Question

我正在教自己一些基本的抓取工作，我发现有时我输入到代码中的网址会返回404，这会使我的所有其余代码变得粗糙。

所以我需要在代码顶部进行测试，以检查URL是否返回404。

这似乎是一项非常直接的任务，但谷歌没有给我任何答案。我担心我在寻找错误的东西。

一个博客建议我使用它：

$valid = @fsockopen($url, 80, $errno, $errstr, 30);

然后测试以查看$ valid是否为空。

但我认为给我带来问题的网址有重定向，所以$ valid对所有值都是空的。或许我做错了其他事。

我也查了一个“头部请求”，但我还没有找到任何我可以玩或尝试的实际代码示例。

连连呢？什么是关于卷曲？

Answer 1

如果您使用的是PHP curl bindings，则可以使用curl_getinfo检查错误代码：

$handle = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($handle,  CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);

/* Get the HTML or whatever is linked in $url. */
$response = curl_exec($handle);

/* Check for 404 (file not found). */
$httpCode = curl_getinfo($handle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if($httpCode == 404) {
    /* Handle 404 here. */
}

curl_close($handle);

/* Handle $response here. */

Answer 2

如果你正在运行php5，你可以使用：

$url = 'http://www.example.com';
print_r(get_headers($url, 1));

或者使用php4，用户提供了以下内容：

/**
This is a modified version of code from "stuart at sixletterwords dot com", at 14-Sep-2005 04:52. This version tries to emulate get_headers() function at PHP4. I think it works fairly well, and is simple. It is not the best emulation available, but it works.

Features:
- supports (and requires) full URLs.
- supports changing of default port in URL.
- stops downloading from socket as soon as end-of-headers is detected.

Limitations:
- only gets the root URL (see line with "GET / HTTP/1.1").
- don't support HTTPS (nor the default HTTPS port).
*/

if(!function_exists('get_headers'))
{
    function get_headers($url,$format=0)
    {
        $url=parse_url($url);
        $end = "\r\n\r\n";
        $fp = fsockopen($url['host'], (empty($url['port'])?80:$url['port']), $errno, $errstr, 30);
        if ($fp)
        {
            $out  = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
            $out .= "Host: ".$url['host']."\r\n";
            $out .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";
            $var  = '';
            fwrite($fp, $out);
            while (!feof($fp))
            {
                $var.=fgets($fp, 1280);
                if(strpos($var,$end))
                    break;
            }
            fclose($fp);

            $var=preg_replace("/\r\n\r\n.*\$/",'',$var);
            $var=explode("\r\n",$var);
            if($format)
            {
                foreach($var as $i)
                {
                    if(preg_match('/^([a-zA-Z -]+): +(.*)$/',$i,$parts))
                        $v[$parts[1]]=$parts[2];
                }
                return $v;
            }
            else
                return $var;
        }
    }
}

两者的结果都类似于：

Array
(
    [0] => HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    [Date] => Sat, 29 May 2004 12:28:14 GMT
    [Server] => Apache/1.3.27 (Unix)  (Red-Hat/Linux)
    [Last-Modified] => Wed, 08 Jan 2003 23:11:55 GMT
    [ETag] => "3f80f-1b6-3e1cb03b"
    [Accept-Ranges] => bytes
    [Content-Length] => 438
    [Connection] => close
    [Content-Type] => text/html
)

因此，您可以检查标题响应是否正常，例如：

$headers = get_headers($url, 1);
if ($headers[0] == 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK') {
//valid 
}

if ($headers[0] == 'HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently') {
//moved or redirect page
}

W3C Codes and Definitions

Answer 3

使用strager的代码，您还可以检查CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE以获取其他代码。有些网站不报告404，而是简单地重定向到自定义404页面并返回302（重定向）或类似的东西。我用它来检查服务器上是否存在实际文件（例如robots.txt）。显然，这种文件如果存在则不会导致重定向，但如果不存在，则会重定向到404页面，如前所述，可能没有404代码。

function is_404($url) {
    $handle = curl_init($url);
    curl_setopt($handle,  CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);

    /* Get the HTML or whatever is linked in $url. */
    $response = curl_exec($handle);

    /* Check for 404 (file not found). */
    $httpCode = curl_getinfo($handle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
    curl_close($handle);

    /* If the document has loaded successfully without any redirection or error */
    if ($httpCode >= 200 && $httpCode < 300) {
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

Answer 4

正如strager建议的那样，请考虑使用cURL。您可能还有兴趣使用curl_setopt设置CURLOPT_NOBODY以跳过下载整个页面（您只需要标题）。

Answer 5

如果您正在寻找一个最简单的解决方案，那么您可以尝试一次性使用php5

file_get_contents('www.yoursite.com');
//and check by echoing
echo $http_response_header[0];

Answer 6

我找到了这个答案here：

if(($twitter_XML_raw=file_get_contents($timeline))==false){
    // Retrieve HTTP status code
    list($version,$status_code,$msg) = explode(' ',$http_response_header[0], 3);

    // Check the HTTP Status code
    switch($status_code) {
        case 200:
                $error_status="200: Success";
                break;
        case 401:
                $error_status="401: Login failure.  Try logging out and back in.  Password are ONLY used when posting.";
                break;
        case 400:
                $error_status="400: Invalid request.  You may have exceeded your rate limit.";
                break;
        case 404:
                $error_status="404: Not found.  This shouldn't happen.  Please let me know what happened using the feedback link above.";
                break;
        case 500:
                $error_status="500: Twitter servers replied with an error. Hopefully they'll be OK soon!";
                break;
        case 502:
                $error_status="502: Twitter servers may be down or being upgraded. Hopefully they'll be OK soon!";
                break;
        case 503:
                $error_status="503: Twitter service unavailable. Hopefully they'll be OK soon!";
                break;
        default:
                $error_status="Undocumented error: " . $status_code;
                break;
    }

基本上，您使用“file get contents”方法来检索URL，该URL会自动使用状态代码填充http响应标头变量。

Answer 7

附录;考虑到性能测试了这3种方法。

结果，至少在我的测试环境中：

卷曲胜利

此测试是在考虑仅需要标题（noBody）的情况下完成的。测试你自己：

$url = "http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinocchio";

$start_time = microtime(TRUE);
$headers = get_headers($url);
echo $headers[0]."<br>";
$end_time = microtime(TRUE);
echo $end_time - $start_time."<br>";


$start_time = microtime(TRUE);
$response = file_get_contents($url);
echo $http_response_header[0]."<br>";
$end_time = microtime(TRUE);
echo $end_time - $start_time."<br>";

$start_time = microtime(TRUE);
$handle = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($handle,  CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 1); // and *only* get the header 
/* Get the HTML or whatever is linked in $url. */
$response = curl_exec($handle);
/* Check for 404 (file not found). */
$httpCode = curl_getinfo($handle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
// if($httpCode == 404) {
    // /* Handle 404 here. */
// }
echo $httpCode."<br>";
curl_close($handle);
$end_time = microtime(TRUE);
echo $end_time - $start_time."<br>";

Answer 8

作为对公认的答案的另一个暗示：

当使用建议解决方案的变体时，由于php设置'max_execution_time'，我收到了错误。所以我做的是以下内容：

set_time_limit(120);
$curl = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);
$result = curl_exec($curl);
set_time_limit(ini_get('max_execution_time'));
curl_close($curl);

首先我将时间限制设置为更高的秒数，最后我将其设置回php设置中定义的值。

Answer 9

如果网址没有返回200 OK

，这将为您提供

function check_404($url) {
   $headers=get_headers($url, 1);
   if ($headers[0]!='HTTP/1.1 200 OK') return true; else return false;
}

Answer 10

此函数返回PHP 7中URL的状态代码：

/**
 * @param string $url
 * @return int
 */
function getHttpResponseCode(string $url): int
{
    $headers = get_headers($url);
    return substr($headers[0], 9, 3);
}

示例：

echo getHttpResponseCode('https://www.google.com');
//displays: 200

Answer 11

您也可以使用此代码查看任何链接的状态：

<?php

function get_url_status($url, $timeout = 10) 
{
$ch = curl_init();
// set cURL options
$opts = array(CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true, // do not output to browser
            CURLOPT_URL => $url,            // set URL
            CURLOPT_NOBODY => true,         // do a HEAD request only
            CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => $timeout);   // set timeout
curl_setopt_array($ch, $opts);
curl_exec($ch); // do it!
$status = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE); // find HTTP status
curl_close($ch); // close handle
echo $status; //or return $status;
    //example checking
    if ($status == '302') { echo 'HEY, redirection';}
}

get_url_status('http://yourpage.comm');
?>

Answer 12

这是一个简短的解决方案。

$handle = curl_init($uri);
curl_setopt($handle,  CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);
curl_setopt($handle,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array ("Accept: application/rdf+xml"));
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);
curl_exec($handle);
$httpCode = curl_getinfo($handle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if($httpCode == 200||$httpCode == 303) 
{
    echo "you might get a reply";
}
curl_close($handle);

在您的情况下，您可以将application/rdf+xml更改为您使用的任何内容。

Answer 13

<?php

$url= 'www.something.com';
$ch = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);   
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);    
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US; rv:1.9.0.3) Gecko/2008092417 Firefox/3.0.4");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,10);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
$output = curl_exec($ch);
$httpcode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
curl_close($ch);


echo $httpcode;
?>

Answer 14

这只是代码片段，希望对你有用

            $ch = @curl_init();
            @curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com');
            @curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.1) Gecko/20061204 Firefox/2.0.0.1");
            @curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
            @curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
            @curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);

            $response       = @curl_exec($ch);
            $errno          = @curl_errno($ch);
            $error          = @curl_error($ch);

                    $response = $response;
                    $info = @curl_getinfo($ch);
return $info['http_code'];

Answer 15

要捕获所有错误：4XX和5XX，我使用这个小脚本：

function URLIsValid($URL){
    $headers = @get_headers($URL);
    preg_match("/ [45][0-9]{2} /", (string)$headers[0] , $match);
    return count($match) === 0;
}

Answer 16

这是一种方法！

<?php

$url = "http://www.google.com";

if(@file_get_contents($url)){
echo "Url Exists!";
} else {
echo "Url Doesn't Exist!";
}

?>

这个简单的脚本只是向URL请求其源代码。如果请求成功完成，它将输出“ URL Exists！”。如果没有，它将输出“ URL不存在！”。

在PHP中测试404的URL的简便方法？

16 个答案: