Question

我一直在试图找出为什么可以将对象添加到let常量字典中，但无法找到答案。

下面的代码可行，但我一直认为将常量作为不可变对象。

任何人都可以解释这个问题吗？

        // Create dictionary to allow for later addition of data
    let data: NSMutableDictionary = ([
        "firstname" : "john",
        "lastname" : "doe"
    ])

    // Add email to dictionary if e-mail is not empty
    if email != "" {
        data.setValue(email, forKey: "email")
    }

Answer 1

在Swift中，let关键字用于声明常量。但是，您需要注意一些事项，具体取决于您是否为引用类型或值类型声明常量。

参考类型

// Declare a class (which is a reference type)
class Foo {
    var x = 1
}

// foo's reference is a constant. 
// The properties are not unless they are themselves declared as constants.
let foo = Foo()

// This is fine, we are not changing the foo reference.
foo.x = 2

// This would result in a compiler error as we cannot change 
// the reference since foo was declared as a constant.
foo = Foo()

值类型

// Declare a struct (which is a value type)
struct Bar {
    var y = 1 // Note the var
}

// bar's value is a constant. The constant nature of the value type properties 
// that are part of this value are subject to bar's declaration.
let bar = Bar()

// This would result in a compiler error as we cannot change 
// the value of bar.
bar.y = 2

参考和价值类型的混合

通常，您不希望在值类型上定义引用类型属性。这仅用于说明目的。

// Declare a struct (which is a value type)
struct Car {
    let foo = Foo() // This a reference type
}

// The value is a constant. But in this case since the property foo 
// is declared as a constant reference type, then the reference itself 
// is immutable but its x property is mutable since its declared as a var.
let car = Car()

// This is fine. The x property on the foo reference type is mutable.
car.foo.x = 2

由于NSMutableDictionary是一个类，因此将引用声明为常量可确保您无法更改其引用，但可以更改其可变属性。

应该注意@vadian关于NSMutableDictionary的问题的评论。

添加对象让常量NSMutableDictionary工作，但为什么呢？

1 个答案:

参考类型

值类型

参考和价值类型的混合