如何在sqlalchemy中加入两个ORM表,但要将两列都归还?

时间:2016-12-06 22:13:33

标签: python orm sqlalchemy

我有一些看起来非常像这样的代码:

import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

engine = sa.create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=True)
Base = declarative_base()


class OneThing(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'one'

    id = sa.Column(sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = sa.Column(sa.Text)
    value = sa.Column(sa.Text)


class OtherThing(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'other'

    id = sa.Column(sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
    some_deal = sa.Column(sa.Text)
    other_deal = sa.Column(sa.Text)

Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

session = sa.orm.sessionmaker(bind=engine)()
one = OneThing()
one.id = 42
one.name = 'hi'
one.value = 'roscivs'
session.add(one)
other = OtherThing()
other.id = 42
other.some_deal = 'brown'
other.other_deal = 'and sticky'
session.add(other)
session.commit()

现在,我可以运行以下内容:

for row in session.query(OneThing).outerjoin(OtherThing, OneThing.id == OtherThing.id):
    print(row)

它会打印一行。显然我没有__repr__所以它只是打印出非常难看的默认repr。但是,假设我想要other_deal值,所以我输入了print(row.other_deal)

我收到以下错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 43, in <module>
    print(row.other_deal)
AttributeError: 'OneThing' object has no attribute 'other_deal'

事实上你可以看到发出的SQL并不是我想要的:

SELECT one.id AS one_id, one.name AS one_name, one.value AS one_value
FROM one LEFT OUTER JOIN other ON one.id = other.id

做外连接...但它只返回one表中的列。我希望one other。我怎么做到的?

我已经尝试了add_entity,但这并没有达到我想要的效果。

我是如何从两个模型中获取列的? (注意,我不能在两个表之间添加ForeignKey关系)

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

首先从其他一些事情开始,我们将回答您的实际问题。

首先declarative_base提供了一个关键字参数构造函数,所以不是这样:

one = OneThing()
one.id = 42
one.name = 'hi'
one.value = 'roscivs'

你可以写:

one = OneThing(id=42, name='hi', value='roscivs')

第二:假设两个表之间存在数据库关系,您可以使用relationship定义来通知sqlalchemy模型之间的关系。在这里,我假设从id列到id列有一个ForeignKey,它是一对一的关系:

class OtherThing(Base):
    ...
    id = sa.Column(sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey(OneThing.id), primary_key=True)
    ...
    one_thing = sa.orm.relationship(OneThing, backref=sa.orm.backref('other_thing', uselist=False))

在这种情况下,您可以按如下方式编写当前查询,sqlalchemy将确定连接条件:

query = session.query(OneThing).outerjoin(OtherThing)

最后,让我们在结果中包含相关数据。有多个选项,但从您拥有的内容开始,您可以查询OneThing(仅限),然后导航上面定义的关系:

query = session.query(OneThing).outerjoin(OtherThing)
for one in query:
    print(one)
    print(one.other_thing.other_deal)

另一种选择是同时查询两个模型,但请注意,结果行包含(OneThing, OtherThing)的元组:

query = session.query(OneThing, OtherThing).outerjoin(OtherThing)
for one, oth in query:
    print(one)
    print(oth)

另一种选择是仅查询列的子集:

query = session.query(OneThing.name, OtherThing.other_deal).outerjoin(OtherThing)
for row in query:
    print(row)
# ('hi', 'and sticky')