JShell / Java 9中的相等性是怎么回事?

时间:2017-01-19 18:27:56

标签: java java-9 jshell

我一直在使用JShell来测试它,今天我遇到了相当有趣的行为。

jshell> String a = "A"
a ==> "A"

jshell> String b = "A"
b ==> "A"

jshell> a == b
$4 ==> true

jshell> "A" == "A"
$5 ==> true

我首先想知道这是否是Java 9的一个功能,我通过使用Java 9编译和运行该程序来检查它

public class Equus {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        String a = "A";
        String b = "A";
        System.out.println("a == b");
        System.out.println(a == b);
        System.out.println("\"A\" == \"A\"");
        System.out.println("A" == "A");
    }
}

有趣的是,我得到了

a == b 
true 
"A" == "A" 
true

也是我的输出。这里发生了什么?为什么ab彼此相等,为什么"A" == "A"为真?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:10)

为什么不应该?此行为也在以前的Java版本中展示 - 字符串文字被实现。

如您所知,==检查引用相等性 - 两个变量具有相同的内存地址。当一个String被实现时,该字符串的所有引用都指向实习池,因此使用==将相等。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

我只想将此演示与Sinkingpoint的精彩答案一起添加 在字符串上使用==是不安全的,除非您知道每个字符串的来源,因为以某种方式构建的字符串(例如Eli中的new String("A")注释或此处使用的.toString()不是相同的引用,即使两者确实使用相同的基础字符数组。

class Main
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    String oneA = "A";
    String twoA = "A";
    String three = new StringBuilder().append('A').toString();

    // We expect constant literals to be ==
    System.out.print("A == A -> ");
    System.out.println("A" == "A");

    // Variables assigned the same literal are also ==
    System.out.print("oneA == twoA -> ");
    System.out.println(oneA == twoA);

    // but a built-up String var is not == to the "literal" var.
    System.out.print("oneA == three -> ");
    System.out.println(oneA == three);

    // If we intern() them they are again ==
    System.out.print("oneA.intern() == three.intern() -> ");
    System.out.println(oneA.intern() == three.intern());

    // and of course, .equals() is always safe.
    System.out.print("oneA .equals three -> ");
    System.out.println(oneA.equals(three));
  }
}

此输出(在https://repl.it/languages/java上运行)是:

A == A -> true
oneA == twoA -> true
oneA == three -> false
oneA.intern() == three.intern() -> true
oneA .equals three -> true

您可以安全地使用string1.equals(string2)string1.intern() == string2.intern()