我是python，Django，heroku甚至是PostgreSQL的新手，但我正在开发一个由3个开发人员组成的Django项目（他们设置了它），所以我试图在我的本地机器上设置它我可以开始发展了。
首先我将存储库克隆到我的本地机器，有一个requirement.txt文件，所以我运行pip install -r ./requirements.txt来安装项目使用的所有python包。这是一个runtime.txt文件，指定python 3.5所以我需要升级它。我看到gunicorn是requiments.txt中的一个包，所以我猜我需要将其用作Web服务器。
继承requirements.txt中对我来说很重要的包：
Django==1.9.6
gunicorn==19.5.0
psycopg2==2.6.1
boto3==1.3.1
boto==2.40.0
whitenoise==3.2
django-extensions==1.6.7
该网站还有一个.buildpacks文件，似乎是一个特定于heroku的文件：
https://github.com/a2ikm/heroku-buildpack-libjpeg62
https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python
https://github.com/rafaelp/heroku-buildpack-wkhtmltopdf
Theres包含此文件的Procfile：
web: gunicorn myproject.wsgi --log-file -
worker: celery worker --app=genome.tasks.app -l info --beat
我想知道最好的办法是什么。有没有办法自动生成具有项目中指定的所有要求和软件的虚拟环境？我已经在使用Vagrant创建的虚拟开发环境，所以我可以为它配置所有依赖项，但我觉得这是一个更好的方法。
更新：
下面是当我尝试使用python manage.py runserver运行服务器时会发生什么：
$ python manage.py runserver
Current environment: P
Current environment: P
Performing system checks...
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x7fd0d08c71b8>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 116, in inner_run
self.check(display_num_errors=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 426, in check
include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 75, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
return check_resolver(resolver)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
for pattern in resolver.url_patterns:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 33, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 417, in url_patterns
patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 33, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 410, in urlconf_module
return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/var/www/sd2/selfdecode/decodify/urls.py", line 30, in <module>
url(r'', include("genome.urls")),
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/urls/__init__.py", line 52, in include
urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/var/www/sd2/selfdecode/genome/urls.py", line 7, in <module>
from . import views
File "/var/www/sd2/selfdecode/genome/views.py", line 20, in <module>
from decodify.aggregators import ArrayAgg, JsonAgg, ArrayaAggDelimited
File "/var/www/sd2/selfdecode/decodify/aggregators.py", line 29
def __init__(self, *expressions, distinct=False, **extra):
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
我猜测解析错误是由于在使用python 2.7的项目中使用python 3.5。我用sudo apt-get install python3-all安装了python 3.5。使用python3尝试相同的事情：
$ python3 manage.py runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 8, in <module>
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
ImportError: No module named 'django'
> python3
第二个错误表示我使用pip install requirements.txt安装的软件包，它们是为python 2.7安装的，而不是3.5。所以这显然是虚拟环境可以进入的地方。我尝试了这个sudo -H virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 py3env，无论是否有sudo，两次都有错误：
[06:08 PM]-[vagrant@machine1]-[/var/www/sd2/selfdecode]-[git master]
$ sudo -H virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 py3env
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /var/www/sd2/selfdecode/py3env/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /var/www/sd2/selfdecode/py3env/bin/python
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2328, in <module>
main()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 713, in main
symlink=options.symlink)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 925, in create_environment
site_packages=site_packages, clear=clear, symlink=symlink))
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 1370, in install_python
os.symlink(py_executable_base, full_pth)
OSError: [Errno 71] Protocol error: 'python3' -> '/var/www/sd2/myproj/py3env/bin/python'
我遇到了这个帖子： protocol error setting up virtualenvironment through vagrant on ubuntu
如果有人在流浪汉VM中使用virtualenv遇到此问题，可能的解决方案是在共享流浪汉文件夹之外设置venv。