无法理解C中图灵机实现的输入

时间:2016-12-15 19:47:16

标签: c turing-machines

我刚刚在网上找到了这段代码,并且不明白输入应该如何格式化。此处显示了来自同一程序员的类似输入的示例:Pushdown automaton implemented in C

但它仍然无济于事。以下是它的说法:

  

输入格式如下:   e01:e0 $:000111:a:ad:aeeb $:b0eb0:b10ce:c10ce:ce $ de输入为   用分号“:”分隔,第一部分是“输入字母”,   第二个是“堆栈字母表”,然后是“输入”,最后一堆是   过渡功能。

任何人都可以提供一些如何处理输入的指导吗?我现在正在努力工作大约6个小时,并且不能为我的生活破译如何为此代码格式化输入。

一旦使用gcc编译,要运行它,只需执行“./executable”并按Enter键。然后粘贴到示例输入字符串中,如上所示(虽然对于这个程序,我需要一个不同的输入)。

/* This C file implements a Turing Machine
 * author: Kevin Zhou
 * Computer Science and Electronics
 * University of Bristol
 * Date: 21st April 2010
 */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

typedef struct tapes {
    struct tapes *left;
    struct tapes *right;
    char content;
} Tape;

typedef enum { LEFT,RIGHT } Direction;

typedef struct transition {
    char current_state;
    char tape_symbol;
    char new_state;
    char new_tape_symbol;
    Direction dir;
} Transition;

typedef struct list {
    Transition *content;
    struct list *next;
} List;

typedef struct tm {
    char *input_alpha;
    char *input;
    char *tape_alpha;
    char start;
    char accept;
    char reject;
    List *transition;
} TM;

Tape *insert_tape(Tape *t, Direction dir, char c) {
    Tape *head = t;
    Tape *new1 = calloc(1,sizeof(Tape));;
    new1 -> content = c;
    if(dir == LEFT) {
        while(t->left != NULL) {
            t = t->left;
        }
        new1->right = t;
        new1->left = NULL;
        t->left = new1;
        return new1;
    }
    if(dir == RIGHT) {
        while(t->right != NULL) {
            t = t->right;
        }
        new1->left = t;
        new1->right = NULL;
        t->right = new1;
    }
    return head;
}

Tape *create_tape(char *input) {
    int i=1;
    Tape *t = calloc(1,sizeof(Tape));
    t->content = input[0];
    while(1) {
        if(input[i] == '\0') break;
        t = insert_tape(t,RIGHT,input[i]);
        i++;
    }
    return t;
}

/* turn the input string into Transition fields */
Transition *get_transition(char *s) {
    Transition *t = calloc(1,sizeof(Transition));
    Direction dir;
    t->current_state = s[0];
    t->tape_symbol = s[1];
    t->new_state = s[2];
    t->new_tape_symbol = s[3];
    dir = (s[4]=='R')? RIGHT:LEFT;
    t->dir = dir;
    return t;
}

/* turn the string into transitions and add into list */
List *insert_list( List *l, char *elem ) {
    List *t = calloc(1,sizeof(List));
    List *head = l;
    while(l->next!=NULL)
        l = l->next;
    t->content = get_transition(elem);
    t->next = NULL;
    l->next = t;
    return head;
}

/* insert a transition into a list */
List *insert_list_transition( List *l, Transition *tr) {
    List *t = calloc(1,sizeof(List));
    List *head = l;
    while(l->next!=NULL)
        l = l->next;
    t->content = tr;
    t->next = NULL;
    l->next = t;
    return head;
}

void print_tape( Tape *t,char blank) {
    char c;
    while(1) {
        if(t->content != blank) break;
        t= t->right;
    }
    while(1) {
        if(t==NULL) break;
        c = t->content;
        if(t->content != blank)
            putchar(c);
        t= t->right;
    }
    putchar('\n');
}

void print_transition (Transition *t) {
    char s1[] = "Left";
    char s2[] = "Right";
    if(t==NULL) {
        printf("NULL Transfer");
        return;
    }
    printf("current:%c tape:%c new state:%c new tape:%c direction %s\n",t->current_state,t->tape_symbol,t->new_state,t->new_tape_symbol,(t->dir == LEFT)?s1:s2);
}

/*test if the char c is in the string s */
int contains ( char c, char *s ) {
    int i=0;
    while(1) {
        if(c== s[i]) return 1;
        if(s[i] == '\0') return 0;
        i++;
    }
}

/* test if the input is a valid input */
int is_valid_input( char *input_alpha, char *input ) {
    int i=0;
    char c;
    while(1) {
        c = input[i];
        if(c == '\0') break;
        if(!contains(c,input_alpha)) return 0;
        i++;
    }
    return 1;
}

TM *createTM (char *input) {

    TM *m = calloc(1,sizeof(TM));
    List *tr = calloc(1,sizeof(List));
    char *buffer;
    /*read input alphabet of PDA*/
    buffer = strtok(input,":");
    if(buffer == NULL) {
        printf("Error in reading input alphabet!\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    m->input_alpha = buffer;

