我正在开发一个程序，用于在xml中对发票进行数字签名。我按照本指南https://www.profissionaisti.com.br/2010/07/assinando-digitalmente-um-xml-usando-c/#comment-197297进行了操作。但是，我收到错误的格式错误的参考元素。 代码是：
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//open certificates of current user
var store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
//Open screen to choose certificate
var selectedCertificate = X509Certificate2UI.SelectFromCollection(
store.Certificates,
"Title",
"MSG",
X509SelectionFlag.SingleSelection);
//Gets the x509 object of the selected certificate
foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in selectedCertificate)
{
try
{
//==============================
// Start reading xml files
//==============================
var txtFiles = Directory.EnumerateFiles("./", "*.xml");
foreach (string currentFile in txtFiles)
{
Console.WriteLine("Reading file " + currentFile + ":");
var originalDoc = XDocument.Load(currentFile);
XmlDocument doc = DocumentExtensions.ToXmlDocument(originalDoc);
//==============================
// Start reading bills
//==============================
获取xml节点InfRps，它是xml中帐单的表示形式：
XmlNodeList ListInfRps = doc.GetElementsByTagName("InfRps");
int NodeCounter = 1;
foreach (XmlElement InfRps in ListInfRps)
{
.NET框架的命名空间System.Security.Cryptography.Xml上有一个名为SignedXml的类，它实现了W3C标准，用于签名文档和验证签名文档。下面的代码启动了这个类。
string id = InfRps.Attributes.GetNamedItem("Id").Value;
SignedXml signedXml = new SignedXml(InfRps);
signedXml.SigningKey = x509.PrivateKey;
根据IRS，XML必须在处理之前以规范形式放置。类Reference负责处理过程的这一部分，包括节点infNFE的识别和所需的转换：
// Transformation for DigestValue
Reference reference = new Reference("#" + id);
//Reference reference = new Reference("#" + "lote");
reference.AddTransform(new XmlDsigEnvelopedSignatureTransform());
reference.AddTransform(new XmlDsigC14NTransform());
signedXml.AddReference(reference);
在计算签名之前，我们必须配置对所使用的数字证书信息的处理。根据这些数据，IRS能够验证签名，并确保在账单发送者签署之后没有任何信息被修改。我们必须包含一个包含证书数据的条款。
KeyInfo keyInfo = new KeyInfo();
keyInfo.AddClause(new KeyInfoX509Data(x509));
signedXml.KeyInfo = keyInfo;
现在，我们应该计算签名：这是错误。
signedXml.ComputeSignature();
如果计算签名有效，我们可以在xml上创建元素签名：
XmlElement xmlSignature = doc.CreateElement("Signature", "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#");
XmlAttribute attr = doc.CreateAttribute("Id");
attr.Value = "Ass_" + id;
//Add the attribute to the node
xmlSignature.Attributes.SetNamedItem(attr);
XmlElement xmlSignedInfo = signedXml.SignedInfo.GetXml();
XmlElement xmlKeyInfo = signedXml.KeyInfo.GetXml();
XmlElement xmlSignatureValue = doc.CreateElement("SignatureValue", xmlSignature.NamespaceURI);
string signBase64 = Convert.ToBase64String(signedXml.Signature.SignatureValue);
XmlText text = doc.CreateTextNode(signBase64);
xmlSignatureValue.AppendChild(text);
xmlSignature.AppendChild(doc.ImportNode(xmlSignedInfo, true));
xmlSignature.AppendChild(xmlSignatureValue);
xmlSignature.AppendChild(doc.ImportNode(xmlKeyInfo, true));
XmlNodeList ListRps = doc.GetElementsByTagName("Rps");
int RpsCounter = 1;
foreach (XmlElement Rps in ListRps)
{
if (RpsCounter == NodeCounter)
{
Rps.AppendChild(xmlSignature);
}
RpsCounter++;
}
Console.WriteLine("Ok");
NodeCounter++;
}
(...)
我收到CryptographicException：格式错误的引用元素：
System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Malformed reference element.
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Reference.CalculateHashValue(XmlDocument
document, CanonicalXmlNodeList refList)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.SignedXml.BuildDigestedReferences()
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.SignedXml.ComputeSignature()
at escolhercertificadosimples.Program.Main(String[] args) in
C:\Users\user\Do
cuments\Visual Studio
2015\Projects\assinaturalote\assinaturalote\Program.cs:line 143
Pressione qualquer tecla para continuar. . .
