R正在绘制图表区域之外的线条

Question

我只是在绘制一些预测误差，但是当我使用R plot函数

时，我的一条线正在绘制图表区域之外的方式

数据如下：

> Errors
         1.week      2.weeks      4.weeks     8.weeks
1    -0.8315842   -2.0770613   -1.5939279  -1.0221132
2     2.3557692    1.6248861    3.7038422   5.1803585
3     4.5628527    3.7731578    6.3575075   9.1854482
4   -13.9020725  -13.8751169   -9.9692492  -5.7205310
5   -26.2018878  -25.6789948  -19.6533859 -14.5865603
6   -15.4871932  -15.2419860   -6.8434238  -0.8066797
7   -14.1347094  -14.2751777   -4.5532670   2.5371869
8     7.6573971    7.0516291   20.0454082  29.5035655
9    14.2423208   11.7158540   26.8344705  38.9592733
10   12.9404280   10.4012970   23.8946655  35.4711499
11   13.5389572   11.8270242   22.4562988  32.0706150
12  -16.0386215  -17.8927906   -9.0232955  -0.9692534
13   -8.5479951  -11.4090786   -3.6729858   3.3122453
14  -17.4529120  -21.1515732  -13.8185905  -7.4398603
15  -26.7000634  -32.3277592  -23.1025683 -15.1729123
16   -4.0032531  -12.2613379   -1.8825783   6.7213671
17    8.8957503   -0.9585969    9.9365482  19.0748503
18   32.0322364   19.9301513   34.8202923  46.4041208
19   28.0687543   13.6083628   31.6832461  45.0969812
20   -3.0728661  -16.5312407   -0.9657741  10.3036339
21   11.7878788   -3.0478064   13.8424842  25.9771667
22    9.9892550   -4.9871205   11.5740132  23.2690438
23   22.8998538    6.0118306   22.7025023  35.3195641
24    5.7808321  -10.5933649    4.4892100  17.1939799
25   -6.0924242  -21.5923200   -9.2917299   2.1220339
26  -11.7374904  -28.1082658  -15.9798464  -4.1112579
27  -15.0147630  -29.3107975  -18.0836088  -6.8478348
28  -24.9128044  -38.4231537  -27.1156275 -15.6860608
29  -37.9817750  -51.6920999  -39.2222444 -25.5189189
30  -13.6706635  -27.6301887  -12.9572997   4.1337481
31   11.1107518   -1.6798887   12.6577970  30.1665708
32   31.8661224   19.8344487   34.2043033  52.8466940
33  -10.3451693  -20.2538434   -7.4683061   9.4857313
34  -13.6655462  -25.3717809  -11.4776440   7.5315424
35   11.2209802   -4.4268833   11.5400743  34.4884934
36   17.5595027   -4.1725697   12.6989773  37.6937120
37   72.3065693   41.3124760   61.7028494  93.0466741
38   89.8718428   55.3121569   74.5758621 107.7117030
39   63.0495238   35.4953908   50.1743506  77.7465922
40    4.5273250  -13.0854353   -2.6323285  18.1108514
41  -35.0096805  -48.1653640  -40.5522281 -23.7343486
42  -38.8347996  -52.1927711  -44.3939981 -26.6579849
43  -22.7564612  -40.4697479  -30.9755202  -8.8881556
44  -13.3679435  -33.7536109  -23.0032210   2.4724771
45  -21.5969388  -39.8752151  -29.9660974  -5.3971963
46  -22.2257732  -40.7611160  -30.0873218  -2.5576712
47   41.9854318   17.0388007   32.5581635  72.6495345
48   -4.7979058  -22.0000000   -9.4891390  22.1506720
49    0.8379237  -16.0771325   -2.3059105  31.0642555
50  -48.0432432  -64.6712707  -52.6205779 -23.2243465
51  -31.9405286  -50.1658080  -38.1287671  -6.7165479
52   13.3228700   -6.7078972    5.6320178  39.4271923
53   -9.9223744  -28.5279383  -18.3334270  10.8911537
54  -53.0358796  -69.7852611  -60.7242951 -33.7608786
55  -89.4042056 -106.8017795  -97.2221262 -66.1765325
56 -103.2912736 -117.4078156 -109.6670551 -81.5685855
57  -72.8317422  -89.7210127  -80.3448276 -46.6401129
58  -10.6460606  -33.5872690  -21.9263346  23.1584507
59   44.2416769   18.7887617   30.1124849  78.4170944
60   44.5294118   20.8873684   30.3804447  73.9218079
61   10.4536213  -11.1676424   -2.9950724  35.7541848
62  -13.4498715  -33.8472297  -26.4354588  10.9618605
63  -63.7424837  -83.6746464  -77.0424528 -42.0920245
64  -48.7203166  -74.8127054  -65.6121866 -20.2087413
65  -54.8806366  -77.7627958  -69.0863171 -28.6426332
66  -23.3034759  -46.2179700  -37.3916828   3.1970803
67   -0.4412955  -23.6060606  -14.4324853  28.0687361
68  -39.1934605  -58.2712826  -50.0247934 -13.7366842
69   -6.1793103  -26.9323006  -17.4225871  21.8382838
70  -67.7006993  -86.3950260  -77.7722806 -44.0970399
71  -95.0128023 -112.5663925 -104.3164426 -73.0256679
72  -58.8480463  -81.8627685  -71.4795383 -31.1377660
73  -31.9423077  -54.7657492  -45.3222698  -3.9940266
74   19.1490964   -3.2852665    5.1545455  50.2359800
75   11.1428571   -7.3954082    0.8880652  43.2303546
76   36.2714724   16.8534538   27.1051243  74.8324168
77  -18.1261682  -37.0353403  -27.1089450  18.6923529
78   -4.6456693  -25.0848244  -14.1691176  37.1199284
79  -55.9234450  -70.8848485  -61.7751479 -22.0358990
80  -80.6779935  -92.1077763  -84.1910700 -54.3332299
81  -63.1845140  -74.0436590  -66.2472325 -38.5645570
82  -27.2136895  -45.7618041  -30.1320755  20.0032362
83  -45.6570458  -61.3812950  -45.2886109   0.1458056
84   59.9193825   35.7708029   65.4523810 142.0542107
85   77.8921739   53.8424963   87.0364701 170.8487600
86  191.6063269  163.8654573  209.0661157 321.5901464
87   62.0849558   46.1521906   84.5931883 167.5243004
88   92.6666667   81.5545171  126.6058394 210.9166035
89    3.2517986   -2.0382166   30.7330657  87.3248731
90  -19.4141049  -20.6461039    7.3760903  55.6041667 

