Question

我有一个文本文件，格式如下：

word_form root_form morphological_form frequency
word_form root_form morphological_form frequency
word_form root_form morphological_form frequency

......有100万件物品

但是有些word_forms包含一个撇号（'），有些则没有，所以我想将它们视为同一个单词的实例，也就是说我想合并这两行：

cup'board   cup     blabla  12
cupboard    cup     blabla2 10

进入这一个（频率增加）：

cupboard    cup     blabla2  22

我在Python 2.7中搜索一个解决方案来做到这一点，我的第一个想法是阅读文本文件，在两个不同的词典中存储带撇号和单词的单词，然后用撇号翻阅单词词典，测试是否这些单词已经在字典中没有撇号，如果它们实现了频率，如果不是简单地添加这行并删除撇号。这是我的代码：

class Lemma:
    """Creates a Lemma with the word form, the root, the morphological analysis and the frequency in the corpus"""
    def __init__(self,lop):
        self.word_form = lop[0]
        self.root = lop[1]
        self.morph = lop[2]
        self.freq = int(lop[3])

def Reader(filename):
    """Keeps the lines of a file in memory for a single reading, memory efficient"""
    with open(filename) as f:
        for line in f:
            yield line

def get_word_dict(filename):
    '''Separates the word list into two dictionaries, one for words with apostrophe and one for words with apostrophe'''
    '''Works in a reasonable time'''
    '''This step can be done writing line by line, avoiding all storage in memory'''
    word_dict = {}
    word_dict_striped = {}

    # We store the lemmas in two dictionaries, word_dict for words without apostrophe, word_dict_striped for words with apostrophe   
    with open('word_dict.txt', 'wb') as f:
        with open('word_dict_striped.txt', 'wb') as g:

            reader = Reader(filename)
            for line in reader:
                items = line.split("\t")
                word_form = items[0]
                if "'" in word_form:
                    # we remove the apostrophe in the word form and morphological analysis and add the lemma to the dictionary word_dict_striped
                    items[0] = word_form.replace("'","")
                    items[2] = items[2].replace("\+Apos", "")

                    g.write( "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s" % (items[0], items[1], items[2], items[3]))
                    word_dict_striped({items[0] : Lemma(items)})
                else:
                    # we just add the lemma to the dictionary word_dict
                    f.write( "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s" % (items[0], items[1], items[2], items[3]))
                    word_dict.update({items[0] : Lemma(items)})

    return word_dict, word_dict_striped

def merge_word_dict(word_dict, word_dict_striped):
    '''Takes two dictionaries and merge them by adding the count of their frequencies if there is a common key'''
    ''' Does not run in reasonable time on the whole list '''

    with open('word_compiled_dict.txt', 'wb') as f:

        for word in word_dict_striped.keys():
            if word in word_dict.keys():
                word_dict[word].freq += word_dict_striped[word].freq
                f.write( "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s" % (word_dict[word].word_form, word_dict[word].root, word_dict[word].morph, word_dict[word].freq))
            else:
                word_dict.update(word_dict_striped[word])

    print "Number of words: ",
    print(len(word_dict))

    for x in word_dict:
        print x, word_dict[x].root, word_dict[x].morph, word_dict[x].freq

    return word_dict

这个解决方案在合理的时间内工作，直到存储两个字典，无论我是逐行写入两个文本文件以避免任何存储，还是将它们存储为程序中的dict对象。但两个字典的合并永远不会结束！

字典的“更新”功能可以工作但覆盖一个频率计数而不是添加两个频率计数。我看到了一些合并字典的解决方案加上Counter： Python: Elegantly merge dictionaries with sum() of values Merge and sum of two dictionaries How to sum dict elements How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? Is there any pythonic way to combine two dicts (adding values for keys that appear in both)? 但它们似乎只在词典的形式（单词，计数）时起作用，而我也想在字典中携带其他字段。

我愿意接受你的所有想法或重新解决问题，因为我的目标是让这个程序运行一次只是为了在文本文件中获取这个合并列表，谢谢你提前！

Answer 1

这里的东西或多或少都符合你的要求。只需更改顶部的文件名即可。它不会修改原始文件。

input_file_name = "input.txt"
output_file_name = "output.txt"

def custom_comp(s1, s2):
    word1 = s1.split()[0]
    word2 = s2.split()[0]
    stripped1 = word1.translate(None, "'")
    stripped2 = word2.translate(None, "'")

    if stripped1 > stripped2:
        return 1
    elif stripped1 < stripped2:
        return -1
    else:
        if "'" in word1:
            return -1
        else:
            return 1

def get_word(line):
    return line.split()[0].translate(None, "'")

def get_num(line):
    return int(line.split()[-1])

print "Reading file and sorting..."

lines = []
with open(input_file_name, 'r') as f:
    for line in sorted(f, cmp=custom_comp):
        lines.append(line)

print "File read and sorted"

combined_lines = []

print "Combining entries..."

i = 0
while i < len(lines) - 1:
    if get_word(lines[i]) == get_word(lines[i+1]):
        total = get_num(lines[i]) + get_num(lines[i+1])
        new_parts = lines[i+1].split()
        new_parts[-1] = str(total)
        combined_lines.append(" ".join(new_parts))
        i += 2
    else:
        combined_lines.append(lines[i].strip())
        i += 1

print "Entries combined"
print "Writing to file..."

with open(output_file_name, 'w+') as f:
    for line in combined_lines:
        f.write(line + "\n")

print "Finished"

它对单词进行排序并稍微混淆了间距。如果这很重要，请告诉我，并且可以进行调整。

另一件事是它整个事情的分类。只有一百万行，可能不会花费太长时间，但请再次告诉我，如果这是一个问题。

Python：将字典与添加值合并但保留其他字段

1 个答案: