Question

我正在设计一个必须通过Arduino和Python从传感器绘制序列的应用程序。我正在使用matplotlib来动画我的图形，它可以在我昨天发布的问题中看到的代码中正常工作：Arduino Live Serial Plotting with a MatplotlibAnimation gets slow。现在，因为我想制作一个漂亮的GUI，我想在PyQt5中嵌入我的动画。为此我已将此链接https://pythonspot.com/en/pyqt5-matplotlib/与Getting blitting to work in funcAnimation embedded in PyQT4 GUI一起作为参考。我得到的代码如下所示：

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QMenu, QVBoxLayout, QSizePolicy, QMessageBox, QWidget, \
    QPushButton
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import serial
import time



class App(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.left = 10
        self.top = 10
        self.title = 'PyQt5 matplotlib example - pythonspot.com'
        self.width = 640
        self.height = 400

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
        self.setGeometry(self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height)

        m = PlotCanvas(self, width=5, height=4)
        m.move(0, 0)

        button = QPushButton('PyQt5 button', self)
        button.setToolTip('This is an example button')
        button.move(500, 0)
        button.resize(140, 100)

        self.show()


class PlotCanvas(FigureCanvas):

    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        global fig

        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
        self.setParent(parent)
        #self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)#, IYV: can be removed
        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                                   QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                   QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
        self.plot()
        self.animate()


    def plot(self):
        global xar, yar, optimal_frequency, ser, ax1
        ser = serial.Serial("com3", 2400)
        ser.readline()
        optimal_frequency = 100
        ax1 = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
        xar = []
        yar = []
        print(time.ctime())


    def  animate(self):
        self.anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, self.animate_loop(), interval=optimal_frequency)
        self.draw()

    def animate_loop(self):
        global xar, yar
        ser.readline()
        for i in range(optimal_frequency):
            a = str(ser.readline(), 'utf-8')
            try:
                b = float(a)
            except ValueError:
                ser.readline()
            xar.append(str(time.time()))
            print(time.ctime())
            yar.append(int(b))
        ax1.clear()
        ax1.plot(xar, yar)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = App()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

但我收到错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/iyv/Documents/Udvikling/20161205_Serial_Plotter/Embedding_PyQt5/20161220_Embedding_Serial.py", line 113, in <module>
    ex = App()
  File "C:/Users/iyv/Documents/Udvikling/20161205_Serial_Plotter/Embedding_PyQt5/20161220_Embedding_Serial.py", line 35, in __init__
    self.initUI()
  File "C:/Users/iyv/Documents/Udvikling/20161205_Serial_Plotter/Embedding_PyQt5/20161220_Embedding_Serial.py", line 41, in initUI
    m = PlotCanvas(self, width=5, height=4)
  File "C:/Users/iyv/Documents/Udvikling/20161205_Serial_Plotter/Embedding_PyQt5/20161220_Embedding_Serial.py", line 71, in __init__
    self.animate()
  File "C:/Users/iyv/Documents/Udvikling/20161205_Serial_Plotter/Embedding_PyQt5/20161220_Embedding_Serial.py", line 87, in animate
    self.draw()
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt5agg.py", line 159, in draw
    FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 474, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 62, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 1165, in draw
    self.canvas.draw_event(renderer)
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backend_bases.py", line 1809, in draw_event
    self.callbacks.process(s, event)
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\cbook.py", line 563, in process
    proxy(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\cbook.py", line 430, in __call__
    return mtd(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\animation.py", line 661, in _start
    self._init_draw()
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\animation.py", line 1221, in _init_draw
    self._draw_frame(next(self.new_frame_seq()))
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\animation.py", line 1243, in _draw_frame
    self._drawn_artists = self._func(framedata, *self._args)
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable
Exception ignored in: <bound method TimerQT.__del__ of <matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5.TimerQT object at 0x0000026C3260DD30>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\iyv\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt5.py", line 201, in __del__
TypeError: 'method' object is not connected

有关如何运行的任何帮助？干杯

Answer 1

正如您在链接到的问题中所看到的那样，FuncAnimation需要一个方法作为其第二个参数。但是，在您的通话中，您提供的是None（因为self.animate_loop()评估为None）。将其更改为

self.anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, self.animate_loop, interval=optimal_frequency)

其次，从链接问题中也可以看出，self.animate_loop需要进行论证，所以可能需要将其更改为

def animate_loop(self,i):

除此之外，您的代码中存在一些小问题，例如：如果b = float(a)失败，则b未定义且yar.append(int(b))将引发错误。在课堂内使用global似乎很奇怪;它不是问题，但使代码难以阅读。更好地使用类变量。

Answer 2

非常感谢@ImportanceOfBeingErnest，解决了这个问题。我也考虑你的批评者;我真的需要更好地了解面向对象的编程。

虽然图形用户界面很慢，但是窗口不能轻易移动或调整大小，按钮很难按下。出于这个原因，我建议丢弃matplotlib进行串行绘图，并使用PyQtGraoh代替。以下代码使用PyQtGraph / PyQt4而不是Matplotlib / PyQt5执行相同的操作。代码如下：

import numpy as np

from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtGui, QtCore

import pyqtgraph as pg

import serial

import random

import time

app = QtGui.QApplication([])

p = pg.plot(title='random numbers generator')

curve = p.plot()

data = [0]

port = "com3"

baudrate = 600

ser = serial.Serial(port, baudrate)
ser.readline()
print(time.ctime())

def update():
    global curve, data
    a = str(ser.readline(), 'utf-8')
    try:
        data.append(float(a))
    except ValueError:
        ser.readline()

    curve.setData(data) #xdata is not necessary
    app.processEvents()


timer = QtCore.QTimer()
timer.timeout.connect(update)
timer.start(0)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):
        QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()

我真的想使用PyQt5以便能够使用PyQtDeploy，但是我必须一直使用PyInstaller，因为这种在PyQt5中包含PyQtGraph的方式对我来说似乎很复杂：{{ 3}}

在PyQt5中嵌入matplotlibAnimation

2 个答案: