我有以下代码，我试图从这本Ruby书中学习并且它一直在崩溃，我花了几个小时试图修复。如果有人知道为什么会这样，请告诉我。我不喜欢Ruby
#define custom classes ------------------------------------------- --------
#Define a class representing the console window
class Screen
def cls #Define a method that clears the display area
puts ("\n" * 25) #Scroll the screen 25 times
puts "\a" #Make a little noise to get the player's attention
end
def pause #Define a method that pauses the display area
STDIN.gets #Execute the STDIN class's gets method to pause script
#execution until the player presses the enter key
end
end
#Define a class representing the Ruby Number Guessing Game
class Game
#This method displays the game's opening screen
def display_greeting
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Display welcome message
print "\t\t Welcome to the Ruby Number Guessing Game!" +
"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPress Enter to " +
"continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method to be used to present game instructions
def display_instructions
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
puts "INSTRUCTIONS:\n\n" #Display a heading
#Display the game's instructions
puts "This game randomly generates a number from 1 to 100 and"
puts "challenges you to identify it in as few guesses as possible."
puts "After each guess, the game will analyze your input and provide"
puts "you with feedback. You may take as many turns as you need in"
puts "order to guess the game's secret number.\n\n"
puts "Game will stop if you have guessed 10 times.\n\n\n"
puts "Good luck!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
print "Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method that generates the game's secret number
def generate_number
#Generate and return a random number between 1 and 100
return randomNo = 1 + rand(1000)
end
#Define a method to be used control game play
def play_game
#Call on the generate_number method in order to get a random number
number = generate_number
#Loop until the player inputs a valid answer
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
if answer == "c"
print "Game count : #{$gameCount}"
end
#Prompt the player to make a guess
print "\nEnter your guess and press the Enter key: "
reply = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's answer
reply.chop! #Remove the end of line character
reply = reply.to_i #Convert the player's guess to an integer
#Validate the player's input only allowing guesses between 1 and 100
if reply < 1 or reply > 1000 then
redo #Redo the current iteration of the loop
end
#Analyze the player's guess to determine if it is correct
if reply == number then #The player's guess was correct
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "You have guessed the number! Press enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
break #Exit loop
elsif reply < number then #The player's guess was too low
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too low! ( valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
elsif reply > number then #The player's guess was too high
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too high! ( valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
$noOfGuesses +=1
break if $noOfGuesses > 10
end
end
#This method displays the information about the Ruby Number Guessing Game
def display_credits
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Thank the player and display game information
puts "\t\tThank you playing the Ruby Number Guessing Game.\n\n\n\n"
puts "\n\t\t\t Developed by Jerry Lee Ford, Jr.\n\n"
puts "\t\t\t\t Copyright 2010\n\n"
puts "\t\t\tURL: http://www.tech-publishing.com\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
end
end
# Main Script Logic -------------------------------------------------------
Console_Screen = Screen.new #Instantiate a new Screen object
SQ = Game.new #Instantiate a new Game object
#Execute the Game class's display_greeting method
SQ.display_greeting
answer = ""
$gameCount = 0
$noOfGuesses = 0
$totalNoOfGuesses = 0
$avgNoOfGuesses = 0
#Loop until the player enters y or n and do not accept any other input
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission to start the game
print "Are you ready to play the Ruby Number Guessing Game? (y/n): "
answer = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
answer.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
#Terminate the loop if valid input was provided
break if answer == "y" || answer == "n" || answer == "c" #Exit loop
end
#Analyze the player's input
if answer == "n" #See if the player elected not to take the game
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Invite the player to return and play the game some other time
puts "Okay, perhaps another time.\n\n"
else #The player wants to play the game
#Execute the Game class's display_instructions method
SQ.display_instructions
loop do
$gameCount+=1
#Execute the Game class's play_game method
SQ.play_game
$totalNoOfGuesses = $noOfGuesses * $gameCount
$avgNoOfGuesses = $totalNoOfGuesses / $noOfGuesses
print "The total number of guesses was #{$totalNoOfGuesses}"
print "The average number of guesses was #{$avgNoOfGuesses}"
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
print "Press Enter to continue"
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission start a new round of play
print "Would you like to play again? (y/n): "
playAgain = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
playAgain.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
break if playAgain == "n" #Exit loop
end
#Call upon the Game class's determine_credits method in order to thank
#the player for playing the game and to display game information
SQ.display_credits
end
答案 0 :(得分：2)
运行代码时说：
script-not-working.rb:74:in `block in play_game': undefined local variable or method `answer' for #<Game:0x0000000180f9c0> (NameError)
from script-not-working.rb:70:in `loop'
from script-not-working.rb:70:in `play_game'
from script-not-working.rb:181:in `block in <main>'
from script-not-working.rb:176:in `loop'
from script-not-working.rb:176:in `<main>'
因此，一个解决方案可以使变量回答全局，在所有answer变量之前添加$应该是：$answer。代码使用其他全局变量，因此可能没问题。有比这更好的做法，但对于这个代码它工作正常。之后游戏正常运行。但似乎在评估数量方面存在一些其他问题。这应该是另一个修复。也许是另一个问题。所以调查一下你的代码。
以下是使用$ answer：
进行全局代码回答的结果#Define a class representing the console window
class Screen
def cls #Define a method that clears the display area
puts ("\n" * 25) #Scroll the screen 25 times
puts "\a" #Make a little noise to get the player's attention
end
def pause #Define a method that pauses the display area
STDIN.gets #Execute the STDIN class's gets method to pause script
#execution until the player presses the enter key
end
end
#Define a class representing the Ruby Number Guessing Game
class Game
#This method displays the game's opening screen
def display_greeting
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Display welcome message
print "\t\t Welcome to the Ruby Number Guessing Game!" +
"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPress Enter to " +
"continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method to be used to present game instructions
def display_instructions
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
puts "INSTRUCTIONS:\n\n" #Display a heading
#Display the game's instructions
puts "This game randomly generates a number from 1 to 100 and"
puts "challenges you to identify it in as few guesses as possible."
