如何在PyCharm中运行behave-django功能？

Question

背景

我有一个Django项目（“api”），具有单元测试和行为功能。其结构的相关部分是

code/ # i.e. the Django root is not the root of the project
    manage.py
    api/
        settings.py
        # and other Django stuff
    app/
        # Django app stuff
    features/
        environment.py
        steps/
        foo.feature
    virtualenv/

我使用了behave-django。 python manage.py behave有效。

我使用PyCharm。它被配置为使用项目的virtualenv。它的Django支持配置如下：

运行Django并在PyCharm中运行unittest测试。

问题

当我尝试在PyCharm中运行一个行为特征时（通过在编辑特征文件时选择control-shift-R并选择行为运行上下文配置）我得到了

/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/bin/python2.7 "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/behave_runner.py"
Testing started at 04:31 ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/behave_runner.py", line 294, in <module>
    _BehaveRunner(my_config, base_dir).run()
  File "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/_bdd_utils.py", line 91, in run
    number_of_tests = self._get_number_of_tests()
  File "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/_bdd_utils.py", line 211, in _get_number_of_tests
    for feature in self._get_features_to_run():
  File "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/behave_runner.py", line 231, in _get_features_to_run
    self.__real_runner.run()
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/behave/runner.py", line 672, in run
    return self.run_with_paths()
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/behave/runner.py", line 678, in run_with_paths
    self.load_step_definitions()
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/behave/runner.py", line 658, in load_step_definitions
    exec_file(os.path.join(path, name), step_module_globals)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/behave/runner.py", line 304, in exec_file
    exec(code, globals, locals)
  File "code/features/steps/common.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 53, in AbstractBaseUser
    password = models.CharField(_('password'), max_length=128)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 1043, in __init__
    super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 166, in __init__
    self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 53, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 39, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

Process finished with exit code 1

如何在PyCharm中以预期的方式运行我的行为功能？

我试过的东西不起作用

将运行配置的工作目录设置为.../api/code并没有什么区别。

上面的堆栈跟踪中的建议似乎是假的，因为设置文件是默认设置，我不需要设置DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE来使其他任何工作进出PyCharm，但如果我添加{ {1}}到PyCharm中的行为运行配置我得到了

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=api.settings

当我在[some duplicate stack frames removed] File "code/features/steps/common.py", line 5, in <module> from django.contrib.auth.models import User File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module> from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 52, in <module> class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model): File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 105, in __new__ app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module) File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 237, in get_containing_app_config self.check_apps_ready() File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.") django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet. 中运行django.setup()时（不在features/environment.py，但在顶层），我走得更远，但

• 测试在我的常规数据库中运行，而不是在临时测试数据库中运行，
• 诸如before_all之类的行为-django功能不可用，因此有些测试失败。

我该如何做到这一点？

Answer 1

（披露：我是behave-django的维护者之一，也就是表现和Django的整合。）

表现为独立工具

实际问题是behave并不意味着要知道Django并将其集成到其中。它意味着作为外部工具运行。这就是PyCharm（2016.3.1）似乎认为理所当然的事情，以及当PyCharm运行测试时会发生什么。运行测试就像从终端运行behave（ not python manage.py behave！）一样。

在code/features/steps/common.py第5行，你有一个导向Django（用户模型），这需要Django已经运行，例如通过管理命令（runserver）。在behave-django中，我们需要运行管理命令，以便LiveServerTestCase可以在您的代码到达之前启动。 Django将准备就绪，因为我们会在它运行代码之前启动它。

如果behave-django开箱即用，JetBrains必须考虑到这一点。

替代整合（部分解决方案）

你可以只用behave behave-django，在environment.py中添加一些额外的代码行。您将失去我们集成的一些功能，但您必须在所有项目中复制此集成方法。

请参阅行为文档的Manual Integration部分。您可以尝试通过向测试设置中添加一些code to access the live_server_url来复制behave-django的行为。

剩下的可能取决于JetBrains。抱歉，这是个坏消息！