我扩展了用户模型以包含具有以下代码的配置文件：
class Profile(models.Model):
PTO_TIER_CHOICES = (
(200.0, 'Boss 5-10 Years'),
(160.0, 'Boss 2-5 Years'),
(120.0, 'Boss 0-2 Years'),
(160.0, 'Peon 5-10 Years'),
(120.0, 'Peon 2-5 Years'),
(90.0, 'Peon 0-2 Years'),
)
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
pto_tier = models.FloatField(choices=PTO_TIER_CHOICES, default=90.0)
def __str__(self):
return self.user.username
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
Profile.objects.create(user=instance)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.profile.save()
我还使用以下代码创建了带有用户模型外键的LeaveHistory模型：
class LeaveHistory(models.Model):
LEAVE_CHOICES = (
(True, 'PTO'), #is chargeable?
(False, 'Jury Duty'), #is chargeable?
(False, 'Voting'), #is chargeable?
(False, 'Military Leave'), #is chargeable?
(False, 'Bereavement'), #is chargeable?
(True, 'Emergency'), #is chargeable?
)
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
leave_start_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=False, auto_now_add=False)
leave_end_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=False, auto_now_add=False)
leave_type = models.BooleanField(choices=LEAVE_CHOICES)
def __str__(self):
return self.user.username
我遇到的问题是，每当我尝试使用相同的用户名创建多个LeaveHistories时，我都会收到以下错误：
IntegrityError at /admin/accounts/leavehistory/add/
UNIQUE constraint failed: accounts_leavehistory.user_id
Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://localhost:8000/admin/accounts/leavehistory/add/
Django Version: 1.10.3
Exception Type: IntegrityError
Exception Value:
UNIQUE constraint failed: accounts_leavehistory.user_id
Exception Location: C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py in execute, line 337
Python Executable: C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\python.exe
Python Version: 3.5.2
Python Path:
['C:\\django projects\\company_projects',
'C:\\Users\\achesley\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35-32\\python35.zip',
'C:\\Users\\achesley\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35-32\\DLLs',
'C:\\Users\\achesley\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35-32\\lib',
'C:\\Users\\achesley\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35-32',
'C:\\Users\\achesley\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35-32\\lib\\site-packages']
Server time: Tue, 20 Dec 2016 16:03:13 -0700
Environment:
Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://localhost:8000/admin/accounts/leavehistory/add/
Django Version: 1.10.3
Python Version: 3.5.2
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'crispy_forms',
'accounts']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
Traceback:
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in execute
64. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py" in execute
337. return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
The above exception (UNIQUE constraint failed: accounts_leavehistory.user_id) was the direct cause of the following exception:
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py" in inner
39. response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
187. response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
185. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py" in wrapper
544. return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
149. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\cache.py" in _wrapped_view_func
57. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\sites.py" in inner
211. return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py" in add_view
1509. return self.changeform_view(request, None, form_url, extra_context)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py" in _wrapper
67. return bound_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
149. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py" in bound_func
63. return func.__get__(self, type(self))(*args2, **kwargs2)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\contextlib.py" in inner
30. return func(*args, **kwds)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py" in changeform_view
1449. self.save_model(request, new_object, form, not add)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py" in save_model
1007. obj.save()
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in save
796. force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in save_base
824. updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in _save_table
908. result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in _do_insert
947. using=using, raw=raw)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py" in manager_method
85. return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py" in _insert
1045. return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py" in execute_sql
1054. cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in execute
79. return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in execute
64. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py" in __exit__
94. six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\six.py" in reraise
685. raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in execute
64. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\achesley\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py" in execute
337. return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
Exception Type: IntegrityError at /admin/accounts/leavehistory/add/
Exception Value: UNIQUE constraint failed: accounts_leavehistory.user_id
我知道它可能与扩展User模型有关，因为我在另一个没有扩展User模型的项目上尝试过它并且它工作正常。如果您需要任何其他代码片段或说明，请告诉我，谢谢。
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我改变了LeaveHistory模型：
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
Z = np.loadtxt('data.txt')
X = np.linspace(0,3,301)
Y = np.linspace(0,3,301)
X = np.array([X,]*(301)).transpose()
Y = np.array([Y,]*(301))
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15,15), dpi=100)
ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 1, projection='3d')
plt.hold(True)
ax.view_init(40,300)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='jet', rstride=1, cstride=1, antialiased=False, shade=False, alpha=1.0, linewidth=0, vmin=0.25, vmax=0.35);
ax.invert_yaxis()
ax.dist = 11
ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.hold(True)
plt.imshow(Z, cmap='jet', vmin=0.25, vmax=0.35, origin='lower');
plt.show()
为：
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
但我没有正确应用迁移导致我的UNIQUE约束错误。 我一直在跑
python manage.py makemigrations
我的帐户应用中未检测到任何新的更改。对我有用的正确方法是在makemigrations命令中指定应用程序名称，
python manage.py makemigrations [app name] ，
检测到更改，然后我可以运行 python manage.py migrate ，并成功将更改应用到我的数据库。
答案 1 :(得分：-2)
这是因为您通过外键将LeaveHistory链接到User模型。相反，您应该链接到配置文件模型。
class LeaveHistory(models.Model):
...
profile = models.ForeignKey(Profile, on_delete=models.CASCADE)