Question

我想请你帮忙查询一下。我想从2016年7月7日 - 2016年2月14日获得随机日期列表，但我想从11和12.2.2016中排除它，这将是周末。

这就是我所拥有的：

SELECT DATEADD(DAY, ABS(CHECKSUM(NEWID()) % 8), '2016-02-07')

我正在使用SQL Server 2016。

并且日期应该随机分配到其他列：

enter image description here

SMS_send_day应该是那些日期，不包括11.2。和12.2。

感谢您的建议！

Answer 1

不确定这是否有帮助，但这会让您获得一个日期，不包括您要求的两个日期。我认为你的意思是2017年，因为那些日子不是2016年的周末。

declare @date date
while 1=1
begin
    select @date = DATEADD(DAY, ABS(CHECKSUM(NEWID()) % 8), '2017-02-07')
    if @date not in ('2/11/2017', '2/12/2017')
        break   
end
select @date

编辑看到评论...如果需要列表，您可以尝试这样的事情： t-sql get all dates between 2 dates然后只使用where子句来过滤周末日期。

Answer 2

如果你给自己一个calendar table并且你手上有一个非常简单的查询`

SELECT TOP 1 Date 
FROM Calendar 
WHERE IsWeekday = 1 
AND Date >= @StartDate 
AND Date <= @EndDate 
ORDER BY NEWID();

您可以随时生成日期：

SET DATEFIRST 1;

DECLARE @Start DATE = '20160207',
        @End DATE = '20160214';

WITH Calendar (Date) AS
(   SELECT  TOP (DATEDIFF(DAY, @Start, @End) + 1)
            DATEADD(DAY, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY N1.N) - 1, @Start)
    FROM    (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) n1 (N)
    CROSS JOIN (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) n2 (N)
    CROSS JOIN (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) n3 (N)
)
SELECT TOP 1 Date 
FROM Calendar 
WHERE DATEPART(WEEKDAY, Date) NOT IN (6, 7)
ORDER BY NEWID();

此处日历CTE交叉连接3个表值构造函数以生成最多1,000行（10 x 10 x 10），然后将其限制为使用所需的天数

TOP (DATEDIFF(DAY, @Start, @End) + 1)

然后使用ROW_NUMBER()生成从1到n的值，从一开始就生成一个日期列表。所以基本要素是：

DECLARE @Start DATE = '20160207',
        @End DATE = '20160214';

WITH Calendar (Date) AS
(   SELECT  TOP (DATEDIFF(DAY, @Start, @End) + 1)
            DATEADD(DAY, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY N1.N) - 1, @Start)
    FROM    (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) n1 (N)
    CROSS JOIN (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) n2 (N)
    CROSS JOIN (VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) n3 (N)
)
SELECT Date 
FROM Calendar

给出了：

Date
------------
2016-02-07
2016-02-08
2016-02-09
2016-02-10
2016-02-11
2016-02-12
2016-02-13

这是一个简单的例子，用WHERE DATEPART(WEEKDAY, Date) NOT IN (6, 7)删除周末并选择TOP 1 ... ORDER BY NEWID()的随机行。除此之外，当使用像DATEPART(WEEKDAY, ...)这样设置敏感的内容时，您应该始终明确设置所需的值，而不是依赖于默认值。

我可能误解了你的要求，如果你只是想要一份所有日期的清单，那么最后一步是没有必要的

Answer 3

日历或Tally表可以解决问题，但我经常使用TVF来创建动态日期/时间范围。它是参数驱动的，您可以定义日期/时间范围，DatePart和增量

示例

Declare @D1 date = '2016-02-07' Declare @D2 date = '2016-02-14' Select Top 1 D=RetVal From [dbo].[udf-Range-Date](@D1,@D2,'DD',1) Where DatePart(DW,RetVal) not in (7,1) Order By NewID()

