我正在尝试在画布中绘制以下渐变图像,但右下角存在问题。
期望效果:
当前输出:
我可能在这里遗漏了一些非常简单的东西。
function color(r, g, b) {
var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
if (args.length == 1) {
args.push(args[0]);
args.push(args[0]);
} else if (args.length != 3 && args.length != 4) {
return;
}
return "rgb(" + args.join() + ")";
}
function drawPixel(x, y, fill) {
var fill = fill || "black";
context.beginPath();
context.rect(x, y, 1, 1);
context.fillStyle = fill;
context.fill();
context.closePath();
}
var canvas = document.getElementById("primary");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
canvas.width = 256;
canvas.height = 256;
for (var x = 0; x < canvas.width; x++) {
for (var y = 0; y < canvas.height; y++) {
var r = 255 - y;
var g = 255 - x - y;
var b = 255 - x - y;
drawPixel(x, y, color(r, g, b));
}
}
#primary {
display: block;
border: 1px solid gray;
}
<canvas id="primary"></canvas>
答案 0 :(得分:5)
您可以让GPU为您完成大部分处理。二维合成操作multiply
有效地为每个像素增加两种颜色。因此,对于每个通道,每个像素colChanDest = Math.floor(colChanDest * (colChanSrc / 255))
都是通过GPU的大规模并行处理能力完成的,而不是在单个核心上运行的低共享线程(JavaScript执行上下文)。
一个是背景从上到下的白色到黑色
var gradB = ctx.createLinearGradient(0,0,0,255);
gradB.addColorStop(0,"white");
gradB.addColorStop(1,"black");
另一种是从左到右从透明变为不透明的色调
var swatchHue
var col = "rgba(0,0,0,0)"
var gradC = ctx.createLinearGradient(0,0,255,0);
gradC.addColorStop(0,``hsla(${hueValue},100%,50%,0)``);
gradC.addColorStop(1,``hsla(${hueValue},100%,50%,1)``);
注意上面的字符串引用在SO上无法正确呈现,所以我只是将它们加倍显示,使用单引号,如演示片段中所做。
然后先将两个背景(灰度)叠加,然后使用复合操作“乘法”
ctx.fillStyle = gradB;
ctx.fillRect(0,0,255,255);
ctx.fillStyle = gradC;
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "multiply";
ctx.fillRect(0,0,255,255);
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";
重要的是颜色(色调)是纯色值,不能使用随机rgb值。如果您有一个选定的rgb值,则需要从rgb中提取色调值。
以下函数会将RGB值转换为HSL颜色
function rgbToLSH(red, green, blue, result = {}){
value hue, sat, lum, min, max, dif, r, g, b;
r = red/255;
g = green/255;
b = blue/255;
min = Math.min(r,g,b);
max = Math.max(r,g,b);
lum = (min+max)/2;
if(min === max){
hue = 0;
sat = 0;
}else{
dif = max - min;
sat = lum > 0.5 ? dif / (2 - max - min) : dif / (max + min);
switch (max) {
case r:
hue = (g - b) / dif;
break;
case g:
hue = 2 + ((b - r) / dif);
break;
case b:
hue = 4 + ((r - g) / dif);
break;
}
hue *= 60;
if (hue < 0) {
hue += 360;
}
}
result.lum = lum * 255;
result.sat = sat * 255;
result.hue = hue;
return result;
}
该示例每3秒渲染一个随机红色,绿色,蓝色值的样本。
请注意,此示例使用Balel,以便它可以在IE
上运行
var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas.width = canvas.height = 255;
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
document.body.appendChild(canvas);
