我正在尝试在C中实现链表,我有两个不同的函数,应该在开头和第n个位置插入元素。当程序进入开始执行插入第n个位置的功能的部分时,我的程序崩溃了。有人可以指出我的错误。此外,编译器倾向于跳过最后一个scanf语句(在注释中标记)。
/****************************************************************
*Date: 12/30/2016
*This program adds an element to the beginning and nth position
*of a linked list and then displays the elements in the list
*****************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
struct node
{
int data;//Refers to the data part of the linked list
struct node* next;//Refers to the pointer which points to the next element
};
/*************************************************************************************
Description : This function is used to print the elements in the linked list
Input : Pointer to the beginning of the linked list
Output : N/A
*************************************************************************************/
void PrintElements(struct node *start)
{
if(start==NULL)//If the list is empty
printf("List is empty");
else
{
while(start!=NULL)
{
printf("%d ",start->data);
start=start->next;
}
}
}
/*************************************************************************************
Description : This function is used to insert elements in the beginning of the
linked list
Input : Element to be inserted
Output : N/A
*************************************************************************************/
struct node* InsertElementInTheBeginning(struct node *start, int x)
{
struct node *new_node=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if(new_node==NULL)
{
printf("Memory allocation failed");
return start;
}
new_node->data=x;
new_node->next=start;
start=new_node;
return new_node;
}
/*************************************************************************************
Description : This function is used to insert elements in the nth position of the
linked list
Input : Element and position to be inserted, pointer to beginning of linked
list
Output : N/A
*************************************************************************************/
struct node* InsertElementAtN(struct node *start,int x, int n)//Here the starting position for the linked list is assumed to be 1
{
int i;
struct node* new_node=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if(new_node==NULL)
{
printf("Memory allocation failed");
return start;
}
new_node->data=x;
new_node->next=NULL;
if(n==1)
{
new_node->next=start;
start=new_node;
return start;
}
struct node *ptr;
ptr=start;
for(i=0;i<n-2;i++)
{
ptr=ptr->next;
}
new_node->next=ptr->next;
ptr->next=new_node;
return start;
}
int main()
{
int x, n;
struct node *HEAD;
struct node *ptr;
HEAD=NULL; //Assigning HEAD to null when there are no elements in the list
ptr=NULL;
printf("\n\rEnter numbers to be inserted into the list\n Press q to quit\n");
while(scanf("%d",&x)==1)
{
HEAD=InsertElementInTheBeginning(HEAD,x);
PrintElements(HEAD);
printf("\n\rEnter numbers to be inserted into the list\n Press q to quit\n");
}
printf("\n\rEnter the number and position to be inserted");
scanf("%d %d",&x,&n);//The compiler always skips this scanf no clue why
HEAD=InsertElementAtN(HEAD, x, n);
PrintElements(HEAD);
//Freeing dynamic memory
while(HEAD!=NULL)
{
ptr=HEAD;
HEAD=ptr->next;
free(ptr);
}
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
我总是发现这样的东西对我来说更容易理解(我假设你的位置必须是1或更多基于你的代码,不像通常的C约定为0或更多):
struct node *insertValueAt(struct node *head, int value, int position) {
struct node *current;
if (head == NULL || position == 1)
return insertBefore(head, value);
for (current = head; position > 1 && current->next != NULL; position--)
current = current->next;
current->next = insertBefore(current->next, value);
return head;
}
请注意,我使用了名称insertBefore
,但您的InsertElementAtTheBeginning
做了同样的事情。在现有节点N
和A
之间插入节点B
的关键是使A->next
指向从N
返回的InsertElementAtTheBeginning(B, value)
需要注意的另一件事是在NULL
节点之前(即在空列表的开头或列表的末尾)无条件插入,而不管position
的值是什么,因为你可以如果只有少于4个项目,请在第10位插入一个项目。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
你应该检查ptr-&gt; next是不是NULL。
for(i=0;i<n-2;i++)
{
if (ptr->next == NULL) return NULL;
ptr=ptr->next;
}
答案 2 :(得分:0)
在main()中的第一个while循环之后添加一个getchar()。有关说明,请查看C: Multiple scanf's, when I enter in a value for one scanf it skips the second scanf。