我正在尝试使用Tkinter（python）创建一个非常漂亮的彩色Firework，虽然它对我没用。问题是爆炸（火箭类）部分的Firework粒子没有停止，我不知道为什么。我已经尝试了很多东西，但它没有变得更好。
**注意：我正在谈论的类称为Rocket，其中粒子移动和被攻击并且不会停止“爆炸”** - 我使用了Particle类和Firework类，所以你不需要阅读所有代码只是那些部分。
我的代码：
import tkinter as tk
from time import time, sleep
from random import choice, uniform, randint
from math import sin, cos, radians
from sys import modules
GRAVITY = 30 # you can play around with this if you want
class Particle:
"""Generic class for particles.
Particles can be emitted by Fireworks objects. They are displayed for a
specified lifespan and then removed from the canvas.
Attributes:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the particle is drawn.
cid (Tk.canvas): the tkinter canvas id for the particle.
x (float): x-coordinate of the particle.
y (float): y-coordinate of the particle.
vx (float): x-velocity of the particle (in pixels per second).
vy (float): y-velocity of the particle (in pixels per second).
color (str): color of the particle.
age (float): age of the particle.
lifespan (float): lifespan of the particle (in seconds).
"""
def __init__(self, cv=None, color='white', x=0., y=0.,
vx=0., vy=0., lifespan=5.):
"""Init Particle objects.
Args:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the particle is drawn.
x (float): x-coordinate of the particle.
Defaults to 0.0.
y (float): y-coordinate of the particle.
Defaults to 0.0.
vx (float): x-velocity of the particle (in pixels per second).
Defaults to 0.0.
vy (float): y-velocity of the particle (in pixels per second).
Defaults to 0.0.
color (str): color of the particle.
Defaults to 'white'.
lifespan (float): lifespan of the particle (in seconds).
Defaults to 5.0.
"""
self.cv = cv
self.cid = None
self.x, self.y = x, y
self.vx, self.vy = vx, vy
self.color = color
self.age, self.lifespan = 0, lifespan
def update(self, dt):
"""Update position and velocity after dt seconds have passed.
Args:
dt (float): the time that has passed after the last update (in s).
"""
self.age += dt
if self.alive():
self.vy += GRAVITY * dt
self.x += self.vx * dt
self.y += self.vy * dt
self.cv.move(self.cid, self.vx * dt, self.vy * dt)
elif self.cid is not None:
cv.delete(self.cid)
self.cid = None
def alive(self):
"""Check if particle is still within its lifespan."""
return self.age <= self.lifespan
class SquareParticle(Particle):
"""A Particle with a quadratic shape"""
def __init__(self, x=0., y=0., size=2., **kwargs):
super().__init__(x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
self.cid = self.cv.create_polygon(
x - size, y - size, x + size, y - size,
x + size, y + size, x - size, y + size,
fill=self.color)
class TriangleParticle(Particle):
"""A Particle with a triangular shape"""
def __init__(self, x=0., y=0., size=2., **kwargs):
super().__init__(x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
self.cid = self.cv.create_polygon(
x - size, y - size, x + size,
y - size, x, y + size,
fill=self.color)
class CircularParticle(Particle):
"""A Particle with a circular shape."""
def __init__(self, x=0., y=0., size=2., **kwargs):
super().__init__(x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
self.cid = self.cv.create_oval(
x - size, y - size, x + size,
y + size, fill=self.color)
class Fireworks:
"""Generic class for fireworks.
The main "behavior" of a fireworks is specified via its update method.
E.g., new particles can be emitted and added to the particle list. The
Fireworks base class automatically updates all particles from the particle
list in its update method.
Attributes:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the fireworks is drawn.
age (float): age of the fireworks.
particles (list of Particle): list of generated particles.
"""
def __init__(self, cv=None):
"""Init Fireworks objects.
Args:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the particle is drawn.
"""
self.cv = cv
self.age = 0
self.particles = []
def update(self, dt):
"""Update the fireworks' particles and remove dead ones.
Args:
dt (float): the time that has passed after the last update (in s).
"""
self.age += dt
for p in self.particles:
p.update(dt)
for i in range(len(self.particles) - 1, -1, -1):
if not self.particles[i].alive():
del self.particles[i]
class Volcano(Fireworks):
"""A volcano that continuously emits colored particles.
Attributes:
x (float): x-coordinate of the volcano.
pps (float): the number of particles to spawn per second.
colors (list of string): the colors of the particles to spawn."""
def __init__(self, cv, x, pps, colors):
"""Init Volcano objects.
Args:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the particle is drawn.
x (float): x-coordinate of the volcano.
pps (float): the number of particles to spawn per second.
colors (list of string): the colors of the particles to spawn.
"""
super().__init__(cv)
self.cid = cv.create_polygon(x - 12, 530, # size and color are fixed
x + 12, 530, # (can be parametrized)
x, 500,
fill="orange")
self.x = x
self.pps = pps
self.colors = colors
self._tospawn = 0
def update(self, dt):
"""Continuously emits new random particles and updates them.
Args:
dt (float): the time that has passed after the last update (in s).
"""
super().update(dt)
self._tospawn += self.pps * dt
color = self.colors[int(self.age / 3) % len(self.colors)]
for i in range(int(self._tospawn)):
ptype = choice(
[SquareParticle, TriangleParticle, CircularParticle])
angle = uniform(-0.25, 0.25)
speed = -uniform(80.0, 120.0)
vx = sin(angle) * speed
vy = cos(angle) * speed
self.particles.append(
ptype(cv=self.cv, x=self.x, y=500, color=color, vx=vx, vy=vy))
self._tospawn -= int(self._tospawn)
class Rocket(Particle, Fireworks):
def __init__(self, cv, x=0., y=0., size=2., **kwargs):
super().__init__(cv, x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
self.cid = self.cv.create_oval(
x - size, y - size, x + size,
y + size, fill=self.color)
self.x = x
self.pps = 100
self.colors = ['red']
self._tospawn = 0
self.particles = []
def update(self, dt):
self.age += dt
if self.alive():
self.vy += -GRAVITY * dt
self.x += self.vx * dt
self.y += self.vy * dt
self.cv.move(self.cid, self.vx * dt, self.vy * dt)
elif self.cid is not None:
cv.delete(self.cid)
self.cid = None
if self.cid is None:
Fireworks.update(self, dt)
color = self.colors[int(self.age / 3) % len(self.colors)]
self._tospawn += self.pps * dt
for i in range(int(self._tospawn)):
ptype = choice(
[CircularParticle])
angle = uniform(-100, 100)
speed = -uniform(80, 120.0)
vx = sin(angle) * speed
vy = cos(angle) * speed
self.particles.append(
ptype(cv=self.cv, x=self.x, y=self.y, color=color, vx=vx, vy=vy))
self._tospawn -= self.pps * dt
def simulate(cv, objects):
"""Fireworks simulation loop.
Args:
cv (float): the canvas in which the firework objects are drawn.
objects (float): the firework objects.
"""
t = time()
while running:
sleep(0.01)
tnew = time()
t, dt = tnew, tnew - t
for o in objects:
o.update(dt)
cv.update()
def close(*ignore):
"""Stops simulation loop and closes the window."""
global running
running = False
root.destroy()
if __name__ == '__main__':
x = 10
root = tk.Tk()
cv = tk.Canvas(root, height=600, width=800)
cv.create_rectangle(0, 0, 800, 600, fill="black") # sky
cv.create_rectangle(0, 450, 800, 600, fill="gray11") # ground
cv.pack()
v1 = Volcano(cv, 400, 100, ["red", "green", "gold"])
ro = Rocket(cv, 600, 500)
objects = [v1, ro]
# close with [ESC] or (x) button
root.bind('<Escape>', close)
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close)
running = True
root.after(500, simulate, cv, objects)
if "idlelib" not in modules:
root.mainloop()
对我而言，更重要的是要解释为什么会发生这种情况，所以如果我在其中得到解释会非常好。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
在Rocket我必须搬家
self._tospawn += self.pps * dt
进入
elif self.cid is not None:
停止烟火
elif self.cid is not None:
cv.delete(self.cid)
self.cid = None
self._tospawn += 10 * self.pps * dt
if self.cid is None:
Fireworks.update(self, dt)
color = self.colors[int(self.age / 3) % len(self.colors)]
for i in range(int(self._tospawn)):
ptype = choice(
[CircularParticle])
angle = uniform(-100, 100)
speed = -uniform(80, 120.0)
vx = sin(angle) * speed
vy = cos(angle) * speed
self.particles.append(
ptype(cv=self.cv, x=self.x, y=self.y, color=color, vx=vx, vy=vy))
self._tospawn -= self.pps * dt
您可以移动除Framework.update()
elif self.cid is not None:
cv.delete(self.cid)
self.cid = None
self._tospawn += 10 * self.pps * dt
color = self.colors[int(self.age / 3) % len(self.colors)]
for i in range(int(self._tospawn)):
ptype = choice(
[CircularParticle])
angle = uniform(-100, 100)
speed = -uniform(80, 120.0)
vx = sin(angle) * speed
vy = cos(angle) * speed
self.particles.append(
ptype(cv=self.cv, x=self.x, y=self.y, color=color, vx=vx, vy=vy))
self._tospawn -= self.pps * dt
if self.cid is None:
Fireworks.update(self, dt)