要签名的xml示例如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<EnviarLoteRpsEnvio xmlns="http://www.abrasf.org.br/nfse.xsd">
<LoteRps Id="lote" versao="1.00">
<NumeroLote>8</NumeroLote>
<Cnpj>09419261123115</Cnpj>
<InscricaoMunicipal>51624621</InscricaoMunicipal>
<QuantidadeRps>1</QuantidadeRps>
<ListaRps>
<Rps xmlns="http://www.abrasf.org.br/nfse.xsd">
<InfRps Id="rps:8201603150148">
<IdentificacaoRps>
<Numero>8201613150148</Numero>
<Serie>248</Serie>
<Tipo>2</Tipo>
</IdentificacaoRps>
<DataEmissao>2016-03-15T18:18:39</DataEmissao>
<NaturezaOperacao>1</NaturezaOperacao>
<OptanteSimplesNacional>2</OptanteSimplesNacional>
<IncentivadorCultural>2</IncentivadorCultural>
<Status>1</Status>
<Servico>
<Valores>
<ValorServicos>20.00</ValorServicos>
<ValorDeducoes>0.00</ValorDeducoes>
<ValorPis>1.60</ValorPis>
<ValorCofins>2.00</ValorCofins>
<ValorInss>0.00</ValorInss>
<ValorIr>3.00</ValorIr>
<ValorCsll>2.00</ValorCsll>
<IssRetido>1</IssRetido>
<OutrasRetencoes>0.00</OutrasRetencoes>
<DescontoIncondicionado>0.00</DescontoIncondicionado>
<DescontoCondicionado>0.00</DescontoCondicionado>
</Valores>
<ItemListaServico>1.07</ItemListaServico>
<CodigoTributacaoMunicipio>10700100</CodigoTributacaoMunicipio>
<Discriminacao>test.</Discriminacao>
<CodigoMunicipio>4314902</CodigoMunicipio>
</Servico>
<Prestador>
<Cnpj>09419261000115</Cnpj>
<InscricaoMunicipal>51624621</InscricaoMunicipal>
</Prestador>
<Tomador>
<IdentificacaoTomador>
<CpfCnpj>
<Cnpj>14525684000150</Cnpj>
</CpfCnpj>
</IdentificacaoTomador>
<RazaoSocial>test S.A.</RazaoSocial>
<Endereco>
<Endereco>Rua test</Endereco>
<Numero>83</Numero>
<Complemento>Sala test</Complemento>
<Bairro>Centro</Bairro>
<CodigoMunicipio>3304557</CodigoMunicipio>
<Uf>RJ</Uf>
<Cep>20091007</Cep>
</Endereco>
<Contato>
<Telefone>2136261100</Telefone>
<Email>test@test.com.br</Email>
</Contato>
</Tomador>
</InfRps>
</Rps>
</ListaRps>
</LoteRps>
</EnviarLoteRpsEnvio>
有人有任何想法吗？任何想法都是apreciated
答案 0 :(得分：2)
您的Id值（rps:8201603150148）中有冒号，这对于标识符属性是非法的。 （按https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-id/#processing，The normalized value of the attribute is an NCName...，其中＆＃34; NC＆＃34;部分＆＃34; NCName＆＃34;是＆＃34;无冒号＆＃34;）
由于在Id值中有一个冒号，SignedXml不会解决它，所以它表示你的参考指向无处。
如果您正在编写新代码并且对您的（技术上格式错误的）标识符属性值没有要求，那么最好的答案就是摆脱冒号（下划线通常在此角色中很好用）。
由于符合xml：id约束使得最具互操作性的文档成为最佳答案。
下一个最佳答案是扩展SignedXml类并覆盖GetIdElement。你应该尽可能严格地使你的匹配逻辑。请注意，必须在签名者和接收者身上执行此逻辑...并且只有双方都能够接受松散的一致性文档才有效。
internal class RpsSignedXml : SignedXml
{
// ctors and other members as appropriate
public override XmlElement GetIdElement(XmlDocument document, string idValue)
{
if (document == null)
return null;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(idValue))
return null;
if (!idValue.StartsWith("rps:"))
return base.GetIdElement(document, idValue);
string xPath = $"//InfRps[@Id=\"{idValue}\"]";
XmlNodeList nodeList = document.SelectNodes(xPath);
if (nodeList == null || nodeList.Count != 1)
return null;
return nodeList[0] as XmlElement;
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：1)
我有类似的问题。我得到了这个例外：
Unable to resolve Uri cid:Part-0986dfc9-2748-41a4-8624-e505e98b29be.
System.Security
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Reference.CalculateHashValue(XmlDocument document, CanonicalXmlNodeList refList)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.SignedXml.BuildDigestedReferences()
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.SignedXml.ComputeSignature()
at EmpTestWeb.BL.ebXMLSigner.ComputeSig(X509Certificate2 cert, XmlDocument doc, String externalReferenceUri) in C:\Websites\TestWeb\BL\ebXMLSigner.cs:line 67
at ASP.ebxml_aspx.GenerateHeaderXML() in c:\Websites\TestWeb\ebXML.aspx:line 227
at ASP.ebxml_aspx.btnSubmit_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) in c:\Websites\TestWeb\ebXML.aspx:line 89
如果我尝试使用这个类，它没有用：
class ebXMLSignedXml : SignedXml
{
// ctors and other members as appropriate
public ebXMLSignedXml(XmlDocument doc) : base(doc) { }
public override XmlElement GetIdElement(XmlDocument document, string idValue)
{
if (document == null)
return null;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(idValue))
return null;
if (!idValue.StartsWith("cid:"))
return base.GetIdElement(document, idValue);
string xPath = $"//InfRps[@Id=\"{idValue}\"]";
XmlNodeList nodeList = document.SelectNodes(xPath);
if (nodeList == null || nodeList.Count != 1)
return null;
return nodeList[0] as XmlElement;
}
}
它永远不会到达应该使用Id="cid:...."
<强>解
我最终传递了内容流而不是URI，并手动将URI =“cpa：13131312”属性添加到生成的XML中。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
以我为例，几天之后就被困了。这是Reference.uri。我将其保存为“＃1”，但不能以数字开头，我将其保留在“ #test”以及要签名的XML的ID中。我有“ 1”，并留在“测试”上。