如何使用SQL（select / storage procedure / etc）从SQL Server数据库生成所有表的DDL（带外键，索引等）脚本？除了数据，我需要一切。
我不能使用Sql Server Management Studio，因为我想在一个将在linux上运行的node.js脚本中使用它！
答案 0 :(得分：3)
对于表格:(您可以按照以下方式工作）
DECLARE @C VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE C CURSOR FOR
SELECT 'EXEC [DBO].[SP_GETDDL] '''+NAME+'''' FROM SYS.TABLES
OPEN C
FETCH NEXT FROM C INTO @C
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
EXEC (@C)
FETCH NEXT FROM C INTO @C
END
CLOSE C
DEALLOCATE C
程序如下：
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Sp_getddl] @TBL VARCHAR(255)
AS
BEGIN
SET nocount ON
DECLARE @TBLNAME VARCHAR(200),
@SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(255),
@STRINGLEN INT,
@TABLE_ID INT,
@FINALSQL VARCHAR(max),
@CONSTRAINTSQLS VARCHAR(max),
@CHECKCONSTSQLS VARCHAR(max),
@RULESCONSTSQLS VARCHAR(max),
@FKSQLS VARCHAR(max),
@TRIGGERSTATEMENT VARCHAR(max),
@EXTENDEDPROPERTIES VARCHAR(max),
@INDEXSQLS VARCHAR(max),
@vbCrLf CHAR(2)
SET @vbCrLf = Char(13) + Char(10)
SELECT @SCHEMANAME = Isnull(Parsename(@TBL, 2), 'dbo'),
@TBLNAME = Parsename(@TBL, 1)
SELECT @TABLE_ID = [object_id]
FROM sys.objects
WHERE [type] = 'U'
AND [name] <> 'dtproperties'
AND [name] = @TBLNAME
AND [schema_id] = Schema_id(@SCHEMANAME);
IF Isnull(@TABLE_ID, 0) = 0
BEGIN
SET @FINALSQL = 'Table object [' + @SCHEMANAME + '].['
+ Upper(@TBLNAME)
+ '] does not exist in Database ['
+ Db_name() + ']'
SELECT @FINALSQL;
RETURN 0
END
SELECT @FINALSQL = 'CREATE TABLE [' + @SCHEMANAME + '].['
+ Upper(@TBLNAME) + '] ( '
SELECT @TABLE_ID = Object_id(@TBLNAME)
SELECT @STRINGLEN = Max(Len(sys.columns.[name])) + 1
FROM sys.objects
INNER JOIN sys.columns
ON sys.objects.[object_id] = sys.columns.[object_id]
AND sys.objects.[object_id] = @TABLE_ID;
SELECT @FINALSQL = @FINALSQL + CASE WHEN sys.columns.[is_computed] = 1
THEN
@vbCrLf +
'[' + Upper(
sys.columns.[name]) + '] ' + Space(@STRINGLEN -
Len(sys.columns.[name])) + 'AS ' +
Isnull(CALC.definition, '') ELSE
@vbCrLf + '[' + Upper(sys.columns.[name]) + '] '
+
Space(
@STRINGLEN - Len(sys.columns.[name])) +
Upper(Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id])) +
CASE
WHEN
Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]) IN (
'decimal',
'numeric') THEN '(' + CONVERT(
VARCHAR, sys.columns.[precision]) + ',' +
CONVERT(
VARCHAR,
sys.columns.[scale]) + ') ' + Space(6 - Len(
CONVERT(
VARCHAR,
sys.columns.[precision]) + ',' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR, sys.columns.[scale]))) + Space(
2)
-- + SPACE(16 - LEN(TYPE_NAME(sys.columns.[user_type_id])))
+ CASE WHEN Columnproperty ( @TABLE_ID,
sys.columns.[name],
'IsIdentity' ) = 0 THEN ' ' ELSE
' IDENTITY(' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR, Isnull(Ident_seed(@TBLNAME), 1)
)
+
',' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR, Isnull(Ident_incr(@TBLNAME), 1)
)
+
')' END
+ CASE WHEN sys.columns.[is_nullable] = 0 THEN
' NOT NULL'
ELSE ' NULL' END WHEN
Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]) IN (
'float',
'real')
THEN CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[precision] = 53 THEN Space(11 -
Len(CONVERT(VARCHAR, sys.columns.[precision])))
+
Space(7) +
Space(16 -
Len(Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]))) +
CASE
WHEN
sys.columns.[is_nullable] = 0 THEN
