从基类引用调用派生类方法

时间:2010-11-17 20:47:05

标签: c++ derived-class base-class

class Material
{
public:
 void foo()
 {
  cout << "Class Material";
 }
};

class Unusual_Material : public Material
{
public:
 void foo()
 {
  cout << "Class Unusual_Material";
 }
};

int main()
{
 Material strange = Unusual_Material();
 strange.foo(); //outputs "Class Material" 

 return 0;
}

我希望这会导致“Class Unusual_Material”显示在控制台上。有没有办法实现这个目标?在我的程序中,我有一个类材料,从中可以得到其他更具体的材料。方法Material :: foo()表示Material中适用于大多数材料的方法,但是在某种程度上,需要为具有不寻常属性的材料定义另一个foo()。

我程序中的所有对象都包含一个Material字段。如果他们被分配了一个不寻常的材料,我希望调用派生的,不寻常的foo。

这可能要么很简单,要么不可能,但无论如何我无法弄明白。

由于

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:20)

你想要的是多态,并为你需要的功能启用它virtual

class Material 
{ 
public: 
    virtual void foo() // Note virtual keyword!
    { 
        cout << "Class Material"; 
    } 
}; 

class Unusual_Material : public Material 
{ 
public: 
    void foo() // Will override foo() in the base class
    { 
        cout << "Class Unusual_Material"; 
    } 
}; 

此外,多态只适用于引用和指针:

int main()  
{  
    Unusual_Material unusualMaterial;
    Material& strange = unusualMaterial;
    strange.foo();  
    return 0; 
}

/* OR */

int main()  
{  
    Unusual_Material unusualMaterial;
    Material* strange = &unusualMaterial;
    strange->foo();  
    return 0; 
}

您的代码段中的内容为slice the Unusual_Material object

int main() 
{ 
    // Unusual_Material object will be sliced!
    Material strange = Unusual_Material(); 
    strange.foo(); 
    return 0; 
} 

答案 1 :(得分:1)

更好的解释是......

class Base
{
public:
 void foo()     //make virtual void foo(),have derived method invoked
 {
  cout << "Class Base";
 }
};
class Derived: public Base
{
public:
 void foo()
 {
  cout << "Class Derived";
 }
};
int main()
{
 Base base1 = Derived ();
 Base1.foo(); //outputs "Class Base" 
           // Base object, calling base method

 Base *base2 = new Derived ();
 Base2->foo(); //outputs"Class Base",Again Base object calling base method

// But to have base object, calling Derived method, following are the ways
// Add virtual access modifier for base foo() method. Then do as below, to //have derived method being invoked.
//
// Base *base2 = new Derived ();
// Base2->foo();    //outputs "Class Derived" .

return 0;
}