我有一个带有调试和发布版本的程序。这是他们的大小：
[root@build]$ ll -h debug release
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12M Dec 29 11:49 debug
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3.6M Dec 29 11:51 release
我想用一两个命令来区分linux上的调试版本和发行版本，但我不知道该怎么做。当我用选项-g编译我的程序时，创建了调试版本。这里的命令是 readelf -S debug 输出：
There are 41 section headers, starting at offset 0xa0bb88:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Address Offset
Size EntSize Flags Link Info Align
[ 0] NULL 0000000000000000 00000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 0000000000400238 00000238
000000000000001c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 0000000000400254 00000254
0000000000000020 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .hash HASH 0000000000400278 00000278
00000000000132f0 0000000000000004 A 4 0 8
[ 4] .dynsym DYNSYM 0000000000413568 00013568
0000000000042fd8 0000000000000018 A 5 1 8
[ 5] .dynstr STRTAB 0000000000456540 00056540
00000000000dfa70 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1
[ 6] .gnu.version VERSYM 0000000000535fb0 00135fb0
0000000000005952 0000000000000002 A 4 0 2
[ 7] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 000000000053b908 0013b908
0000000000000250 0000000000000000 A 5 9 8
[ 8] .rela.dyn RELA 000000000053bb58 0013bb58
0000000000000c78 0000000000000018 A 4 0 8
[ 9] .rela.plt RELA 000000000053c7d0 0013c7d0
0000000000002958 0000000000000018 A 4 11 8
[10] .init PROGBITS 000000000053f128 0013f128
0000000000000018 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 4
[11] .plt PROGBITS 000000000053f140 0013f140
0000000000001ba0 0000000000000010 AX 0 0 4
[12] .text PROGBITS 0000000000540ce0 00140ce0
0000000000136368 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 16
[13] .fini PROGBITS 0000000000677048 00277048
000000000000000e 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 4
[14] .rodata PROGBITS 0000000000677080 00277080
0000000000024480 0000000000000000 A 0 0 64
[15] .eh_frame_hdr PROGBITS 000000000069b500 0029b500
00000000000111ec 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[16] .eh_frame PROGBITS 00000000006ac6f0 002ac6f0
000000000005058c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 8
[17] .gcc_except_table PROGBITS 00000000006fcc7c 002fcc7c
000000000000a850 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[18] .tdata PROGBITS 00000000009074d0 003074d0
0000000000000004 0000000000000000 WAT 0 0 8
[19] .tbss NOBITS 00000000009074d8 003074d4
000000000001b4d8 0000000000000000 WAT 0 0 8
[20] .preinit_array PREINIT_ARRAY 00000000009074d8 003074d8
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[21] .ctors PROGBITS 00000000009074e0 003074e0
0000000000000158 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[22] .dtors PROGBITS 0000000000907638 00307638
0000000000000010 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[23] .jcr PROGBITS 0000000000907648 00307648
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[24] .data.rel.ro PROGBITS 0000000000907680 00307680
0000000000004990 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 64
[25] .dynamic DYNAMIC 000000000090c010 0030c010
0000000000000240 0000000000000010 WA 5 0 8
[26] .got PROGBITS 000000000090c250 0030c250
0000000000000310 0000000000000008 WA 0 0 8
[27] .got.plt PROGBITS 000000000090c560 0030c560
0000000000000de0 0000000000000008 WA 0 0 8
[28] .data PROGBITS 000000000090d340 0030d340
0000000000000fe0 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 64
[29] .bss NOBITS 000000000090e340 0030e320
0000000000c18a38 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 64
[30] .comment PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0030e320
000000000000003e 0000000000000001 MS 0 0 1
[31] .debug_aranges PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0030e35e
00000000000200b0 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[32] .debug_info PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0032e40e
000000000033aded 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[33] .debug_abbrev PROGBITS 0000000000000000 006691fb
00000000000296ae 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[34] .debug_line PROGBITS 0000000000000000 006928a9
0000000000068038 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[35] .debug_str PROGBITS 0000000000000000 006fa8e1
00000000001afb89 0000000000000001 MS 0 0 1
[36] .debug_loc PROGBITS 0000000000000000 008aa46a
000000000010b830 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[37] .debug_ranges PROGBITS 0000000000000000 009b5c9a
0000000000055d70 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[38] .shstrtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 00a0ba0a
000000000000017b 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[39] .symtab SYMTAB 0000000000000000 00a0c5c8
00000000000562f8 0000000000000018 40 3277 8
[40] .strtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 00a628c0