' NOT NULL' ELSE ' NULL' END ELSE '(' +
CONVERT(
VARCHAR,
sys.columns.[precision]) + ') ' + Space(6 - Len(
CONVERT(
VARCHAR, sys.columns.[precision]))) + Space(7) +
Space
(16
- Len(Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]))) +
CASE
WHEN
sys.columns.[is_nullable] = 0 THEN ' NOT NULL'
ELSE
' NULL' END
END WHEN Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id])
IN
(
'char',
'varchar') THEN CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[max_length]
=
-1 THEN
'(max)' + Space(6 -
Len(CONVERT(VARCHAR, sys.columns.[max_length])))
+
Space(7) +
Space(16 -
Len(Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]))) +
CASE
WHEN
sys.columns.collation_name IS NULL THEN ''
ELSE ' COLLATE ' + sys.columns.collation_name
END
+
CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[is_nullable] = 0 THEN ' NOT NULL'
ELSE
' NULL' END ELSE '(' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR, sys.columns.[max_length]) +
') '
+
Space(6 -
Len(CONVERT(VARCHAR, sys.columns.[max_length])))
+
Space(7) +
Space(16 -
Len(Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]))) +
CASE
WHEN
sys.columns.collation_name IS NULL THEN ''
ELSE ' COLLATE ' + sys.columns.collation_name
END
+
CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[is_nullable] = 0 THEN ' NOT NULL'
ELSE
' NULL' END END WHEN
Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]) IN (
'nchar',
'nvarchar'
) THEN CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[max_length] = -1 THEN '(max)' +
Space
(6 -
Len(CONVERT(VARCHAR, (sys.columns.[max_length]))))
+
Space(7)
+ Space(16 - Len(Type_name(
sys.columns.[user_type_id]))) + CASE WHEN
sys.columns.collation_name IS NULL THEN '' ELSE
' COLLATE ' +
sys.columns.collation_name END + CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[is_nullable] = 0 THEN
' NOT NULL' ELSE ' NULL' END ELSE '(' +
CONVERT(
VARCHAR,
(sys.columns.[max_length])) + ') ' + Space(6 - Len
(
CONVERT(
VARCHAR, (sys.columns.[max_length])))) + Space(7)
+
Space(16
- Len(Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]))) +
CASE
WHEN
sys.columns.collation_name IS NOT NULL THEN ''
ELSE
' COLLATE ' +
sys.columns.collation_name END + CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[is_nullable]
= 0 THEN ' NOT NULL' ELSE ' NULL' END END WHEN
Type_name(
sys.columns.[user_type_id]) IN ('datetime',
'money',
'text',
'image') THEN Space(18 -
Len(Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]))) +
' ' + CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[is_nullable] = 0 THEN ' NOT NULL'
ELSE
' NULL' END ELSE Space(16
- Len(Type_name(sys.columns.[user_type_id]))) +
CASE
WHEN
Columnproperty ( @TABLE_ID, sys.columns.[name],
'IsIdentity'
) = 0 THEN ' ' ELSE ' IDENTITY(' +
CONVERT(
VARCHAR, Isnull(Ident_seed(@TBLNAME), 1) ) + ',' +
CONVERT(
VARCHAR, Isnull(Ident_incr(@TBLNAME), 1) ) + ')'
END +
Space(
2) + CASE WHEN sys.columns.[is_nullable] = 0 THEN
' NOT NULL'
ELSE ' NULL' END END + CASE WHEN
sys.columns.[default_object_id] = 0 THEN ''
--ELSE ' DEFAULT ' + ISNULL(def.[definition] ,'')
--optional section in case NAMED default cosntraints are needed:
ELSE @vbCrLf + 'CONSTRAINT [' + def.NAME + '] DEFAULT ' +
Isnull(def.[definition], '')
--i thought it needed to be handled differently! NOT!
