QThread的Qt文档说要从QThread创建一个类,并实现run方法。
以下内容摘自4.7 Qthread文档......
要创建自己的线程,请继承QThread并重新实现run()。例如:
class MyThread : public QThread
{
public:
void run();
};
void MyThread::run()
{
QTcpSocket socket;
// connect QTcpSocket's signals somewhere meaningful
...
socket.connectToHost(hostName, portNumber);
exec();
}
所以在我创建的每一个线程中,我都做到了这一点,并且对于大多数事情来说它工作得很好(我没有在我的任何对象中实现moveToThread(this)并且效果很好)。
我上周遇到了麻烦(设法通过解决我创建对象的地方来解决问题)并找到了following blog post。这里基本上说,子类化QThread确实不是正确的方法(并且文档不正确)。
这是来自Qt的开发人员,所以乍一看我很感兴趣,经过进一步的反思,同意他。遵循面向对象原则,你真的只想继承一个类来进一步增强该类......不要直接使用类方法......这就是你实例化的原因......
让我们说我想将一个自定义QObject类移动到一个线程......这样做的“正确”方法是什么?在那篇博客文章中,他说'他在某个地方有一个例子......但如果有人能够向我进一步解释它,我将非常感激!
更新
由于这个问题引起了如此多的关注,这里是4.8文档的复制和粘贴,以及“正确”的方式来实现QThread。
class Worker : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
QThread workerThread;
public slots:
void doWork(const QString ¶meter) {
// ...
emit resultReady(result);
}
signals:
void resultReady(const QString &result);
};
class Controller : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
QThread workerThread;
public:
Controller() {
Worker *worker = new Worker;
worker->moveToThread(&workerThread);
connect(workerThread, SIGNAL(finished()), worker, SLOT(deleteLater()));
connect(this, SIGNAL(operate(QString)), worker, SLOT(doWork(QString)));
connect(worker, SIGNAL(resultReady(QString)), this, SLOT(handleResults(QString)));
workerThread.start();
}
~Controller() {
workerThread.quit();
workerThread.wait();
}
public slots:
void handleResults(const QString &);
signals:
void operate(const QString &);
};
我仍然认为值得指出的是,它们包含一个额外的Worker::workerThread
成员,这是不必要的,并且从未在他们的示例中使用过。删除该部分,这是如何在Qt中进行线程的正确示例。
答案 0 :(得分:31)
关于我唯一想要添加的内容是进一步说明QObject
与单个线程有亲缘关系。这通常是创建QObject
的线程。因此,如果您在应用程序的主线程中创建QObject
并希望在另一个线程中使用它,则需要使用moveToThread()
来更改关联。
这节省了必须子类QThread
并在run()
方法中创建对象,从而保持您的东西很好地封装。
该博客帖子确实包含指向example的链接。它很短,但它显示了基本的想法。创建QObject
,连接信号,创建QThread
,将QObjects
移至QThread
并启动主题。信号/插槽机制将确保正确且安全地交叉线程边界。
如果必须在该机制之外的对象上调用方法,则可能必须引入同步。
我知道Qt还有一些其他很好的threading facilities线程可能值得熟悉,但我还没有这样做:)
答案 1 :(得分:9)
这是one example of how to use QThread correctly,但它有一些问题,这些问题会反映在评论中。特别是,由于没有严格定义执行槽的顺序,因此可能导致各种问题。 2013年8月6日发布的评论很好地解决了如何处理这个问题。我在我的程序中使用了类似的东西,这里有一些示例代码来澄清。
基本思想是一样的:我创建一个QThread实例,它存在于我的主线程中,一个工作者类实例,它存在于我创建的新线程中,然后我连接所有信号。
void ChildProcesses::start()
{
QThread *childrenWatcherThread = new QThread();
ChildrenWatcher *childrenWatcher = new ChildrenWatcher();
childrenWatcher->moveToThread(childrenWatcherThread);
// These three signals carry the "outcome" of the worker job.
connect(childrenWatcher, SIGNAL(exited(int, int)),
SLOT(onChildExited(int, int)));
connect(childrenWatcher, SIGNAL(signalled(int, int)),
SLOT(onChildSignalled(int, int)));
connect(childrenWatcher, SIGNAL(stateChanged(int)),
SLOT(onChildStateChanged(int)));
// Make the watcher watch when the thread starts:
connect(childrenWatcherThread, SIGNAL(started()),
childrenWatcher, SLOT(watch()));
// Make the watcher set its 'stop' flag when we're done.