以下是我用来绘制这些代码的代码。

x1 = rep(1:90)

z1 = Errors[[1]]
z2 = Errors[[2]]
z3 = Errors[[3]]
Z4 = Errors[[4]]

plot(x1,z1,type="l",col="red", bty="L", xlab="Forecast Days",ylab="Error") #Plot first line
points(x1,z2,type="l",col="blue") #Add second
points(x1,z3,type="l",col="darkgoldenrod2") #Add third 
points(x1,z4,type="l", lwd=3, col="green") #Add fourth

当绘制第四条线时，它会高于其他线，远离图表区域，部分位于查看窗口之外。当我以相反的顺序（第4到第1）绘制它们时，第4行以类似的方式绘制得很好，第3到第1个绘图方式在图表区域之下。我没有得到任何错误消息，我无法找到任何其他的例子来理解为什么会这样。

我使用相同的代码和方法绘制原始预测数据（计算错误的数据）并且没有这样的问题。

我知道我也可以使用ggplot2进行制图，但有时候我仍然使用这种方法。任何帮助表示赞赏。

对代码进行一些建议的更改以包含ylim仍会产生类似的结果：

plot(x1,z1,type="l",col="red", bty="L", xlab="Forecast Days",ylab="Error", ylim = c(min(Errors),max(Errors)))  #Plot first destination
points(x1,z2,type="l",col="blue")                                                #Addition of second destination
points(x1,z3,type="l",col="darkgoldenrod2")                                               #Addition of a third destination
points(x1,z4,type="l", lwd=3, col="green")                                     #Addition of a third destination

第四条线已经下降，但由于数据完全相似，它仍然远离应有的位置。

Answer 1

其中一条线落在绘图区域之外的原因可能是因为绘图区域的坐标是根据您在初始plot()命令中使用的数据计算的。

可以通过手动设置y轴范围轻松纠正。您可以使用绘图命令中的参数ylim()来完成此操作。在这里，我只计算了数据的最小值和最大值，并将其用作y轴限制。

这应该可以解决问题：

plot(x1,z1,type="l",col="red", bty="L", xlab="Forecast Days",ylab="Error",ylim=c(min(Errors),max(Errors))) #Plot first line
points(x1,z2,type="l",col="blue") #Add second
points(x1,z3,type="l",col="darkgoldenrod2") #Add third 
points(x1,Z4,type="l", lwd=3, col="green") #Add fourth

另一个选择是使用matplot()功能：

matplot(Errors, type="l")