END --CASE cdefault
END --iscomputed
+ ','
FROM sys.columns
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.default_constraints DEF
ON sys.columns.[default_object_id] = DEF.[object_id]
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.computed_columns CALC
ON sys.columns.[object_id] = CALC.[object_id]
AND sys.columns.[column_id] = CALC.[column_id]
WHERE sys.columns.[object_id] = @TABLE_ID
ORDER BY sys.columns.[column_id]
SELECT @STRINGLEN = Max(Len([name])) + 1
FROM sys.objects
DECLARE @Results TABLE
(
[schema_id] INT,
[schema_name] VARCHAR(255),
[object_id] INT,
[object_name] VARCHAR(255),
[index_id] INT,
[index_name] VARCHAR(255),
[rows] INT,
[sizemb] DECIMAL(19, 3),
[indexdepth] INT,
[type] INT,
[type_desc] VARCHAR(30),
[fill_factor] INT,
[is_unique] INT,
[is_primary_key] INT,
[is_unique_constraint] INT,
[index_columns_key] VARCHAR(max),
[index_columns_include] VARCHAR(max)
)
INSERT INTO @Results
SELECT sys.schemas.schema_id,
sys.schemas.[name]
AS schema_name,
sys.objects.[object_id],
sys.objects.[name]
AS object_name,
sys.indexes.index_id,
Isnull(sys.indexes.[name], '---')
AS index_name,
partitions.rows,
partitions.sizemb,
Indexproperty(sys.objects.[object_id], sys.indexes.[name],
'IndexDepth')
AS
IndexDepth,
sys.indexes.type,
sys.indexes.type_desc,
sys.indexes.fill_factor,
sys.indexes.is_unique,
sys.indexes.is_primary_key,
sys.indexes.is_unique_constraint,
Isnull(Index_Columns.index_columns_key, '---')
AS index_columns_key,
Isnull(Index_Columns.index_columns_include, '---')
AS index_columns_include
FROM sys.objects
JOIN sys.schemas
ON sys.objects.schema_id = sys.schemas.schema_id
JOIN sys.indexes
ON sys.objects.[object_id] = sys.indexes.[object_id]
JOIN (SELECT [object_id],
index_id,
Sum(row_count) AS
Rows,
CONVERT(NUMERIC(19, 3), CONVERT(NUMERIC(19, 3), Sum(
in_row_reserved_page_count
+ lob_reserved_page_count
+
row_overflow_reserved_page_count
)) /
CONVERT(NUMERIC(19, 3), 128)) AS
SizeMB
FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats
GROUP BY [object_id],
index_id) AS partitions
ON sys.indexes.[object_id] = partitions.[object_id]
AND sys.indexes.index_id = partitions.index_id
CROSS apply (SELECT LEFT(index_columns_key,
Len(index_columns_key) - 1)
AS
index_columns_key
,
LEFT(index_columns_include, Len(index_columns_include) - 1) AS
index_columns_include
FROM (SELECT (SELECT sys.columns.[name] + ',' + ' '
FROM sys.index_columns
JOIN sys.columns
ON sys.index_columns.column_id = sys.columns.column_id
AND sys.index_columns.[object_id] =
sys.columns.[object_id]
WHERE sys.index_columns.is_included_column = 0
AND sys.indexes.[object_id] =
sys.index_columns.[object_id]
AND sys.indexes.index_id = sys.index_columns.index_id
ORDER BY key_ordinal
FOR xml path('')) AS index_columns_key,
(SELECT sys.columns.[name] + ',' + ' '
FROM sys.index_columns
JOIN sys.columns
ON sys.index_columns.column_id = sys.columns.column_id
AND sys.index_columns.[object_id] =
sys.columns.[object_id]