puts "After each guess, the game will analyze your input and provide"
puts "you with feedback. You may take as many turns as you need in"
puts "order to guess the game's secret number.\n\n"
puts "Game will stop if you have guessed 10 times.\n\n\n"
puts "Good luck!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
print "Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method that generates the game's secret number
def generate_number
#Generate and return a random number between 1 and 100
return randomNo = 1 + rand(1000)
end
#Define a method to be used control game play
def play_game
#Call on the generate_number method in order to get a random number
number = generate_number
#Loop until the player inputs a valid answer
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
if $answer == "c"
print "Game count : #{$gameCount}"
end
#Prompt the player to make a guess
print "\nEnter your guess and press the Enter key: "
reply = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's answer
reply.chop! #Remove the end of line character
reply = reply.to_i #Convert the player's guess to an integer
#Validate the player's input only allowing guesses between 1 and 100
if reply < 1 or reply > 1000 then
redo #Redo the current iteration of the loop
end
#Analyze the player's guess to determine if it is correct
if reply == number then #The player's guess was correct
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "You have guessed the number! Press enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
break #Exit loop
elsif reply < number then #The player's guess was too low
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too low! ( valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
elsif reply > number then #The player's guess was too high
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too high! ( valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
$noOfGuesses +=1
break if $noOfGuesses > 10
end
end
#This method displays the information about the Ruby Number Guessing Game
def display_credits
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Thank the player and display game information
puts "\t\tThank you playing the Ruby Number Guessing Game.\n\n\n\n"
puts "\n\t\t\t Developed by Jerry Lee Ford, Jr.\n\n"
puts "\t\t\t\t Copyright 2010\n\n"
puts "\t\t\tURL: http://www.tech-publishing.com\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
end
end
# Main Script Logic -------------------------------------------------------
Console_Screen = Screen.new #Instantiate a new Screen object
SQ = Game.new #Instantiate a new Game object
#Execute the Game class's display_greeting method
SQ.display_greeting
$answer = ""
$gameCount = 0
$noOfGuesses = 0
$totalNoOfGuesses = 0
$avgNoOfGuesses = 0
#Loop until the player enters y or n and do not accept any other input
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission to start the game
print "Are you ready to play the Ruby Number Guessing Game? (y/n): "
$answer = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
$answer.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
#Terminate the loop if valid input was provided
break if $answer == "y" || $answer == "n" || $answer == "c" #Exit loop
end
#Analyze the player's input
if $answer == "n" #See if the player elected not to take the game
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Invite the player to return and play the game some other time
puts "Okay, perhaps another time.\n\n"
else #The player wants to play the game
#Execute the Game class's display_instructions method
SQ.display_instructions
loop do
$gameCount+=1
#Execute the Game class's play_game method
SQ.play_game
$totalNoOfGuesses = $noOfGuesses * $gameCount
$avgNoOfGuesses = $totalNoOfGuesses / $noOfGuesses
print "The total number of guesses was #{$totalNoOfGuesses}"
print "The average number of guesses was #{$avgNoOfGuesses}"
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
print "Press Enter to continue"
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission start a new round of play
print "Would you like to play again? (y/n): "
playAgain = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
playAgain.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
break if playAgain == "n" #Exit loop
end
#Call upon the Game class's determine_credits method in order to thank
#the player for playing the game and to display game information
SQ.display_credits
end
答案 1 :(得分：1)
问题在于Game类中的play_game方法，没有定义变量答案的地方，即分配给一个值，即使是一个空值。所以我编辑了你的脚本，使得该方法将答案作为一个争论，当稍后在这里调用该方法时，你将从控制台预期的答案作为其参数传递。
SQ.play_game answer
以下是
下面编辑过的脚本 #Define a class representing the console window
class Screen
def cls #Define a method that clears the display area
puts ("\n" * 25) #Scroll the screen 25 times
puts "\a" #Make a little noise to get the player's attention
end
def pause #Define a method that pauses the display area
STDIN.gets #Execute the STDIN class's gets method to pause script
#execution until the player presses the enter key
end
end
#Define a class representing the Ruby Number Guessing Game
class Game
#This method displays the game's opening screen
def display_greeting
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Display welcome message
print "\t\t Welcome to the Ruby Number Guessing Game!" +
"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPress Enter to " +
"continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method to be used to present game instructions
def display_instructions
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
puts "INSTRUCTIONS:\n\n" #Display a heading
#Display the game's instructions
puts "This game randomly generates a number from 1 to 100 and"
puts "challenges you to identify it in as few guesses as possible."
