我想实现一个小线程包装器,它在线程仍处于活动状态时提供信息,或者线程是否已完成其工作。为此,我需要将函数及其参数传递给线程类到另一个函数。我有一个简单的实现应该可以工作,但不能让它编译,我无法弄清楚如何使其工作。
这是我的代码:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <utility>
class ManagedThread
{
public:
template< class Function, class... Args> explicit ManagedThread( Function&& f, Args&&... args);
bool isActive() const { return mActive; }
private:
volatile bool mActive;
std::thread mThread;
};
template< class Function, class... Args>
void threadFunction( volatile bool& active_flag, Function&& f, Args&&... args)
{
active_flag = true;
f( args...);
active_flag = false;
}
template< class Function, class... Args>
ManagedThread::ManagedThread( Function&& f, Args&&... args):
mActive( false),
mThread( threadFunction< Function, Args...>, std::ref( mActive), f, args...)
{
}
static void func() { std::cout << "thread 1" << std::endl; }
int main() {
ManagedThread mt1( func);
std::cout << "thread 1 active = " << std::boolalpha << mt1.isActive() << std::endl;
::sleep( 1);
std::cout << "thread 1 active = " << std::boolalpha << mt1.isActive() << std::endl;
return 0;
}
我得到的编译器错误:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/thread:39:0,
from prog.cpp:4:
/usr/include/c++/5/functional: In instantiation of 'struct std::_Bind_simple<void (*(std::reference_wrapper<volatile bool>, void (*)()))(volatile bool&, void (&)())>':
/usr/include/c++/5/thread:137:59: required from 'std::thread::thread(_Callable&&, _Args&& ...) [with _Callable = void (&)(volatile bool&, void (&)()); _Args = {std::reference_wrapper<volatile bool>, void (&)()}]'
prog.cpp:28:82: required from 'ManagedThread::ManagedThread(Function&&, Args&& ...) [with Function = void (&)(); Args = {}]'
prog.cpp:35:28: required from here
/usr/include/c++/5/functional:1505:61: error: no type named 'type' in 'class std::result_of<void (*(std::reference_wrapper<volatile bool>, void (*)()))(volatile bool&, void (&)())>'
typedef typename result_of<_Callable(_Args...)>::type result_type;
^
/usr/include/c++/5/functional:1526:9: error: no type named 'type' in 'class std::result_of<void (*(std::reference_wrapper<volatile bool>, void (*)()))(volatile bool&, void (&)())>'
_M_invoke(_Index_tuple<_Indices...>)
^
此处提供了实例:https://ideone.com/jhBF1q
答案 0 :(得分:7)
在错误消息中,您可以看到差异void (*)()
与void (&)()
。这是因为std::thread's constructor参数是std::decay
ed 。
还将std::ref
添加到f
:
template< class Function, class... Args>
ManagedThread::ManagedThread( Function&& f, Args&&... args):
mActive( false),
mThread( threadFunction< Function, Args...>, std::ref(mActive), std::ref(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...)
{
}
答案 1 :(得分:6)
@O'Neil的答案是正确的,但我想提供一种简单的lambda方法,因为你已将其标记为C++14
。
template<class Function, class... Args>
ManagedThread::ManagedThread(Function&& f, Args&&... args):
mActive(false),
mThread([&] /*()*/ { // uncomment if C++11 compatibility needed
mActive = true;
std::forward<Function>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
mActive = false;
})
{}
这将不再需要外部功能。
答案 2 :(得分:4)
O'Neil和DeiDei先来到这里,就我所知,他们是正确的。但是,我仍在发布我的问题解决方案。
以下是更好的方法:
#include <atomic>
#include <thread>
#include <utility>
class ManagedThread {
public: /* Methods: */
template <class F, class ... Args>
explicit ManagedThread(F && f, Args && ... args)
: m_thread(
[func=std::forward<F>(f), flag=&m_active](Args && ... args)
noexcept(noexcept(f(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
{
func(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
flag->store(false, std::memory_order_release);
},
std::forward<Args>(args)...)
{}
bool isActive() const noexcept
{ return m_active.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
private: /* Fields: */
std::atomic<bool> m_active{true};
std::thread m_thread;
};
它改为使用lambdas,并正确使用std::atomic<bool>
代替volatile
来同步状态,还包括相应的noexcept()
说明符。
另请注意,基础std::thread
在销毁之前未正确连接或分离,因此导致std::terminate()
被调用。
我也重写了测试代码:
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
ManagedThread mt1(
[]() noexcept
{ std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500)); });
std::cout << "thread 1 active = " << std::boolalpha << mt1.isActive()
<< std::endl;
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
std::cout << "thread 1 active = " << std::boolalpha << mt1.isActive()
<< std::endl;
}
答案 3 :(得分:0)
以下内容简单,优雅,据我所知,在所有当前答案中最正确(请参见下文):
template < class Function, class... Args >
ManagedThread::ManagedThread( Function&& fn, Args&&... args ) :
mActive(false),
mThread(
[this]( auto&& fn2, auto&&... args2 ) -> void {
mActive = true;
fn2(std::forward<Args>(args2)...);
mActive = false;
},
std::forward<Function>(fn), std::forward<Args>(args)...
)
{}
The answer有一个微妙但重要的缺陷:lambda通过引用获取堆栈变量,因此,如果线程在构造函数返回后启动并尝试使用堆栈变量,则可以获取堆栈-使用后释放错误。确实,使用-fsanitize=address
进行编译通常足以证明问题所在。
The answer在例如任何参数都是左值,并且有点笨拙。
jotik的The answer很接近,但是在参数既不是左值也不是成员函数时都不起作用。