// This is performed while the watch() method is still running,
// so we need to execute it concurrently from this thread,
// hence the Qt::DirectConnection. The stop() method is thread-safe
// (uses a mutex to set the flag).
connect(this, SIGNAL(stopped()),
childrenWatcher, SLOT(stop()), Qt::DirectConnection);
// Make the thread quit when the watcher self-destructs:
connect(childrenWatcher, SIGNAL(destroyed()),
childrenWatcherThread, SLOT(quit()));
// Make the thread self-destruct when it finishes,
// or rather, make the main thread delete it:
connect(childrenWatcherThread, SIGNAL(finished()),
childrenWatcherThread, SLOT(deleteLater()));
childrenWatcherThread->start();
}
一些背景知识:
ChildProcesses类是一个子进程管理器,它使用spawn()调用启动新的子进程,保留当前正在运行的进程列表等等。但是,它需要跟踪子状态,这意味着在Linux上使用waitpid()调用或在Windows上使用WaitForMultipleObjects。我曾经使用计时器在非阻塞模式下调用它们,但现在我想要更快速的反应,这意味着阻塞模式。这就是线程进入的地方。
ChildrenWatcher类定义如下:
class ChildrenWatcher: public QObject {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QMutex mutex;
bool stopped;
bool isStopped();
public:
ChildrenWatcher();
public slots:
/// This is the method which runs in the thread.
void watch();
/// Sets the stop flag.
void stop();
signals:
/// A child process exited normally.
void exited(int ospid, int code);
/// A child process crashed (Unix only).
void signalled(int ospid, int signal);
/// Something happened to a child (Unix only).
void stateChanged(int ospid);
};
这是怎么回事。当所有这些东西都启动时,调用ChildProcess :: start()方法(见上文)。它创建了一个新的QThread和一个新的ChildrenWatcher,然后将其移动到新的线程。然后我连接三个信号,通知我的经理关于其子进程的命运(退出/发信号/上帝知道发生了什么)。然后开始主要的乐趣。
我将QThread :: started()连接到ChildrenWatcher :: watch()方法,以便在线程准备好后立即启动它。由于观察者生活在新线程中,因此执行watch()方法(排队连接用于调用插槽)。
然后我使用Qt :: DirectConnection将ChildProcesses :: stopped()信号连接到ChildrenWatcher :: stop()槽,因为我需要异步执行它。这是必需的,所以我的线程在不再需要ChildProcesses管理器时停止。 stop()方法如下所示:
void ChildrenWatcher::stop()
{
mutex.lock();
stopped = true;
mutex.unlock();
}
然后是ChildrenWatcher :: watch():
void ChildrenWatcher::watch()
{
while (!isStopped()) {
// Blocking waitpid() call here.
// Maybe emit one of the three informational signals here too.
}
// Self-destruct now!
deleteLater();
}
哦,isStopped()方法只是在while()条件下使用互斥的一种方便的方法:
bool ChildrenWatcher::isStopped()
{
bool stopped;
mutex.lock();
stopped = this->stopped;
mutex.unlock();
return stopped;
}
所以这里发生的是我在需要完成时设置了停止标志,然后下次调用isStopped(),它返回false并且线程结束。
那么watch()循环结束时会发生什么?它调用deleteLater(),因此只要控件返回到线程事件循环,对象就会自行破坏,这发生在deleteLater()调用之后(当watch()返回时)。回到ChildProcesses :: start(),您可以看到从观察者的destroyed()信号到线程的quit()槽的连接。这意味着当观察者完成时线程自动完成。当它完成时,它也会自毁,因为它自己的finished()信号连接到它的deleteLater()插槽。
这与Maya发布的几乎相同,但由于我使用自毁语法,我不需要依赖于调用插槽的顺序。它总是先自我毁灭,稍后停止线程,然后它自我毁灭。我可以在worker中定义一个finished()信号,然后将它连接到自己的deleteLater(),但这只会意味着一个连接更多。由于我不需要为任何其他目的使用finished()信号,我选择只从工作者本身调用deleteLater()。
Maya还提到你不应该在worker的构造函数中分配新的QObject,因为它们不会存在于你将worker移动到的线程中。无论如何我都会这么做,因为这就是OOP的工作方式。只要确保所有这些QObject都是worker的子节点(即使用QObject(QObject *)构造函数) - moveToThread()将所有子节点与正在移动的对象一起移动。如果你真的需要QObject不是你对象的子对象,那么在你的worker中覆盖moveToThread(),这样它就会移动所有必要的东西。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
不要贬低@ sergey-tachenov的优秀答案,但在Qt5中,您可以停止使用SIGNAL和SLOT,简化代码并具有编译时检查的优势:
void ChildProcesses::start()
{
QThread *childrenWatcherThread = new QThread();
ChildrenWatcher *childrenWatcher = new ChildrenWatcher();
childrenWatcher->moveToThread(childrenWatcherThread);
// These three signals carry the "outcome" of the worker job.
connect(childrenWatcher, ChildrenWatcher::exited,
ChildProcesses::onChildExited);
connect(childrenWatcher, ChildrenWatcher::signalled,
ChildProcesses::onChildSignalled);
connect(childrenWatcher, ChildrenWatcher::stateChanged,
ChildProcesses::onChildStateChanged);
// Make the watcher watch when the thread starts:
connect(childrenWatcherThread, QThread::started,
childrenWatcher, ChildrenWatcher::watch);
// Make the watcher set its 'stop' flag when we're done.
// This is performed while the watch() method is still running,
// so we need to execute it concurrently from this thread,
// hence the Qt::DirectConnection. The stop() method is thread-safe
// (uses a mutex to set the flag).
connect(this, ChildProcesses::stopped,
childrenWatcher, ChildrenWatcher::stop, Qt::DirectConnection);
// Make the thread quit when the watcher self-destructs:
connect(childrenWatcher, ChildrenWatcher::destroyed,
childrenWatcherThread, QThread::quit);
// Make the thread self-destruct when it finishes,
// or rather, make the main thread delete it:
connect(childrenWatcherThread, QThread::finished,
childrenWatcherThread, QThread::deleteLater);
childrenWatcherThread->start();
}
答案 3 :(得分:2)
继承qthread类仍然会在原始线程中运行代码。我想在已经使用GUI线程(主线程)的应用程序中运行一个udp监听器,而我的udp监听器工作正常,我的GUI被冻结,因为它被子类化的qthread事件处理程序阻止。我认为g19fanatic发布的内容是正确的,但您还需要工作线程才能成功地将对象迁移到新线程。我找到了this帖子,详细描述了QT中线程的Do和Dont。
在您决定继承QThread之前必须阅读!
答案 4 :(得分:0)
我在Qt5
中的最佳实践线程模型版本很简单:
worker.h
:
/*
* This is a simple, safe and best-practice way to demonstrate how to use threads in Qt5.
* Copyright (C) 2019 Iman Ahmadvand
*
* This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*/
#ifndef _WORKER_H
#define _WORKER_H
#include <QtCore/qobject.h>
#include <QtCore/qbytearray.h>
#include <QtCore/qthread.h>
#include <QtGui/qevent.h>
namespace concurrent {
class EventPrivate;
class Event : public QEvent {
public:
enum {
EventType1 = User + 1
};
explicit Event(QEvent::Type);
Event(QEvent::Type, const QByteArray&);
void setData(const QByteArray&);
QByteArray data() const;
protected:
EventPrivate* d;
};
class WorkerPrivate;
/* A worker class to manage one-call and permanent tasks using QThread object */
class Worker : public QObject {
Q_OBJECT
public:
Worker(QThread*);
~Worker();
protected slots:
virtual void init();
protected:
bool event(QEvent*) override;
protected:
WorkerPrivate* d;
signals:
/* this signals is used for one call type worker */
void finished(bool success);
};
} // namespace concurrent
#endif // !_WORKER_H
worker.cpp
:
/*
* This is a simple, safe and best-practice way to demonstrate how to use threads in Qt5.
* Copyright (C) 2019 Iman Ahmadvand
*
* This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*/
#include "worker.h"
using namespace concurrent;
class concurrent::EventPrivate {
public:
QByteArray data;
};
Event::Event(QEvent::Type t):QEvent(t), d(new EventPrivate) {
setAccepted(false);
}
Event::Event(QEvent::Type t, const QByteArray& __data) : Event(t) {
setData(__data);
}
void Event::setData(const QByteArray& __data) {
d->data = __data;
}
QByteArray Event::data() const {
return d->data;
}
class concurrent::WorkerPrivate {
public:
WorkerPrivate() {
}
};
Worker::Worker(QThread* __thread) :QObject(nullptr), d(new WorkerPrivate) {
moveToThread(__thread);
QObject::connect(__thread, &QThread::started, this, &Worker::init);
QObject::connect(this, &Worker::finished, __thread, &QThread::quit);
QObject::connect(__thread, &QThread::finished, __thread, &QThread::deleteLater);
QObject::connect(__thread, &QThread::finished, this, &Worker::deleteLater);
}
Worker::~Worker() {
/* do clean up if needed */
}
void Worker::init() {
/* this will called once for construction and initializing purpose */
}
bool Worker::event(QEvent* e) {
/* event handler */
if (e->type() == Event::EventType1) {
/* do some work with event's data and emit signals if needed */
auto ev = static_cast<Event*>(e);
ev->accept();
}
return QObject::event(e);
}
usage.cpp
:
#include <QtCore/qcoreapplication.h>
#include "worker.h"
using namespace concurrent;
Worker* create(bool start) {
auto worker = new Worker(new QThread);
if (start)
worker->thread()->start();
return worker;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);
auto worker = create(true);
if (worker->thread()->isRunning()) {
auto ev = new Event(static_cast<QEvent::Type>(Event::EventType1));
qApp->postEvent(worker, ev, Qt::HighEventPriority);
}
return app.exec();
}