conda环境是否可以访问“root”环境？ （==系统包）？

Question

康达的'根'环境是什么？它只是一个使用（仅）系统包的环境吗？

其他环境是否也使用系统包（我会假设优先考虑他们的重复版本）？

或者我是否需要在我想要使用它们的环境中安装所有软件包？

有没有办法将其配置为选项？

我安装了一个系统软件包，但是当我在conda环境中时无法导入它。

Answer 1

根环境就是您启动的环境。您只能访问已在当前conda环境中明确安装的python包。这是我的系统的样子。请注意，python模块搜索列表（sys.path）中的所有路径都位于根conda文件夹中：

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
anvio                    /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/anvio
anvio2                   /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/anvio2
jupyter                  /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/jupyter
snake                    /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake
root                  *  /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ python -c "import sys; print(\"\\n\".join(sys.path))"

/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python35.zip
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/plat-darwin
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/aeosa
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/galaxy_lib-17.5.9-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/mmtf_python-1.0.5-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pysftp-0.2.8-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.3-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/urllib3-1.12-py3.5.egg

当您切换conda环境时，python现在将从特定于该环境的文件夹中提取python模块：

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ source activate snake
(snake) jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ python -c "import sys; print(\"\\n\".join(sys.path))"

/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python35.zip
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/plat-darwin
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/mmtf_python-1.0.5-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pysftp-0.2.8-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.3-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/urllib3-1.12-py3.5.egg

如果您想要访问python模块，则必须使用conda install XXX（推荐）或pip install XXX在该conda环境中明确安装。

据我所知，没有简单的方法来覆盖这种行为。

注意：对于非python程序，情况并非如此。执行路径中的任何程序将始终可用，优先考虑通过conda安装的程序。这是因为conda安装位置位于PATH的开头。 EG：

(snake) jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ echo $PATH
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/bin:/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin