Selenium Webdriver findelement i sendKeys（）的行为不符合预期

Question

我正在尝试使用selenium webdriver中的xpath和name值来识别Firefox中的元素，但它无效。 This is link to the web page which I want to automate。这个页面上的所有输入字段对我来说都很奇怪，我不明白如何填充它们。

driver.findElement(By.name("sender-postCode")).sendKeys("02791");
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='stepOneForm']/div[2]/div[4]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/input")).sendKeys("02791");

这是我的代码：

package SalesBar;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxProfile;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.internal.ProfilesIni;
public class Salesbar {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:/Users/User/Documents/SeleniumWebDriver/geckodriver.exe");
    ProfilesIni profil = new ProfilesIni();
    FirefoxProfile myprofile = profil.getProfile("default");

    WebDriver driver;
    driver = new FirefoxDriver(myprofile);

    driver.get("https://wwwuat.dpdpickup.pl/Wycen-i-nadaj-Online");
    driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='contentWrapper']/div/div/div[2]/div[1]/a")).click();
    Thread.sleep(3000);
    driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='stepOneForm']/div[2]/div[3]/span[2]/label/span")).click();
    Thread.sleep(3000);
    driver.findElement(By.name("parcels-1-weight")).sendKeys("5");
    }

如果WebDriver中有标准方法可以找到并填写这些字段，请告诉我。

Answer 1

所有测试自动化工具的一个问题是，在执行自动化工具时，页面可能尚未完成加载DOM。可以采用各种级别的复杂性来使其100％可靠。第一道防线是使用ExpectedConditions。所以对于你的第一个例子，

WebDriver webDrive = ... // You have to initialize to a browser instance and navigate to your web page
By bySenderPostCode = By.name("sender-postCode");
Wait<WebDriver> wait_element = new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 40); // Wait up to 40 seconds
WebElement senderPostalCodeElement = wait_element.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(bySenderPostCode));
senderPostalCodeElement.sendKeys("02791");

包含大量执行JavaScript的复杂页面可能很痛苦。我使用我编写的例程来等待angularJs完成执行，等待加载微调器完成，最后使页面readyState等于完成：

waitForAngularToLoad(webDriver, 40);
wait_element.until((WebDriver dr1) -> (webDriver.findElement(mySpinner).getAttribute("class").contains("ng-hide")));
waitForBrowserReadystateComplete(webDriver);

这些必须针对您必须操作的环境进行调整。等待jQuery完成与等待AngularJs不同。但是我给你的东西应该让你去。让我知道结果如何。

修改

我意识到告诉你我用来等待但不共享代码的例程毫无意义。加载微调器完全取决于实现。没有一种方法可以保证在任何地方都可以使用，但是我给了你一般形式，这是AngularJs实现的常见形式。

以下是其他人：

public void waitForBrowserReadystateComplete(WebDriver webDriver) {
    for (int a=0; a<20; a++) {
        JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) webDriver;
        if (javascriptExecutor.executeScript("return document.readyState")
                .toString().equals("complete")) {
            break;
        }
        sleepResponsibly(500);
    }
}

public void sleepResponsibly(int timeMillisecond){
    try{
        Thread.sleep(timeMillisecond);
    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 
        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
    }
}

public boolean waitForAngularToLoad(WebDriver driver, int timeout) {
    driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, 500L);
    return wait.until(angularHasFinishedProcessing());
}


public static ExpectedCondition<Boolean> angularHasFinishedProcessing() {
    return new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public Boolean apply(WebDriver driver) {
            String hasAngularFinishedScript = "var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];\n" +
                    "var el = document.querySelector('html');\n" +
                    "if (!window.angular) {\n" +
                    "    callback('false')\n" +
                    "}\n" +
                    "if (angular.getTestability) {\n" +
                    "    angular.getTestability(el).whenStable(function(){callback('true')});\n" +
                    "} else {\n" +
                    "    if (!angular.element(el).injector()) {\n" +
                    "        callback('false')\n" +
                    "    }\n" +
                    "    var browser = angular.element(el).injector().get('$browser');\n" +
                    "    browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(function(){callback('true')});\n" +
                    "}";

            JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
            String isProcessingFinished = javascriptExecutor.executeAsyncScript(hasAngularFinishedScript).toString();

            return Boolean.valueOf(isProcessingFinished);
        }
    };
}

请记住，只有在使用AngularJs构建系统测试时，角度才有效。

编辑2 查找元素

我使用谷歌浏览器浏览器来“查找”元素。在chrome下打开您的网页。右键单击显示的元素。选择Inspect - ＆gt;复制 - ＆gt;复制选择器|复制Xpath。您也可以在Firefox下执行此操作。 Chrome只是习惯的力量。

<强> EDIT3

的jQuery

public boolean waitForJquery(WebDriver driver, int timeout) {
    return waitFor(driver, "return jQuery.active;", "0", timeout);
}

public boolean waitFor(WebDriver driver, final String javascriptString, final String targetString, int timeout) {
  WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, 500L);

  /*
   * If you are curious about what follows see:
\  *    http://selenium.googlecode.com/git/docs/api/java/org/openqa/selenium/support/ui/ExpectedCondition.html
   * 
   * We are creating an anonymous class that inherits from ExpectedCondition and then implements interface
   * method apply(...)
   */
   ExpectedCondition<Boolean> isLoaded = new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {

      public Boolean apply(WebDriver driver) {
        String jsReturnedValue = "";

        try {
            jsReturnedValue = String.valueOf(((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript(javascriptString));
            return (jsReturnedValue.equals(targetString));
        } catch (Exception e) {
          log.info("Looking for: " + javascriptString + ", e.message: " + e.getMessage());
          return true;  // If Javascript not found then don't wait for it
        }
      }
    }; // Terminates statement started by ExpectedCondition<Boolean> isLoaded = ...

  return wait.until(isLoaded);
}

只是为了解决这个问题，Ajax

public boolean waitForPrototypeAjax(WebDriver driver, int timeout) {
    return waitFor(driver, "return Ajax.activeRequestCount;", "0", timeout);
}