WHERE sys.index_columns.is_included_column = 1
AND sys.indexes.[object_id] =
sys.index_columns.[object_id]
AND sys.indexes.index_id = sys.index_columns.index_id
ORDER BY index_column_id
FOR xml path('')) AS index_columns_include) AS Index_Columns) AS
Index_Columns
WHERE sys.schemas.[name] LIKE CASE
WHEN @SCHEMANAME = '' THEN
sys.schemas.[name]
ELSE @SCHEMANAME
END
AND sys.objects.[name] LIKE CASE
WHEN @TBLNAME = '' THEN
sys.objects.[name]
ELSE @TBLNAME
END
ORDER BY sys.schemas.[name],
sys.objects.[name],
sys.indexes.[name]
--@Results table has both PK,s Uniques and indexes in thme...pull them out for adding to funal results:
SET @CONSTRAINTSQLS = ''
SET @INDEXSQLS = ''
SELECT @CONSTRAINTSQLS = @CONSTRAINTSQLS + CASE WHEN is_primary_key = 1 OR
is_unique =
1 THEN @vbCrLf +
'CONSTRAINT [' + index_name + '] ' + Space
(
@STRINGLEN
- Len(index_name)) + CASE WHEN
is_primary_key =
1 THEN
' PRIMARY KEY ' ELSE CASE WHEN is_unique = 1
THEN
' UNIQUE ' ELSE '' END END + type_desc
+
CASE WHEN
type_desc='NONCLUSTERED' THEN '' ELSE ' '
END
+ ' ('
+ index_columns_key + ')' + CASE WHEN
index_columns_include <> '---' THEN
' INCLUDE ('
+
index_columns_include + ')' ELSE '' END +
CASE
WHEN
fill_factor <> 0 THEN ' WITH FILLFACTOR = '
+
CONVERT(
VARCHAR(30), fill_factor) ELSE '' END ELSE
''
END + ','
FROM @RESULTS
WHERE [type_desc] != 'HEAP'
AND is_primary_key = 1
OR is_unique = 1
ORDER BY is_primary_key DESC,
is_unique DESC
SELECT @INDEXSQLS = @INDEXSQLS + CASE WHEN is_primary_key = 0 OR is_unique =
0 THEN
@vbCrLf +
'CREATE INDEX [' + index_name + '] ' + Space(
@STRINGLEN
- Len(index_name)) + ' ON [' + [object_name] +
']' +
' (' +
index_columns_key + ')' + CASE WHEN
index_columns_include <>
'---' THEN ' INCLUDE (' + index_columns_include +
')'
ELSE
'' END + CASE WHEN fill_factor <> 0 THEN
' WITH FILLFACTOR = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),
fill_factor)
ELSE '' END END
FROM @RESULTS
WHERE [type_desc] != 'HEAP'
AND is_primary_key = 0
AND is_unique = 0
ORDER BY is_primary_key DESC,
is_unique DESC
IF @INDEXSQLS <> ''
SET @INDEXSQLS = @vbCrLf + 'GO' + @vbCrLf + @INDEXSQLS
SET @CHECKCONSTSQLS = ''
SELECT @CHECKCONSTSQLS = @CHECKCONSTSQLS + @vbCrLf
+ Isnull('CONSTRAINT [' + sys.objects.[name] +
'] ' +
Space(
@STRINGLEN - Len(sys.objects.[name])) +
' CHECK ' +
Isnull(sys.check_constraints.definition, '')
+
',', '')
FROM sys.objects
INNER JOIN sys.check_constraints
ON sys.objects.[object_id] =
sys.check_constraints.[object_id]
WHERE sys.objects.type = 'C'
AND sys.objects.parent_object_id = @TABLE_ID
SET @FKSQLS = '';
SELECT @FKSQLS = @FKSQLS + @vbCrLf + 'CONSTRAINT ['
+ Object_name(constid) + ']'
+ Space(@STRINGLEN - Len(Object_name(constid) ))
+ ' FOREIGN KEY (' + Col_name(fkeyid, fkey)
+ ') REFERENCES ' + Object_name(rkeyid) + '('
+ Col_name(rkeyid, rkey) + '),'
FROM sysforeignkeys
WHERE fkeyid = @TABLE_ID
SET @RULESCONSTSQLS = ''
SELECT @RULESCONSTSQLS = @RULESCONSTSQLS