    /*read tape alphabet*/
    buffer = strtok(NULL,":");

    if(buffer == NULL) {
        printf("Error in reading tape alphabet!\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    m->tape_alpha = buffer;

    /*read input sequence*/
    buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
    if(buffer == NULL) {
        printf("Error in reading input sequence!\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(!is_valid_input(m->input_alpha,buffer)) {
        printf("Error! Input contains some invalid characters that don't match the input alphabet!\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    m->input = buffer;
    buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
    m->start = buffer[0];
    buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
    m->accept = buffer[0];
    buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
    m->reject = buffer[0];

    /*read tape transition*/
    while(1) {
        buffer = strtok(NULL,":");
        if(buffer == NULL) break;
        tr = insert_list(tr,buffer);
    }

    m->transition = tr->next;
    return m;
}

Transition *find_transition(List * list,char state, char tape_symbol) {
    Transition *t;
    while(1) {
        if(list==NULL) return NULL;
        t = list -> content;
        if(t->current_state == state && t->tape_symbol == tape_symbol)
            return t;
        list = list->next;
    }
}

Tape *move(Tape *t,Direction dir, char blank) {
    if(dir == LEFT) {
        if(t->left==NULL) {
            t = insert_tape(t,LEFT,blank);
        }
        return t->left;
    }
    if(dir == RIGHT) {
        if(t->right==NULL) {
            t = insert_tape(t,RIGHT,blank);
        }
        return t->right;
    }
    return NULL;
}

void simulate( TM *m ) {
    /* first symbol in input symbol used to represent the blank symbol */
    const char blank = m->tape_alpha[0];
    char current_state = m->start;
    Tape *tape = create_tape(m->input);
    Tape *current_tape = tape;
    char current_tape_symbol;
    Transition *current_transition;
    while(1) {
        if(current_state == m->accept) {
            printf("Accept\n");
            print_tape(tape,blank);
            break;
        }
        if(current_state == m->reject) {
            printf("Reject\n");
            print_tape(tape,blank);
            break;
        }
        current_tape_symbol = (current_tape==NULL||current_tape ->content == '\0')?blank:current_tape->content;
        current_transition = find_transition(m->transition,current_state,current_tape_symbol);
        current_state = current_transition -> new_state;
        current_tape -> content = current_transition -> new_tape_symbol;
        current_tape = move( current_tape, current_transition ->dir, blank);
    }
}

int main(void) {
    char s[300];
    TM *p;
    scanf("%s",s);
    p = createTM(s);
    simulate(p);
    return 0;
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

大量使用行buffer = strtok(NULL,":")确认输入字符串(如链接代码中)以冒号分隔。

结构定义是对输入进行逆向工程的关键。

主要结构是:

typedef struct tm {
    char *input_alpha;
    char *input;
    char *tape_alpha;
    char start;
    char accept;
    char reject;
    List *transition;
} TM;

函数createTM()是将:上的输入分开并加载图灵机的函数。 struct tm有7个字段,createTM()有7个明确阶段

1)第一部分是输入字母表。据推测,这将是一个包含1个或更多字符的字符串,例如01

2)第二部分是磁带是磁带字母表。在其余代码中扮演任何角色的唯一角色是第一个角色。主模拟函数中的行const char blank = m->tape_alpha[0];表示第一个字符扮演空白字符的角色 - 表示磁带正方形为空的字符。将空白写入正方形的功能允许图灵机以正方形擦除数据。请注意,在某种意义上,这部分输入是乱序的 - 它被列为结构定义中的第三个字段,但它是输入字符串中的第二个字段。

3)第三部分是磁带上的初始输入。它是一个字符串,其所有字符都是从第一部分绘制的。函数is_valid_input()用于检查这种情况。

4)下一部分是开始状态,它由一个char

组成

5)下一部分是接受状态,它也是一个字符。因此,在TM的这个模型中,存在单个接受状态

6)下一部分是拒绝状态,再次由单个字符

表示

7)接下来是一系列字符串,它们被送入一个链接的字符串列表中。理解其工作原理的关键功能是get_transition(),它接受​​其中一个转换字符串并将其转换为Transition结构,声明为:

typedef struct transition {
    char current_state;
    char tape_symbol;
    char new_state;
    char new_tape_symbol;
    Direction dir;
} Transition;

仔细查看函数get_transition(),您可以推断转换由长度为5的字符串表示,其中最后一个字符为RL。一个例子是像a1b0R这样的东西,如#34;如果你在扫描符号a时处于状态0,转换到状态b,写符号{ {1}}并向右移动&#34;。

将所有内容放在一起,输入字符串的表单将类似于:

1

对应

01:_102:1001010101:$:a:r:$0b1R:b1b0L:a1b2R

我只是随机做了一些转换,既不知道也不关心程序对这个输入做什么。这应该足以让您开始尝试该程序。