我有以下文件：
总统诺伯特·拉姆特博士：我宣布会议开幕。我现在请Bundesminister Alexander Dobrindt发言。
（CDU / CSU的掌声和社民党的代表）
运输和数字基础设施部长Alexander Dobrindt：
女士们，先生们。我们今天将开始对有史以来最大的基础设施投资，超过2700亿欧元，超过1000个项目和明确的融资视角。
（Volker Kauder [CDU / CSU]：Genau！）
（CDU / CSU和SPD的掌声）
当我阅读那些.txt文档时，我想创建一个第二列，表明发言人姓名。
所以我尝试的是首先创建一个包含所有可能名称的列表并替换它们。
library(qdap)
members <- c("Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure:","President Dr. Norbert Lammert:")
members_r <- c("@Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure:","@President Dr. Norbert Lammert:")
prok <- scan(".txt", what = "character", sep = "\n")
prok <- mgsub(members,members_r,prok)
prok <- as.data.frame(prok)
prok$speaker <- grepl("@[^\\@:]*:",prok$prok, ignore.case = T)
我的计划是获取@和之间的名称：通过正则表达式，如果说话者== true并向下应用它，直到有一个不同的名称（并明显删除所有的掌声/喊叫括号），但这也是我的位置不知道我怎么能这样做。
答案 0 :(得分：2)
这是方法：
require (qdap)
#text is the document text
# remove round brackets and text b/w ()
a <- bracketX(text, "round")
names <- c("President Dr. Norbert Lammert","Alexander Dobrindt" )
searchString <- paste(names[1],names[2], sep = ".+")
# Get string from names[1] till names[2] with the help of searchString
string <- regmatches(a, regexpr(searchString, a))
# remove names[2] from string
string <- gsub(names[2],"",string)
当代码超过2个
时，可以循环使用此代码答案 1 :(得分：1)
这似乎有效
library(qdap)
members <- c("Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure:","President Dr. Norbert Lammert:")
members_r <- c("@Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure:","@President Dr. Norbert Lammert:")
testprok <- read.table("txt",header=FALSE,quote = "\"",comment.char="",sep="\t")
testprok$V1 <- mgsub(members,members_r,testprok$V1)
testprok$V2 <- ifelse(grepl("@[^\\@:]*:",testprok$V1),testprok$V1,NA)
####function from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7735647/replacing-nas-with-latest-non-na-value
repeat.before = function(x) { # repeats the last non NA value. Keeps leading NA
ind = which(!is.na(x)) # get positions of nonmissing values
if(is.na(x[1])) # if it begins with a missing, add the
ind = c(1,ind) # first position to the indices
rep(x[ind], times = diff( # repeat the values at these indices
c(ind, length(x) + 1) )) # diffing the indices + length yields how often
} # they need to be repeated
testprok$V2 = repeat.before(testprok$V2)
答案 2 :(得分：1)
这是一种严重依赖dplyr的方法。
首先，我在示例文本中添加了一个句子，以说明为什么我们不能使用冒号来识别说话人姓名。
sampleText <-
"President Dr. Norbert Lammert: I declare the session open.
I will now give the floor to Bundesminister Alexander Dobrindt.
(Applause of CDU/CSU and delegates of the SPD)
Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure:
Ladies and Gentleman. We will today start the biggest investment in infrastructure that ever existed, with over 270 billion Euro, over 1 000 projects and a clear financing perspective.
(Volker Kauder [CDU/CSU]: Genau!)
(Applause of the CDU/CSU and the SPD)
This sentence right here: it is an example of a problem"
然后我将文本拆分为模拟您正在阅读的格式（这也将每个语音放在列表的一部分中）。
splitText <- strsplit(sampleText, "\n")
然后，我将所有潜在的发言者（结肠前的任何内容）拉出
allSpeakers <- lapply(splitText, function(thisText){
grep(":", thisText, value = TRUE) %>%
gsub(":.*", "", .) %>%
gsub("\\(", "", .)
}) %>%
unlist() %>%
unique()
这给了我们：
[1] "President Dr. Norbert Lammert"
[2] "Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure"
[3] "Volker Kauder [CDU/CSU]"
[4] "This sentence right here"
显然，最后一个不是合法的名称，因此应从我们的发言人名单中排除：
legitSpeakers <-
allSpeakers[-4]
现在，我们已准备好完成演讲。我在下面列出了逐步注释，而不是在文本中进行描述
speechText <- lapply(splitText, function(thisText){
# Remove applause and interjections (things in parentheses)
# along with any blank lines; though you could leave blanks if you want
cleanText <-
grep("(^\\(.*\\)$)|(^$)", thisText
, value = TRUE, invert = TRUE)
# Split each line by a semicolor
strsplit(cleanText, ":") %>%
lapply(function(x){
# Check if the first element is a legit speaker
if(x[1] %in% legitSpeakers){
# If so, set the speaker, and put the statement in a separate portion
# taking care to re-collapse any breaks caused by additional colons
out <- data.frame(speaker = x[1]
, text = paste(x[-1], collapse = ":"))
} else{
# If not a legit speaker, set speaker to NA and reset text as above
out <- data.frame(speaker = NA
, text = paste(x, collapse = ":"))
}
# Return whichever version we made above
return(out)
}) %>%
# Bind all of the rows together
bind_rows %>%
# Identify clusters of speech that go with a single speaker
mutate(speakingGroup = cumsum(!is.na(speaker))) %>%
# Group by those clusters
group_by(speakingGroup) %>%
# Collapse that speaking down into a single row
summarise(speaker = speaker[1]
, fullText = paste(text, collapse = "\n"))
})
这会产生
[[1]]
speakingGroup speaker fullText
1 President Dr. Norbert Lammert I declare the session open.\nI will now give the floor to Bundesminister Alexander Dobrindt.
2 Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure Ladies and Gentleman. We will today start the biggest investment in infrastructure that ever existed, with over 270 billion Euro, over 1 000 projects and a clear financing perspective.\nThis sentence right here: it is an example of a problem
如果您希望单独使用每行文字，请将最后的summarise替换为mutate(speaker = speaker[1])，并为每一行语音添加一行，如下所示：
speaker text speakingGroup
President Dr. Norbert Lammert I declare the session open. 1
President Dr. Norbert Lammert I will now give the floor to Bundesminister Alexander Dobrindt. 1
Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure 2
Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure Ladies and Gentleman. We will today start the biggest investment in infrastructure that ever existed, with over 270 billion Euro, over 1 000 projects and a clear financing perspective. 2
Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure This sentence right here: it is an example of a problem 2