我刚刚在网上找到了这段代码,并且不明白输入应该如何格式化。此处显示了来自同一程序员的类似输入的示例:Pushdown automaton implemented in C
但它仍然无济于事。以下是它的说法:
输入格式如下: e01:e0 $:000111:a:ad:aeeb $:b0eb0:b10ce:c10ce:ce $ de输入为 用分号“:”分隔,第一部分是“输入字母”, 第二个是“堆栈字母表”,然后是“输入”,最后一堆是 过渡功能。
任何人都可以提供一些如何处理输入的指导吗?我现在正在努力工作大约6个小时,并且不能为我的生活破译如何为此代码格式化输入。
一旦使用gcc编译,要运行它,只需执行“./executable”并按Enter键。然后粘贴到示例输入字符串中,如上所示(虽然对于这个程序,我需要一个不同的输入)。
/* This C file implements a Turing Machine
* author: Kevin Zhou
* Computer Science and Electronics
* University of Bristol
* Date: 21st April 2010
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
typedef struct tapes {
struct tapes *left;
struct tapes *right;
char content;
} Tape;
typedef enum { LEFT,RIGHT } Direction;
typedef struct transition {
char current_state;
char tape_symbol;
char new_state;
char new_tape_symbol;
Direction dir;
} Transition;
typedef struct list {
Transition *content;
struct list *next;
} List;
typedef struct tm {
char *input_alpha;
char *input;
char *tape_alpha;
char start;
char accept;
char reject;
List *transition;
} TM;
Tape *insert_tape(Tape *t, Direction dir, char c) {
Tape *head = t;
Tape *new1 = calloc(1,sizeof(Tape));;
new1 -> content = c;
if(dir == LEFT) {
while(t->left != NULL) {
t = t->left;
}
new1->right = t;
new1->left = NULL;
t->left = new1;
return new1;
}
if(dir == RIGHT) {
while(t->right != NULL) {
t = t->right;
}
new1->left = t;
new1->right = NULL;
t->right = new1;
}
return head;
}
Tape *create_tape(char *input) {
int i=1;
Tape *t = calloc(1,sizeof(Tape));
t->content = input[0];
while(1) {
if(input[i] == '\0') break;
t = insert_tape(t,RIGHT,input[i]);
i++;
}
return t;
}
/* turn the input string into Transition fields */
Transition *get_transition(char *s) {
Transition *t = calloc(1,sizeof(Transition));
Direction dir;
t->current_state = s[0];
t->tape_symbol = s[1];
t->new_state = s[2];
t->new_tape_symbol = s[3];
dir = (s[4]=='R')? RIGHT:LEFT;
t->dir = dir;
return t;
}
/* turn the string into transitions and add into list */
List *insert_list( List *l, char *elem ) {
List *t = calloc(1,sizeof(List));
List *head = l;
while(l->next!=NULL)
l = l->next;
t->content = get_transition(elem);
t->next = NULL;
l->next = t;
return head;
}
/* insert a transition into a list */
List *insert_list_transition( List *l, Transition *tr) {
List *t = calloc(1,sizeof(List));
List *head = l;
while(l->next!=NULL)
l = l->next;
t->content = tr;
t->next = NULL;
l->next = t;
return head;
}
void print_tape( Tape *t,char blank) {
char c;
while(1) {
if(t->content != blank) break;
t= t->right;
}
while(1) {
if(t==NULL) break;
c = t->content;
if(t->content != blank)
putchar(c);
t= t->right;
}
putchar('\n');
}
void print_transition (Transition *t) {
char s1[] = "Left";
char s2[] = "Right";
if(t==NULL) {
printf("NULL Transfer");
return;
}
printf("current:%c tape:%c new state:%c new tape:%c direction %s\n",t->current_state,t->tape_symbol,t->new_state,t->new_tape_symbol,(t->dir == LEFT)?s1:s2);
}
/*test if the char c is in the string s */
int contains ( char c, char *s ) {
int i=0;
while(1) {
if(c== s[i]) return 1;
if(s[i] == '\0') return 0;
i++;
}
}
/* test if the input is a valid input */
int is_valid_input( char *input_alpha, char *input ) {
int i=0;
char c;
while(1) {
c = input[i];
if(c == '\0') break;
if(!contains(c,input_alpha)) return 0;
i++;
}
return 1;
}
TM *createTM (char *input) {
TM *m = calloc(1,sizeof(TM));
List *tr = calloc(1,sizeof(List));
char *buffer;
/*read input alphabet of PDA*/
buffer = strtok(input,":");
if(buffer == NULL) {
printf("Error in reading input alphabet!\n");
exit(1);
}
m->input_alpha = buffer;