puts "After each guess, the game will analyze your input and provide"
puts "you with feedback. You may take as many turns as you need in"
puts "order to guess the game's secret number.\n\n"
puts "Game will stop if you have guessed 10 times.\n\n\n"
puts "Good luck!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
print "Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
#Define a method that generates the game's secret number
def generate_number
#Generate and return a random number between 1 and 100
return randomNo = 1 + rand(1000)
end
#Define a method to be used control game play
def play_game answer
#Call on the generate_number method in order to get a random number
number = generate_number
#Loop until the player inputs a valid answer
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
if answer == "c"
print "Game count : #{$gameCount}"
end
#Prompt the player to make a guess
print "\nEnter your guess and press the Enter key: "
reply = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's answer
reply.chop! #Remove the end of line character
reply = reply.to_i #Convert the player's guess to an integer
#Validate the player's input only allowing guesses between 1 and 100
if reply < 1 or reply > 1000 then
redo #Redo the current iteration of the loop
end
#Analyze the player's guess to determine if it is correct
if reply == number then #The player's guess was correct
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "You have guessed the number! Press enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
break #Exit loop
elsif reply < number then #The player's guess was too low
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too low! ( valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
elsif reply > number then #The player's guess was too high
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
print "Your guess is too high! ( valid range: 1 - 1000) Press Enter to continue."
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
end
$noOfGuesses +=1
break if $noOfGuesses > 10
end
end
#This method displays the information about the Ruby Number Guessing Game
def display_credits
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Thank the player and display game information
puts "\t\tThank you playing the Ruby Number Guessing Game.\n\n\n\n"
puts "\n\t\t\t Developed by Jerry Lee Ford, Jr.\n\n"
puts "\t\t\t\t Copyright 2010\n\n"
puts "\t\t\tURL: http://www.tech-publishing.com\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
end
end
# Main Script Logic -------------------------------------------------------
Console_Screen = Screen.new #Instantiate a new Screen object
SQ = Game.new #Instantiate a new Game object
#Execute the Game class's display_greeting method
SQ.display_greeting
answer = ""
$gameCount = 0
$noOfGuesses = 0
$totalNoOfGuesses = 0
$avgNoOfGuesses = 0
#Loop until the player enters y or n and do not accept any other input
loop do
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission to start the game
print "Are you ready to play the Ruby Number Guessing Game? (y/n): "
answer = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
answer.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
#Terminate the loop if valid input was provided
break if answer == "y" || answer == "n" || answer == "c" #Exit loop
end
#Analyze the player's input
if answer == "n" #See if the player elected not to take the game
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Invite the player to return and play the game some other time
puts "Okay, perhaps another time.\n\n"
else #The player wants to play the game
#Execute the Game class's display_instructions method
SQ.display_instructions
loop do
$gameCount+=1
#Execute the Game class's play_game method
SQ.play_game answer
$totalNoOfGuesses = $noOfGuesses * $gameCount
$avgNoOfGuesses = $totalNoOfGuesses / $noOfGuesses
print "The total number of guesses was #{$totalNoOfGuesses}"
print "The average number of guesses was #{$avgNoOfGuesses}"
Console_Screen.pause #Pause the game
print "Press Enter to continue"
Console_Screen.cls #Clear the display area
#Prompt the player for permission start a new round of play
print "Would you like to play again? (y/n): "
playAgain = STDIN.gets #Collect the player's response
playAgain.chop! #Remove any extra characters appended to the string
break if playAgain == "n" #Exit loop
end
#Call upon the Game class's determine_credits method in order to thank
#the player for playing the game and to display game information
SQ.display_credits
end