function drawSwatch(r, g, b) {
var col = rgbToLSH(r, g, b);
var gradB = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 255);
gradB.addColorStop(0, "white");
gradB.addColorStop(1, "black");
var gradC = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 255, 0);
gradC.addColorStop(0, `hsla(${Math.floor(col.hue)},100%,50%,0)`);
gradC.addColorStop(1, `hsla(${Math.floor(col.hue)},100%,50%,1)`);
ctx.fillStyle = gradB;
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 255, 255);
ctx.fillStyle = gradC;
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "multiply";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 255, 255);
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";
}
function rgbToLSH(red, green, blue, result = {}) {
var hue, sat, lum, min, max, dif, r, g, b;
r = red / 255;
g = green / 255;
b = blue / 255;
min = Math.min(r, g, b);
max = Math.max(r, g, b);
lum = (min + max) / 2;
if (min === max) {
hue = 0;
sat = 0;
} else {
dif = max - min;
sat = lum > 0.5 ? dif / (2 - max - min) : dif / (max + min);
switch (max) {
case r:
hue = (g - b) / dif;
break;
case g:
hue = 2 + ((b - r) / dif);
break;
case b:
hue = 4 + ((r - g) / dif);
break;
}
hue *= 60;
if (hue < 0) {
hue += 360;
}
}
result.lum = lum * 255;
result.sat = sat * 255;
result.hue = hue;
return result;
}
function drawRandomSwatch() {
drawSwatch(Math.random() * 255, Math.random() * 255, Math.random() * 255);
setTimeout(drawRandomSwatch, 3000);
}
drawRandomSwatch();
要从x和y坐标计算颜色,需要计算Hue,然后使用饱和度和值来获得hsv颜色(注意hsl和hsv是不同的颜色模型)
// saturation and value are clamped to prevent rounding errors creating wrong colour
var rgbArray = hsv_to_rgb(
hue, // as used to create the swatch
Math.max(0, Math.min(1, x / 255)),
Math.max(0, Math.min(1, 1 - y / 255))
);
获取h,s,v颜色的r,g,b值的函数。
/* Function taken from datGUI.js
Web site https://workshop.chromeexperiments.com/examples/gui/#1--Basic-Usage
// h 0-360, s 0-1, and v 0-1
*/
function hsv_to_rgb(h, s, v) {
var hi = Math.floor(h / 60) % 6;
var f = h / 60 - Math.floor(h / 60);
var p = v * (1.0 - s);
var q = v * (1.0 - f * s);
var t = v * (1.0 - (1.0 - f) * s);
var c = [
[v, t, p],
[q, v, p],
[p, v, t],
[p, q, v],
[t, p, v],
[v, p, q]
][hi];
return {
r: c[0] * 255,
g: c[1] * 255,
b: c[2] * 255
};
}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
更新:在上一个示例中,我只创建了红色渐变。我也可以使用相同的方法在稍微修改后创建绿色和蓝色渐变,但我不能用它来创建随机色调的渐变。红色,绿色和蓝色很容易,因为虽然一个通道是255
,但其他两个通道具有相同的值。对于随机色调,例如140°,情况并非如此。 H=140
转换为rgb(0,255,85)
。红色和蓝色不能有相同的值。这需要一个不同的,更复杂的计算。
Blindman67的回答解决了这个问题。使用内置渐变,您可以轻松地为任何随机色调创建渐变: jsfiddle。但作为一个非常好奇的人,无论如何我都想以艰难的方式去做,就是这样:
(与Blindman67相比,它非常慢......)