/*read tape alphabet*/
buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
if(buffer == NULL) {
printf("Error in reading tape alphabet!\n");
exit(1);
}
m->tape_alpha = buffer;
/*read input sequence*/
buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
if(buffer == NULL) {
printf("Error in reading input sequence!\n");
exit(1);
}
if(!is_valid_input(m->input_alpha,buffer)) {
printf("Error! Input contains some invalid characters that don't match the input alphabet!\n");
exit(1);
}
m->input = buffer;
buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
m->start = buffer[0];
buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
m->accept = buffer[0];
buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
m->reject = buffer[0];
/*read tape transition*/
while(1) {
buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
if(buffer == NULL) break;
tr = insert_list(tr,buffer);
}
m->transition = tr->next;
return m;
}
Transition *find_transition(List * list,char state, char tape_symbol) {
Transition *t;
while(1) {
if(list==NULL) return NULL;
t = list -> content;
if(t->current_state == state && t->tape_symbol == tape_symbol)
return t;
list = list->next;
}
}
Tape *move(Tape *t,Direction dir, char blank) {
if(dir == LEFT) {
if(t->left==NULL) {
t = insert_tape(t,LEFT,blank);
}
return t->left;
}
if(dir == RIGHT) {
if(t->right==NULL) {
t = insert_tape(t,RIGHT,blank);
}
return t->right;
}
return NULL;
}
void simulate( TM *m ) {
/* first symbol in input symbol used to represent the blank symbol */
const char blank = m->tape_alpha[0];
char current_state = m->start;
Tape *tape = create_tape(m->input);
Tape *current_tape = tape;
char current_tape_symbol;
Transition *current_transition;
while(1) {
if(current_state == m->accept) {
printf("Accept\n");
print_tape(tape,blank);
break;
}
if(current_state == m->reject) {
printf("Reject\n");
print_tape(tape,blank);
break;
}
current_tape_symbol = (current_tape==NULL||current_tape ->content == '\0')?blank:current_tape->content;
current_transition = find_transition(m->transition,current_state,current_tape_symbol);
current_state = current_transition -> new_state;
current_tape -> content = current_transition -> new_tape_symbol;
current_tape = move( current_tape, current_transition ->dir, blank);
}
}
int main(void) {
char s[300];
TM *p;
scanf("%s",s);
p = createTM(s);
simulate(p);
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:3)
大量使用行buffer = strtok(NULL,":")
确认输入字符串(如链接代码中)以冒号分隔。
结构定义是对输入进行逆向工程的关键。
主要结构是:
typedef struct tm {
char *input_alpha;
char *input;
char *tape_alpha;
char start;
char accept;
char reject;
List *transition;
} TM;
函数createTM()
是将:
上的输入分开并加载图灵机的函数。 struct tm
有7个字段,createTM()
有7个明确阶段
1)第一部分是输入字母表。据推测,这将是一个包含1个或更多字符的字符串,例如01
。
2)第二部分是磁带是磁带字母表。在其余代码中扮演任何角色的唯一角色是第一个角色。主模拟函数中的行const char blank = m->tape_alpha[0];
表示第一个字符扮演空白字符的角色 - 表示磁带正方形为空的字符。将空白写入正方形的功能允许图灵机以正方形擦除数据。请注意,在某种意义上,这部分输入是乱序的 - 它被列为结构定义中的第三个字段,但它是输入字符串中的第二个字段。
3)第三部分是磁带上的初始输入。它是一个字符串,其所有字符都是从第一部分绘制的。函数is_valid_input()
用于检查这种情况。
4)下一部分是开始状态,它由一个char
组成5)下一部分是接受状态,它也是一个字符。因此,在TM的这个模型中,存在单个接受状态
6)下一部分是拒绝状态,再次由单个字符
表示 7)接下来是一系列字符串,它们被送入一个链接的字符串列表中。理解其工作原理的关键功能是get_transition()
,它接受其中一个转换字符串并将其转换为Transition
结构,声明为:
typedef struct transition {
char current_state;
char tape_symbol;
char new_state;
char new_tape_symbol;
Direction dir;
} Transition;
仔细查看函数get_transition()
,您可以推断转换由长度为5的字符串表示,其中最后一个字符为R
或L
。一个例子是像a1b0R
这样的东西,如#34;如果你在扫描符号a
时处于状态0
,转换到状态b
,写符号{ {1}}并向右移动&#34;。
将所有内容放在一起,输入字符串的表单将类似于:
1
对应
01:_102:1001010101:$:a:r:$0b1R:b1b0L:a1b2R
我只是随机做了一些转换,既不知道也不关心程序对这个输入做什么。这应该足以让您开始尝试该程序。