <= 170:
                    pixels_mod[x, y] = g
                elif average_color > 170:
                    pixels_mod[x, y] = b
        for _ in range(coef):
            filter_art(pixels_mod, size)
        image_mod.save(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Modified Images\\result'+str(i)+'.png')
        Img=[None]*9
    for i in range(9):
        Img[i]=Image.open(""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Modified Images\\result"+str(i)+".png")
        basewidth = int(Img[i].size[1]/3)
        wpercent = (basewidth / float(Img[i].size[0]))
        hsize = int((float(Img[i].size[1]) * float(wpercent )))
        Img[i] = Img[i].resize((basewidth , hsize ), PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS)
        Img[i].save(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Resized Images\\resized_image'+str(i)+'.png')


    Img1=[None]*9
    pixels1=[None]*9
    Imaz=Image.new("RGB",(basewidth*3,hsize*3))
    pixels=Imaz.load()
    for i in range(9):
        Img1[i]=Image.open(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Resized Images\\resized_image'+str(i)+'.png')
        pixels1[i]=Img1[i].load()


    for x in range(0,basewidth):
        for y in range(0,hsize):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[0][x,y]
        for y in range(hsize,hsize*2):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[1][x,y-hsize]
        for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[2][x,y-hsize*2]

    for x in range(basewidth,basewidth*2):
        for y in range(0,hsize):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[3][x-basewidth,y]
        for y in range(hsize,hsize*2):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[4][x-basewidth,y-hsize]
        for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[5][x-basewidth,y-hsize*2]

    for x in range(basewidth*2,basewidth*3):
        for y in range(0,hsize):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[6][x-basewidth*2,y]
        for y in range(hsize,hsize*2):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[7][x-basewidth*2,y-hsize]
        for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[8][x-basewidth*2,y-hsize*2]
    Imaz = Imaz.resize((size[0] , size[1] ), PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS)
    Imaz.save(""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Result Image\\result.png")


def usepop():
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\traitement.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)
    I2.update_idletasks()
    pop_art(a, None, coef=4)
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Result Image\\result.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def change_contrast(level):

    img = Image.open(a)
    img.load()

    factor = (259 * (level+255)) / (255 * (259-level))
    for x in range(img.size[0]):
        for y in range(img.size[1]):
            color = img.getpixel((x, y))
            if type(color) == int:
                color=(color,color,color)
                new_color = tuple(int(factor * (c-128) + 128) for c in color)
                new_color = new_color[0]
                img.putpixel((x, y), new_color)
            elif type(color) != int:
                new_color = tuple(int(factor * (c-128) + 128) for c in color)
                img.putpixel((x, y), new_color)
    return img

def use_contrast():
    result = change_contrast(S2.get())
    result.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def recherche_contours():
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1]))
    px=Ima1.load()
    px1=Ima2.load()
    for x in range(z[0]):
        for y in range(z[1]):
            p=px[x,y]
            if type(p)==int:
                p=(p,p,p)
            o=int((p[0]+p[1]+p[2])/3)
            px1[x,y]=(o,o,o)
    Ima2 = Ima2.filter(ImageFilter.FIND_EDGES)
    image = Ima2
    if image.mode == 'RGBA':
        r,g,b,a = image.split()
        rgb_image = Image.merge('RGB', (r,g,b))

        inverted_image = PIL.ImageOps.invert(rgb_image)

        r2,g2,b2 = inverted_image.split()

        final_transparent_image = Image.merge('RGBA', (r2,g2,b2,a))

        final_transparent_image.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")

    else:
        inverted_image = PIL.ImageOps.invert(image)
        inverted_image.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\ImageMod.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

main=Tk()

main.withdraw()
try:
    a = filedialog.askopenfilename()
    main.deiconify()
except AttributeError:
    tkMessageBox.showinfo( "Resolution Error", "The image is too big, please select a smaller one.")
    sys.exit()


dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath("Test2.py"))

main.configure(background="#a1dbcd")
main.title("Photoshop Version.Megzari")
try:
    Ima1=Image.open(a)
    z=Ima1.size
    nux=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1]))
    nuxy=nux.load()
    for x in range(z[0]):
        for y in range(z[1]):
            nuxy[x,y]=(255,255,255)
    nux.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\Blank.png")


    main.withdraw()
    a = filedialog.askopenfilename()
except AttributeError:
    tkMessageBox.showinfo( "Image Error", "You didn't choose any image.")
    sys.exit()
main.deiconify()

if z>(400,400):
    main.withdraw()
    tkMessageBox.showinfo( "Resolution Error", "The image is too big, please select a smaller one.")
    sys.exit()

elif z<(400,400):
    im1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=a)
    I1 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im1)
    I1.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan =3)
    imt = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\Blank.png")
    T1 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=imt)
    T1.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)
    B1 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Echelle de gris", command = EchelleDeGris, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", state=NORMAL)
    B1.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=0)
    B3 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Appliquer Luminosité", command = Luminosite, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B3.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=1)
    S1 = Scale(main, from_=0, to=254, orient=HORIZONTAL, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", length = 200)
    S1.grid(row=2, column=1)
    B2 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Supprimer Image", command = SupprimerImage, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B2.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=7)
    B3 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Annuler Modifications", command = AnnulerModifications, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B3.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=6)
    B4 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Pop Art", command = usepop, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B4.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=3)
    S2 = Scale(main, from_=-258, to=258, orient=HORIZONTAL, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", length = 200)
    S2.grid(row=2, column=4)
    B4 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Appliquer Contraste", command = use_contrast, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B4.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=4)
    B5 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Trouver Contours", command = recherche_contours, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B5.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=5)

    s=S1.get()
    s2=S2.get()




main.mainloop()

EDIT1： 我应用了来自@Juan T的答案，它确实显示了该消息，但即使我发起了sys.exit()，它也没有关闭窗口 bug

EDIT2：     我发现如何解决这个问题我只需要在main.destroy()

之前添加sys.exit()

EDIT3： 现在当我运行代码时，我选择了图像，它再次提示我图像。我希望它提示一次。

EDIT4：我修复了它，问题是我在代码中隐藏了一个旧片段导致问题，现在都很好。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

如果您之前放置try，它会起作用。所以，而不是：

Ima1=Image.open(a)
z=Ima1.size
...
nux.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\Blank.png")


main.withdraw()
try:
    a = filedialog.askopenfilename()
except AttributeError:
    tkMessageBox.showinfo( "Image Error", "You didn't choose any image.")
    sys.exit()
main.deiconify()

考虑：

try:
    Ima1=Image.open(a)
    z=Ima1.size
    ...
    nux.save(""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\Blank.png")

    main.withdraw()

    a = filedialog.askopenfilename()
except AttributeError:
    tkMessageBox.showinfo( "Image Error", "You didn't choose any image.")
    sys.exit()
main.deiconify()
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