我的键盘有2种键盘语言，我一直在切换，希腊语和英语。如何获取当前的键盘语言？ 是否有任何有用的库可以为我做这个技巧？ 我使用的是python 3.5.2，Windows 10
答案 0 :(得分：7)
使用ctypes库的以下方法对我有用。
# My keyboard is set to the English - United States keyboard
>>> import ctypes
# For debugging Windows error codes in the current thread
>>> user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)
>>> curr_window = user32.GetForegroundWindow()
>>> thread_id = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(curr_window, 0)
# Made up of 0xAAABBBB, AAA = HKL (handle object) & BBBB = language ID
>>> klid = user32.GetKeyboardLayout(thread_id)
67699721
# Language ID -> low 10 bits, Sub-language ID -> high 6 bits
# Extract language ID from KLID
>>> lid = klid & (2**16 - 1)
# Convert language ID from decimal to hexadecimal
>>> lid_hex = hex(lid)
'0x409'
# I switched my keyboard to the Russian keyboard
>>> curr_window = user32.GetForegroundWindow()
>>> thread_id = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(curr_window, 0)
>>> klid = user32.GetKeyboardLayout(thread_id)
68748313
# Extract language ID from KLID
>>> lid = klid & (2**16 - 1)
# Convert language ID from decimal to hexadecimal
>>> lid_hex = hex(lid)
'0x419'
您可以按照希腊语（0x408）或您要检测的任何其他语言执行相同的步骤。如果您对lid_hex可能采用的所有十六进制值here is a plain-text list和here is Microsoft's list感兴趣，请使用输入语言。
供您参考，LCID存储在this format中（正如我在代码的评论中所述）。
每次在键盘上切换语言时，请确保拨打GetKeyboardLayout(thread_id)。
编辑：
正如@furas在评论中提到的，这是系统相关。如果您要将代码移植到Windows 10以外的操作系统（甚至可能是早期版本的Windows，如果LCID从那时起发生了变化），这种方法将无法按预期工作。
编辑2：
我对klid的第一个解释是不正确的，但感谢@ eryksun的评论，我已经纠正了这一点。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
import ctypes
def get_keyboard_language():
"""
Gets the keyboard language in use by the current
active window process.
"""
languages = {'0x436' : "Afrikaans - South Africa", '0x041c' : "Albanian - Albania", '0x045e' : "Amharic - Ethiopia", '0x401' : "Arabic - Saudi Arabia",
'0x1401' : "Arabic - Algeria", '0x3c01' : "Arabic - Bahrain", '0x0c01' : "Arabic - Egypt", '0x801' : "Arabic - Iraq", '0x2c01' : "Arabic - Jordan",
'0x3401' : "Arabic - Kuwait", '0x3001' : "Arabic - Lebanon", '0x1001' : "Arabic - Libya", '0x1801' : "Arabic - Morocco", '0x2001' : "Arabic - Oman",
'0x4001' : "Arabic - Qatar", '0x2801' : "Arabic - Syria", '0x1c01' : "Arabic - Tunisia", '0x3801' : "Arabic - U.A.E.", '0x2401' : "Arabic - Yemen",
'0x042b' : "Armenian - Armenia", '0x044d' : "Assamese", '0x082c' : "Azeri (Cyrillic)", '0x042c' : "Azeri (Latin)", '0x042d' : "Basque",
'0x423' : "Belarusian", '0x445' : "Bengali (India)", '0x845' : "Bengali (Bangladesh)", '0x141A' : "Bosnian (Bosnia/Herzegovina)", '0x402' : "Bulgarian",
'0x455' : "Burmese", '0x403' : "Catalan", '0x045c' : "Cherokee - United States", '0x804' : "Chinese - People's Republic of China",
'0x1004' : "Chinese - Singapore", '0x404' : "Chinese - Taiwan", '0x0c04' : "Chinese - Hong Kong SAR", '0x1404' : "Chinese - Macao SAR", '0x041a' : "Croatian",
'0x101a' : "Croatian (Bosnia/Herzegovina)", '0x405' : "Czech", '0x406' : "Danish", '0x465' : "Divehi", '0x413' : "Dutch - Netherlands", '0x813' : "Dutch - Belgium",