function drawPixel(x, y, fillArray) {
fill = "rgb(" + fillArray.join() + ")" || "black";
context.beginPath();
context.rect(x, y, 1, 1);
context.fillStyle = fill;
context.fill();
}
var canvas = document.getElementById("primary");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
var grad1 = [ [255, 255, 255], [0, 0, 0] ]; // brightness
fillPrimary([255, 0, 0]); // initial hue = 0 (red)
$("#secondary").on("input", function() {
var hue = parseInt(this.value, 10);
var clr = hsl2rgb(hue, 100, 50);
fillPrimary(clr);
});
function fillPrimary(rgb) {
var grad2 = [ [255, 255, 255], rgb ]; // saturation
for (var x = 0; x < canvas.width; x++) {
for (var y = 0; y < canvas.height; y++) {
var grad1Change = [
grad1[0][0] - grad1[1][0],
grad1[0][1] - grad1[1][1],
grad1[0][2] - grad1[1][2],
];
var currentGrad1Color = [
grad1[0][0] - (grad1Change[0] * y / 255),
grad1[0][1] - (grad1Change[1] * y / 255),
grad1[0][2] - (grad1Change[2] * y / 255)
];
var grad2Change = [
grad2[0][0] - grad2[1][0],
grad2[0][1] - grad2[1][1],
grad2[0][2] - grad2[1][2],
];
var currentGrad2Color = [
grad2[0][0] - (grad2Change[0] * x / 255),
grad2[0][1] - (grad2Change[1] * x / 255),
grad2[0][2] - (grad2Change[2] * x / 255)
];
var multiplied = [
Math.floor(currentGrad1Color[0] * currentGrad2Color[0] / 255),
Math.floor(currentGrad1Color[1] * currentGrad2Color[1] / 255),
Math.floor(currentGrad1Color[2] * currentGrad2Color[2] / 255),
];
drawPixel(x, y, multiplied);
}
}
}
function hsl2rgb(h, s, l) {
h /= 360;
s /= 100;
l /= 100;
var r, g, b;
if (s == 0) {
r = g = b = l;
} else {
var hue2rgb = function hue2rgb(p, q, t) {
if (t < 0) t += 1;
if (t > 1) t -= 1;
if (t < 1 / 6) return p + (q - p) * 6 * t;
if (t < 1 / 2) return q;
if (t < 2 / 3) return p + (q - p) * (2 / 3 - t) * 6;
return p;
}
var q = l < 0.5 ? l * (1 + s) : l + s - l * s;
var p = 2 * l - q;
r = hue2rgb(p, q, h + 1 / 3);
g = hue2rgb(p, q, h);
b = hue2rgb(p, q, h - 1 / 3);
}
return [
Math.round(r * 255),
Math.round(g * 255),
Math.round(b * 255),
];
}
#primary {
display: block;
border: 1px solid gray;
}
#secondary {
width: 256px;
height: 15px;
margin-top: 15px;
outline: 0;
display: block;
border: 1px solid gray;
box-sizing: border-box;
-webkit-appearance: none;
background-image: linear-gradient(to right, red 0%, yellow 16.66%, lime 33.33%, cyan 50%, blue 66.66%, violet 83.33%, red 100%);
}
#secondary::-webkit-slider-thumb {
-webkit-appearance: none;
height: 25px;
width: 10px;
border-radius: 10px;
background-color: rgb(230, 230, 230);
border: 1px solid gray;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 0 0 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<canvas id="primary" width="256" height="256"></canvas>
<input type="range" min="0" max="360" step="1" value="0" id="secondary" />
好的,我已经弄清楚问题是什么了。虽然垂直范围始终在[0,255]
之间,但水平范围介于[0,r]
之间。因此g
和b
不能大于r
(Duh!)。
function color(r, g, b) {
var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
if (args.length == 1) {
args.push(args[0]);
args.push(args[0]);
} else if (args.length != 3 && args.length != 4) {
return;
}
return "rgb(" + args.join() + ")";
}
function drawPixel(x, y, fill) {
var fill = fill || "black";
context.beginPath();
context.rect(x, y, 1, 1);
context.fillStyle = fill;
context.fill();
context.closePath();
}
var canvas = document.getElementById("primary");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
canvas.width = 256;
canvas.height = 256;
for (var x = 0; x < canvas.width; x++) {
for (var y = 0; y < canvas.height; y++) {
var r = 255 - y;
var g = b = r - Math.floor((x / 255) * r); // tada!
drawPixel(x, y, color(r, g, b));
}
}
#primary {
display: block;
border: 1px solid gray;
}
<canvas id="primary"></canvas>
答案 2 :(得分:1)