00000000000fa11b 0000000000000000 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
如果没有-g选项，则会创建发布版本，此处为 readelf -S release 输出：
There are 39 section headers, starting at offset 0x3290b8:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Address Offset
Size EntSize Flags Link Info Align
[ 0] NULL 0000000000000000 00000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 0000000000400238 00000238
000000000000001c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 0000000000400254 00000254
0000000000000020 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .hash HASH 0000000000400278 00000278
0000000000008558 0000000000000004 A 4 0 8
[ 4] .dynsym DYNSYM 00000000004087d0 000087d0
0000000000019f98 0000000000000018 A 5 1 8
[ 5] .dynstr STRTAB 0000000000422768 00022768
000000000003d80b 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1
[ 6] .gnu.version VERSYM 000000000045ff74 0005ff74
00000000000022a2 0000000000000002 A 4 0 2
[ 7] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0000000000462218 00062218
0000000000000200 0000000000000000 A 5 8 8
[ 8] .rela.dyn RELA 0000000000462418 00062418
0000000000000840 0000000000000018 A 4 0 8
[ 9] .rela.plt RELA 0000000000462c58 00062c58
00000000000020e8 0000000000000018 A 4 11 8
[10] .init PROGBITS 0000000000464d40 00064d40
0000000000000018 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 4
[11] .plt PROGBITS 0000000000464d58 00064d58
0000000000001600 0000000000000010 AX 0 0 4
[12] .text PROGBITS 0000000000466360 00066360
00000000000e6a28 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 16
[13] .fini PROGBITS 000000000054cd88 0014cd88
000000000000000e 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 4
[14] .rodata PROGBITS 000000000054cdc0 0014cdc0
000000000001d3f0 0000000000000000 A 0 0 64
[15] .eh_frame_hdr PROGBITS 000000000056a1b0 0016a1b0
00000000000068e4 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[16] .eh_frame PROGBITS 0000000000570a98 00170a98
0000000000025e7c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 8
[17] .gcc_except_table PROGBITS 0000000000596914 00196914
0000000000009914 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[18] .tbss NOBITS 00000000007a0228 001a0228
0000000000000950 0000000000000000 WAT 0 0 8
[19] .ctors PROGBITS 00000000007a0228 001a0228
0000000000000130 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[20] .dtors PROGBITS 00000000007a0358 001a0358
0000000000000010 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[21] .jcr PROGBITS 00000000007a0368 001a0368
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[22] .data.rel.ro PROGBITS 00000000007a0380 001a0380
0000000000003bd0 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 64
[23] .dynamic DYNAMIC 00000000007a3f50 001a3f50
0000000000000210 0000000000000010 WA 5 0 8
[24] .got PROGBITS 00000000007a4160 001a4160
0000000000000158 0000000000000008 WA 0 0 8
[25] .got.plt PROGBITS 00000000007a42b8 001a42b8
0000000000000b10 0000000000000008 WA 0 0 8
[26] .data PROGBITS 00000000007a4e00 001a4e00
00000000000007c0 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 64
[27] .bss NOBITS 00000000007a55c0 001a55c0
0000000000002038 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 64
[28] .comment PROGBITS 0000000000000000 001a55c0
000000000000003e 0000000000000001 MS 0 0 1
[29] .debug_aranges PROGBITS 0000000000000000 001a55fe
0000000000000e10 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[30] .debug_info PROGBITS 0000000000000000 001a640e
00000000000a1d76 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[31] .debug_abbrev PROGBITS 0000000000000000 00248184
000000000000b09d 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[32] .debug_line PROGBITS 0000000000000000 00253221
00000000000113c8 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[33] .debug_str PROGBITS 0000000000000000 002645e9
000000000001731a 0000000000000001 MS 0 0 1
[34] .debug_loc PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0027b903
00000000000923ad 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[35] .debug_ranges PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0030dcb0
000000000001b2a0 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[36] .shstrtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 00328f50
0000000000000165 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[37] .symtab SYMTAB 0000000000000000 00329a78
0000000000021048 0000000000000018 38 1203 8
[38] .strtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 0034aac0
000000000004b633 0000000000000000 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
两个条件的节标题数不同。看来我无法用这个命令区分这两个版本。还有其他解决方案吗？
答案 0 :(得分：1)
如果您可以进行重建，请尝试将LOCALVERSION=build_release或LOCALVERSION=build_debug分别添加到make命令行以分别发布和调试版本。然后，您应该能够找到这些字符串：
strings <kernel image> | fgrep build_
您可能需要确保.config文件中未定义CONFIG_LOCALVERSION。
通过查看生成的图像可能很难知道构建意图是什么，除非故意将某些字符串放在那里。这是我上面试图完成的。