'0x466' : "Edo", '0x409' : "English - United States", '0x809' : "English - United Kingdom", '0x0c09' : "English - Australia", '0x2809' : "English - Belize",
'0x1009' : "English - Canada", '0x2409' : "English - Caribbean", '0x3c09' : "English - Hong Kong SAR", '0x4009' : "English - India", '0x3809' : "English - Indonesia",
'0x1809' : "English - Ireland", '0x2009' : "English - Jamaica", '0x4409' : "English - Malaysia", '0x1409' : "English - New Zealand", '0x3409' : "English - Philippines",
'0x4809' : "English - Singapore", '0x1c09' : "English - South Africa", '0x2c09' : "English - Trinidad", '0x3009' : "English - Zimbabwe", '0x425' : "Estonian",
'0x438' : "Faroese", '0x429' : "Farsi", '0x464' : "Filipino", '0x040b' : "Finnish", '0x040c' : "French - France", '0x080c' : "French - Belgium",
'0x2c0c' : "French - Cameroon", '0x0c0c' : "French - Canada", '0x240c' : "French - Democratic Rep. of Congo", '0x300c' : "French - Cote d'Ivoire",
'0x3c0c' : "French - Haiti", '0x140c' : "French - Luxembourg", '0x340c' : "French - Mali", '0x180c' : "French - Monaco", '0x380c' : "French - Morocco",
'0xe40c' : "French - North Africa", '0x200c' : "French - Reunion", '0x280c' : "French - Senegal", '0x100c' : "French - Switzerland",
'0x1c0c' : "French - West Indies", '0x462' : "Frisian - Netherlands", '0x467' : "Fulfulde - Nigeria", '0x042f' : "FYRO Macedonian", '0x083c' : "Gaelic (Ireland)",
'0x043c' : "Gaelic (Scotland)", '0x456' : "Galician", '0x437' : "Georgian", '0x407' : "German - Germany", '0x0c07' : "German - Austria", '0x1407' : "German - Liechtenstein",
'0x1007' : "German - Luxembourg", '0x807' : "German - Switzerland", '0x408' : "Greek", '0x474' : "Guarani - Paraguay", '0x447' : "Gujarati", '0x468' : "Hausa - Nigeria",
'0x475' : "Hawaiian - United States", '0x040d' : "Hebrew", '0x439' : "Hindi", '0x040e' : "Hungarian", '0x469' : "Ibibio - Nigeria", '0x040f' : "Icelandic",
'0x470' : "Igbo - Nigeria", '0x421' : "Indonesian", '0x045d' : "Inuktitut", '0x410' : "Italian - Italy", '0x810' : "Italian - Switzerland", '0x411' : "Japanese",
'0x044b' : "Kannada", '0x471' : "Kanuri - Nigeria", '0x860' : "Kashmiri", '0x460' : "Kashmiri (Arabic)", '0x043f' : "Kazakh", '0x453' : "Khmer", '0x457' : "Konkani",
'0x412' : "Korean", '0x440' : "Kyrgyz (Cyrillic)", '0x454' : "Lao", '0x476' : "Latin", '0x426' : "Latvian", '0x427' : "Lithuanian", '0x043e' : "Malay - Malaysia",
'0x083e' : "Malay - Brunei Darussalam", '0x044c' : "Malayalam", '0x043a' : "Maltese", '0x458' : "Manipuri", '0x481' : "Maori - New Zealand", '0x044e' : "Marathi",
'0x450' : "Mongolian (Cyrillic)", '0x850' : "Mongolian (Mongolian)", '0x461' : "Nepali", '0x861' : "Nepali - India", '0x414' : "Norwegian (Bokmål)",
'0x814' : "Norwegian (Nynorsk)", '0x448' : "Oriya", '0x472' : "Oromo", '0x479' : "Papiamentu", '0x463' : "Pashto", '0x415' : "Polish", '0x416' : "Portuguese - Brazil",