<强>返回

D 2016-02-11 00:00:00.000

感兴趣的UDF

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udf-Range-Date] (@R1 datetime,@R2 datetime,@Part varchar(10),@Incr int) Returns Table Return ( with cte0(M) As (Select 1+Case @Part When 'YY' then DateDiff(YY,@R1,@R2)/@Incr When 'QQ' then DateDiff(QQ,@R1,@R2)/@Incr When 'MM' then DateDiff(MM,@R1,@R2)/@Incr When 'WK' then DateDiff(WK,@R1,@R2)/@Incr When 'DD' then DateDiff(DD,@R1,@R2)/@Incr When 'HH' then DateDiff(HH,@R1,@R2)/@Incr When 'MI' then DateDiff(MI,@R1,@R2)/@Incr When 'SS' then DateDiff(SS,@R1,@R2)/@Incr End), cte1(N) As (Select 1 From (Values(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) N(N)), cte2(N) As (Select Top (Select M from cte0) Row_Number() over (Order By (Select NULL)) From cte1 a, cte1 b, cte1 c, cte1 d, cte1 e, cte1 f, cte1 g, cte1 h ), cte3(N,D) As (Select 0,@R1 Union All Select N,Case @Part When 'YY' then DateAdd(YY, N*@Incr, @R1) When 'QQ' then DateAdd(QQ, N*@Incr, @R1) When 'MM' then DateAdd(MM, N*@Incr, @R1) When 'WK' then DateAdd(WK, N*@Incr, @R1) When 'DD' then DateAdd(DD, N*@Incr, @R1) When 'HH' then DateAdd(HH, N*@Incr, @R1) When 'MI' then DateAdd(MI, N*@Incr, @R1) When 'SS' then DateAdd(SS, N*@Incr, @R1) End From cte2 ) Select RetSeq = N+1 ,RetVal = D From cte3,cte0 Where D<=@R2 ) /* Max 100 million observations -- Date Parts YY QQ MM WK DD HH MI SS Syntax: Select * from [dbo].[udf-Range-Date]('2016-10-01','2020-10-01','YY',1) Select * from [dbo].[udf-Range-Date]('2016-01-01','2017-01-01','MM',1)

Answer 4

这样就可以了。我用过Date＆amp;转换函数。

DECLARE @i INT = 0
WHILE (@i<=7)
BEGIN
 DECLARE @T TABLE
 (
    [DATE] DATE
 )
 INSERT INTO @T SELECT CONVERT (DATE,DATEADD(DAY,@i,'2016-02-07'))
 SET @i = @i+1
 IF(CONVERT (DATE,DATEADD(DAY,@i,'2016-02-07')) ='2016-02-11' OR CONVERT (DATE,DATEADD(DAY,@i,'2016-02-07')) ='2016-02-12')
  SET @i = @i+2
END
SELECT * FROM @T
GO

Answer 5

将@i声明为int

将@dr声明为日期

设置@i = 1

而@i＆lt; 8

开始

SELECT @dr = DATEADD（DAY，@ i，＆＃39; 2016-02-07＆＃39;）

while（（（DATEPART（dw，@ dr）+ @@ DATEFIRST）％7）NOT IN（5,6））

begin
     print @dr
     break;
end

设置@i = @i +1

结束

去

Answer 6

这样的事情怎么样：

SELECT   inp.d AS [Start_Date]
        ,incr.r AS Increment
        ,DATEADD(DAY, incr.r, inp.d) AS New_Date
        ,FORMAT(DATEADD(DAY, incr.r, inp.d), 'ddd') AS New_Date_Weekday
FROM (
    -- Input date goes here
    SELECT   CAST('2016-02-07' AS DATE) AS d
) inp
CROSS JOIN
    (
        -- Generate 7 rows
        SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) - 1 AS r
        FROM (VALUES(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) v(n)
) incr

-- Convert week-day to 'Monday = 1 and Sunday = 7'-base;
-- Select a random week-day between 1 and 5
WHERE 1 + ( 5 + DATEPART(DW, DATEADD(DAY, incr.r, inp.d)) + @@DATEFIRST) % 7 = 1 + CAST(RAND() * 5 AS INT)

感谢Kakkarot的回答，解释了如何将周日计数转换为基于 Monday = 1和Sunday = 7 。

sql - 生成随机日期，排除周末

6 个答案: