是否可以从多个类中仅扩展某些特定部分？例如：
class Walker {
walk() {
console.log("I am walking");
}
// more functions
}
class Runner {
run() {
console.log("I am running");
}
// more functions
}
// Make a class that inherits only the run and walk functions
答案 0 :(得分：3)
只要新对象具有要添加的方法的实例数据和方法，就可以选择要添加到现有类的其他类中的哪些方法。
class Walker {
constructor() {}
walk() {
console.log("I am walking");
}
// more functions
}
class Runner {
constructor() {}
run() {
console.log("I am running");
}
// more functions
}
class Participant {
constructor() {}
}
// add methods from other classes to the Participant class
Participant.prototype.run = Runner.prototype.run;
Participant.prototype.walk = Walker.prototype.walk;
请记住，方法只是原型属性的函数。因此，只要您放置它们的对象具有正确的支持实例数据或那些新添加的方法可能需要的其他方法，您就可以将任何函数分配给您想要的原型。
当然，如果我们更多地了解您的整体问题，您也可以使用更经典的继承来解决您的问题，但是您不能使用继承来解决它您要求解决它的确切方式。
标准继承继承了基类的所有方法。如果您只想要其中一些，则必须手动修改原型对象以仅放置您想要的方法。
将来，如果您描述了您尝试解决的问题而不是您尝试实施的解决方案，那么您将获得更好的答案。这让我们了解您真正想要实现的目标，并让我们提供您尚未想到的解决方案。
答案 1 :(得分：2)
使用构图：
class Walker {
walk() {
console.log("I am walking");
}
// more functions
}
class Runner {
run() {
console.log("I am running");
}
// more functions
}
class Composite {
run() {
new Runner().run();
}
walk() {
new Walker().walk();
}
}
答案 2 :(得分：0)
看看提供的示例，我立即建议＆＃34; ...请考虑分解。＆＃34;
对于给定的代码，它提取了两种行为＆＃34; walk＆＃34;并且＆＃34;运行＆＃34;。因此，Walker最终可能会成为假设的Person withWalkingAbility，而Runner则会成为Person withRunningAbility。
最初提供的// more functions和Walker代码中的所有 Runner 都可以由Person类实现。
var
withSelfAwareWalkingAbility = (function mixinFactory () { // does create a closure ...
function walking() { //
console.log("I'm walking"); //
} //
return function abilityMixin () { //
this.walk = walking; // shared code. // ... but shares its
}; // *ability* implementation.
}()),
withSelfAwareRunningAbility = (function mixinFactory () { // does create a closure ...
function running() { //
console.log("I'm running"); //
} //
return function abilityMixin () { //
this.run = running; // ... but shares its
}; // *ability* implementation.
}());
class Person {
constructor() {
// `Person` specific instance slots.
}
// `Person` specific prototypal methods.
}
第一个重大胜利是现在可以控制合成的位置，可以是prototype级别，也可以是constructor。
这取决于Walker / Runner的最终设计，OP /她自己可以最好地回答。
class Walker extends Person {
constructor() {
super();
withSelfAwareWalkingAbility.call(this); // composition at object level / instantiation time.
}
}
......对......
class Runner extends Person {
constructor() {
super();
}
}
withSelfAwareRunningAbility.call(Runner.prototype); // composition at a `Runner`'s `prototype` slot.
var
withSelfAwareWalkingAbility = (function mixinFactory () {
function walking() {
console.log("I'm walking");
}
return function abilityMixin () {
this.walk = walking;
};
}()),
withSelfAwareRunningAbility = (function mixinFactory () {
function running() {
console.log("I'm running");
}
return function abilityMixin () {
this.run = running;
};
}());
class Person {
constructor() {
// `Person` specific instance slots.
}
// `Person` specific prototypal methods.
}
class Walker extends Person {
constructor() {
super();
withSelfAwareWalkingAbility.call(this);
}
}
class Runner extends Person {
constructor() {
super();
}
}
withSelfAwareRunningAbility.call(Runner.prototype);
var
walker = (new Walker),
runner = (new Runner);
console.log('walker : ', walker); // Walker {walk: function}
console.log('(walker instanceof Walker) ? ', (walker instanceof Walker)); // true
console.log('(walker instanceof Person) ? ', (walker instanceof Person)); // true
console.log('(walker instanceof Runner) ? ', (walker instanceof Runner)); // false
walker.walk(); // "I'm walking"
console.log('(walker.hasOwnProperty("walk")) ? ', walker.hasOwnProperty("walk")); // true
console.log('\n');
console.log('runner : ', runner); // Runner {}
console.log('(runner instanceof Runner) ? ', (runner instanceof Runner)); // true
console.log('(runner instanceof Person) ? ', (runner instanceof Person)); // true
console.log('(runner instanceof Walker) ? ', (runner instanceof Walker)); // false
runner.run(); // "I'm running"
console.log('(runner.hasOwnProperty("run")) ? ', runner.hasOwnProperty("run")); // false.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100%!important; top: 0; }
将行为分解为更小或甚至原子的另一个胜利＆＃34;可重复使用的单位＆＃34; [^ 1]来自于将它们再次组合成更大的定制混合/特征的容易性......
function withSelfAwareWalkingAndRunningAbility() {
withSelfAwareWalkingAbility.call(this);
withSelfAwareRunningAbility.call(this);
}
[^ 1]：SCG，伯尔尼大学：»Talents: Dynamically Composable Units of Reuse«
注意... 现在有一个second part of this answer再次提供上面的示例，但是有一个由库支持的真实特征方法
答案 3 :(得分：0)
注意... 我不得不将my previous answer分成两个独立的部分，因为很长一段时间以后它不再容易引用托管的JavaScript代码。由于我现在确实提供了必要的特征库作为下一个给定示例中的缩小内联代码...
有一天用JavaScript本地实现人才或特质，这将使这种组合更加灵活/强大......
var
withWalkingAbility = (function mixinFactory () {
function walking() {
return "walking";
}
return function abilityMixin () {
this.walk = walking;
};
}()),
withRunningAbility = Trait.create(function trait (use, applicator) {
function running() {
return "running";
}
applicator(function () {
this.run = running;
});
});
var
withSelfAwareness = (function mixinFactory () {
function reflectThySelf() {
return "I'm";
}
return function awarenessMixin () {
this.reflect = reflectThySelf;
};
}()),
withDepersonalization = Trait.create(function trait (use, applicator) {
function objectify() {
return "It's";
}
applicator(function () {
this.objectify = objectify;
});
});
var
withSelfAwareWalkingAndRunningAbility = Trait.create(function trait (use, applicator) {
use(withWalkingAbility, withRunningAbility)
.apply.all();
applicator(function () {
this.walk = (function (proceed) {
return function () {
console.log([this.reflect(), proceed.call(this)].join(' '))
};
}(this.walk));
this.run = (function (proceed) {
return function () {
console.log([this.reflect(), proceed.call(this)].join(' '))
};
}(this.run));
}).requires([
"reflect"
]);
}),
withDepersonalizedRunningAbility = Trait.create(function trait (use, applicator) {
use(withRunningAbility)
.apply(withRunningAbility);
applicator(function () {
this.run = (function (proceed) {
return function () {
console.log([this.objectify(), proceed.call(this)].join(' '))
};
}(this.run));
}).requires([
"objectify"
]);
});
class Human {
constructor() {
// `Human` specific instance slots.
}
// `Human` specific prototypal methods.
}
withSelfAwareness.call(Human.prototype);
class Animal {
constructor() {
withDepersonalization.call(this);
// other `Animal` specific instance slots.
}
// `Animal` specific prototypal methods.
}
class HumanWalkerAndRunner extends Human {
constructor() {
super();
}
}
withSelfAwareWalkingAndRunningAbility.call(HumanWalkerAndRunner.prototype);
class AnimalRunner extends Animal {
constructor() {
super();
withDepersonalizedRunningAbility.call(this);
}
}
var
humanWalkerAndRunner = (new HumanWalkerAndRunner),
animalRunner = (new AnimalRunner);
console.log('humanWalkerAndRunner : ', humanWalkerAndRunner); // HumanWalkerAndRunner {}
console.log('(humanWalkerAndRunner instanceof HumanWalkerAndRunner) ? ', (humanWalkerAndRunner instanceof HumanWalkerAndRunner)); // true
console.log('(humanWalkerAndRunner instanceof Human) ? ', (humanWalkerAndRunner instanceof Human)); // true
humanWalkerAndRunner.walk(); // "I'm walking"
humanWalkerAndRunner.run(); // "I'm running"
console.log('(humanWalkerAndRunner.hasOwnProperty("walk")) ? ', humanWalkerAndRunner.hasOwnProperty("walk")); // false
console.log('(humanWalkerAndRunner.hasOwnProperty("run")) ? ', humanWalkerAndRunner.hasOwnProperty("run")); // false
console.log('\n');
console.log('animalRunner : ', animalRunner); // AnimalRunner {objectify: function, run: function}
console.log('(animalRunner instanceof AnimalRunner) ? ', (animalRunner instanceof AnimalRunner)); // true
console.log('(animalRunner instanceof Animal) ? ', (animalRunner instanceof Animal)); // true
animalRunner.run(); // "It's running"
console.log('(animalRunner.hasOwnProperty("run")) ? 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