'0x816' : "Portuguese - Portugal", '0x446' : "Punjabi", '0x846' : "Punjabi (Pakistan)", '0x046B' : "Quecha - Bolivia", '0x086B' : "Quecha - Ecuador",
'0x0C6B' : "Quecha - Peru", '0x417' : "Rhaeto-Romanic", '0x418' : "Romanian", '0x818' : "Romanian - Moldava", '0x419' : "Russian", '0x819' : "Russian - Moldava",
'0x043b' : "Sami (Lappish)", '0x044f' : "Sanskrit", '0x046c' : "Sepedi", '0x0c1a' : "Serbian (Cyrillic)", '0x081a' : "Serbian (Latin)", '0x459' : "Sindhi - India",
'0x859' : "Sindhi - Pakistan", '0x045b' : "Sinhalese - Sri Lanka", '0x041b' : "Slovak", '0x424' : "Slovenian", '0x477' : "Somali", '0x042e' : "Sorbian",
'0x0c0a' : "Spanish - Spain (Modern Sort)", '0x040a' : "Spanish - Spain (Traditional Sort)", '0x2c0a' : "Spanish - Argentina", '0x400a' : "Spanish - Bolivia",
'0x340a' : "Spanish - Chile", '0x240a' : "Spanish - Colombia", '0x140a' : "Spanish - Costa Rica", '0x1c0a' : "Spanish - Dominican Republic",
'0x300a' : "Spanish - Ecuador", '0x440a' : "Spanish - El Salvador", '0x100a' : "Spanish - Guatemala", '0x480a' : "Spanish - Honduras", '0xe40a' : "Spanish - Latin America",
'0x080a' : "Spanish - Mexico", '0x4c0a' : "Spanish - Nicaragua", '0x180a' : "Spanish - Panama", '0x3c0a' : "Spanish - Paraguay", '0x280a' : "Spanish - Peru",
'0x500a' : "Spanish - Puerto Rico", '0x540a' : "Spanish - United States", '0x380a' : "Spanish - Uruguay", '0x200a' : "Spanish - Venezuela", '0x430' : "Sutu",
'0x441' : "Swahili", '0x041d' : "Swedish", '0x081d' : "Swedish - Finland", '0x045a' : "Syriac", '0x428' : "Tajik", '0x045f' : "Tamazight (Arabic)",
'0x085f' : "Tamazight (Latin)", '0x449' : "Tamil", '0x444' : "Tatar", '0x044a' : "Telugu", '0x041e' : "Thai", '0x851' : "Tibetan - Bhutan",
'0x451' : "Tibetan - People's Republic of China", '0x873' : "Tigrigna - Eritrea", '0x473' : "Tigrigna - Ethiopia", '0x431' : "Tsonga", '0x432' : "Tswana",
'0x041f' : "Turkish", '0x442' : "Turkmen", '0x480' : "Uighur - China", '0x422' : "Ukrainian", '0x420' : "Urdu", '0x820' : "Urdu - India", '0x843' : "Uzbek (Cyrillic)",
'0x443' : "Uzbek (Latin)", '0x433' : "Venda", '0x042a' : "Vietnamese", '0x452' : "Welsh", '0x434' : "Xhosa", '0x478' : "Yi", '0x043d' : "Yiddish", '0x046a' : "Yoruba",
'0x435' : "Zulu", '0x04ff' : "HID (Human Interface Device)"
}
user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)
# Get the current active window handle
handle = user32.GetForegroundWindow()
# Get the thread id from that window handle
threadid = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(handle, 0)
# Get the keyboard layout id from the threadid
layout_id = user32.GetKeyboardLayout(threadid)
# Extract the keyboard language id from the keyboard layout id
language_id = layout_id & (2 ** 16 - 1)
# Convert the keyboard language id from decimal to hexadecimal
language_id_hex = hex(language_id)
# Check if the hex value is in the dictionary.
if language_id_hex in languages.keys():
return languages[language_id_hex]
else:
# Return language id hexadecimal value if not found.
return str(language_id_hex)