+ Isnull( @vbCrLf +
'if not exists(SELECT [name] FROM sys.objects WHERE TYPE=''R'' AND schema_id = '
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), sys.objects.schema_id) +
' AND [name] = ''[' +
Object_name(sys.columns.[rule_object_id]) + ']'')' +
@vbCrLf +
sys.sql_modules.definition + @vbCrLf + 'GO' + @vbCrLf +
'EXEC sp_binderule ['
+ sys.objects.[name] + '], ''[' +
Object_name(sys.columns.[object_id]) + '].[' +
sys.columns.[name] +
']''' + @vbCrLf + 'GO', '')
FROM sys.columns
INNER JOIN sys.objects
ON sys.objects.[object_id] = sys.columns.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.sql_modules
ON sys.columns.[rule_object_id] = sys.sql_modules.[object_id]
WHERE sys.columns.[rule_object_id] <> 0
AND sys.columns.[object_id] = @TABLE_ID
SET @TRIGGERSTATEMENT = ''
SELECT @TRIGGERSTATEMENT = @TRIGGERSTATEMENT + @vbCrLf
+ sys.sql_modules.[definition] + @vbCrLf + 'GO'
FROM sys.sql_modules
WHERE [object_id] IN(SELECT [object_id]
FROM sys.objects
WHERE type = 'TR'
AND [parent_object_id] = @TABLE_ID)
IF @TRIGGERSTATEMENT <> ''
SET @TRIGGERSTATEMENT = @vbCrLf + 'GO' + @vbCrLf + @TRIGGERSTATEMENT
SET @EXTENDEDPROPERTIES = ''
SELECT @EXTENDEDPROPERTIES = @EXTENDEDPROPERTIES + @vbCrLf
+ 'EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N''' + [name]
+ ''', @value = N'''
+ Replace(CONVERT(VARCHAR(max), [value]), '''',
'''''')
+
''', @level0type = N''SCHEMA'', @level0name = ['
+ @SCHEMANAME
+
'], @level1type = N''TABLE'', @level1name = ['
+ @TBLNAME + '];'
FROM Fn_listextendedproperty (NULL, 'schema', @SCHEMANAME, 'table',
@TBLNAME, NULL,
NULL);
IF @EXTENDEDPROPERTIES <> ''
SET @EXTENDEDPROPERTIES = @vbCrLf + 'GO' + @vbCrLf + @EXTENDEDPROPERTIES
SELECT @FINALSQL = @FINALSQL + @CONSTRAINTSQLS + @CHECKCONSTSQLS
+ @FKSQLS
SET @FINALSQL = Substring(@FINALSQL, 1, Len(@FINALSQL) - 1);
SET @FINALSQL = @FINALSQL + ')' + @vbCrLf;
SELECT @FINALSQL + @INDEXSQLS + @RULESCONSTSQLS
+ @TRIGGERSTATEMENT + @EXTENDEDPROPERTIES
END
go
答案 1 :(得分：1)
实际上，今天微软仍然没有办法支持这一点。
但你可以做一个黑客攻击：
使用以下PowerShell脚本，您可以通过PowerShell调用DDL导出：
$server = "MSSQLServer\Instance"
$srcDB = "TestDB"
$dump = "C:\Temp\EE\TestDB.sql"
# Stop on any error
$ErrorActionPreference = "stop"
[void] [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO')
[void] [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SQlServer.SMOExtended')
$xfer = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Transfer] ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Server] $server).Databases[$srcDB]
# Set export options.
$opts = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.ScriptingOptions
$opts.Filename = $dump
$opts.ToFileOnly = $true
$opts.AllowSystemObjects = $false
$opts.Statistics = $false
$opts.ScriptDataCompression = $false
$xfer.options = $opts
$xfer.ScriptTransfer()
现在只需通过TSQL保存此脚本及其全部内容 - 请查看此处：call PowerShell via T-SQL
读取临时文件答案 2 :(得分：1)
您可以直接从Microsoft使用 mssql-scripter ，这是一个全新的，需要最新的Python运行时...但适用于Linux，Macos和Windows