如何取消引用'从lambda创建表达式树时?

时间:2016-11-25 17:47:11

标签: c# linq lambda f# expression-trees

假设我有一些函数c返回Expression

Func<int, Expression<Func<int>>> c = (int a) => () => a + 3;

现在我想创建另一个Expression,但在创建过程中,我想调用函数c并将其结果作为新表达式的一部分嵌入:

Expression<Func<int>> d = () => 2 + c(3);

我无法这样做,因为它会将c(3)解释为函数调用转换为表达式,并且我会收到错误,我无法添加int和{ {1}}

我希望Expression<Func<int>>的值为:

d

我也有兴趣让这个更复杂的表达式,而不仅仅是这个玩具的例子。

你会怎样在C#中做到?

或者,您如何使用我可以在我的C#项目中使用的任何其他CLR语言尽可能轻松地进行操作?

更复杂的例子:

(Expression<Func<int>>)( () => 2 + 3 + 3 )

Func<int, Expression<Func<int>>> c = (int a) => () => a*(a + 3); Expression<Func<int, int>> d = (x) => 2 + c(3 + x); 只应在结果表达式中进行一次评估,即使它出现在两个地方3+x的正文中。

我强烈感觉它无法在C#中实现,因为将lambda分配给c是由编译器完成的,并且是编译时Expression表达式文字。它类似于使编译器理解普通字符串文字const理解模板字符串文字"test"而C#编译器还没有处于开发的这个阶段。

所以我的主要问题实际上是:

什么CLR语言支持语法,可以方便地构建嵌入由其他函数构建的部分的表达式树?

其他可能性是一些库可以帮助我使用某种运行时编译的模板以这种方式构建表达式树,但我猜测这样我的表达式代码会松开代码。< / p>

F#似乎有能力引用&#39;和&#39; unquote&#39; (拼接)代码:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/articles/fsharp/language-reference/code-quotations

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

对于您的两个示例,实际上可以使用两个表达式访问者(代码已注释)来完成:

static class Extensions {
    public static TResult FakeInvoke<TResult>(this Delegate instance, params object[] parameters)
    {
        // this is not intended to be called directly
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    public static TExpression Unwrap<TExpression>(this TExpression exp) where TExpression : Expression {
        return (TExpression) new FakeInvokeVisitor().Visit(exp);
    }

    class FakeInvokeVisitor : ExpressionVisitor {
        protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node) {
            // replace FakeInvoke call
            if (node.Method.Name == "FakeInvoke") {
                // first obtain reference to method being called (so, for c.FakeInvoke(...) that will be "c")
                var func = (Delegate)Expression.Lambda(node.Arguments[0]).Compile().DynamicInvoke();
                // explore method argument names and types
                var argumentNames = new List<string>();
                var dummyArguments = new List<object>();
                foreach (var arg in func.Method.GetParameters()) {
                    argumentNames.Add(arg.Name);
                    // create default value for each argument
                    dummyArguments.Add(arg.ParameterType.IsValueType ? Activator.CreateInstance(arg.ParameterType) : null);
                }
                // now, invoke function with default arguments to obtain expression (for example, this one () => a*(a + 3)).
                // all arguments will have default value (0 in this case), but they are not literal "0" but a reference to "a" member with value 0
                var exp = (Expression) func.DynamicInvoke(dummyArguments.ToArray());
                // this is expressions representing what we passed to FakeInvoke (for example expression (x + 3))
                var argumentExpressions = (NewArrayExpression)node.Arguments[1];
                // now invoke second visitor
                exp = new InnerFakeInvokeVisitor(argumentExpressions, argumentNames.ToArray()).Visit(exp);
                return ((LambdaExpression)exp).Body;
            }
            return base.VisitMethodCall(node);
        }
    }

    class InnerFakeInvokeVisitor : ExpressionVisitor {
        private readonly NewArrayExpression _args;
        private readonly string[] _argumentNames;
        public InnerFakeInvokeVisitor(NewArrayExpression args, string[] argumentNames) {
            _args =  args;
            _argumentNames = argumentNames;
        }
        protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node) {
            // if that is a reference to one of our arguments (for example, reference to "a")
            if (_argumentNames.Contains(node.Member.Name)) {
                // find related expression
                var idx = Array.IndexOf(_argumentNames, node.Member.Name);
                var argument = _args.Expressions[idx];
                var unary = argument as UnaryExpression;
                // and replace it. So "a" is replaced with expression "x + 3"
                return unary?.Operand ?? argument;
            }
            return base.VisitMember(node);
        }
    }
}

可以像这样使用:

Func<int, Expression<Func<int>>> c = (int a) => () => a * (a + 3);
Expression<Func<int, int>> d = (x) => 2 + c.FakeInvoke<int>(3 + x);
d = d.Unwrap(); // this is now "x => (2 + ((3 + x) * ((3 + x) + 3)))"

简单案例:

Func<int, Expression<Func<int>>> c = (int a) => () => a + 3;
Expression<Func<int>> d = () => 2 + c.FakeInvoke<int>(3);
d = d.Unwrap(); // this is now "() => 2 + (3 + 3)

有多个参数:

Func<int, int, Expression<Func<int>>> c = (int a, int b) => () => a * (a + 3) + b;
Expression<Func<int, int>> d = (x) => 2 + c.FakeInvoke<int>(3 + x, x + 5);
d = d.Unwrap(); // "x => (2 + (((3 + x) * ((3 + x) + 3)) + (x + 5)))"

请注意,FakeInvoke不是类型安全的(您应该显式设置返回类型和参数,而不是检查)。但这仅仅是例如,在实际使用中你可以创建很多FakeInvoke的重载,如下所示:

public static TResult FakeInvoke<TArg, TResult>(this Func<TArg, Expression<Func<TResult>>> instance, TArg argument) {
        // this is not intended to be called directly
    throw new NotImplementedException();
}

上面的代码应该被修改一下以正确处理这样的调用(因为参数现在不在单个NewArrayExpression中),但这很容易做到。有了这样的重载,你可以这样做:

Expression<Func<int, int>> d = (x) => 2 + c.FakeInvoke(3 + x); // this is type-safe now, you cannot pass non-integer as "3+x", nor you can pass more or less arguments than required.

答案 1 :(得分:0)

从lambdas返回表达式的情况非常困难,因为那些表达式实际上是包含非公共(System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Closure?)对象的闭包,其中包含lambda关闭的值。所有这些都很难用Expression树中的实际参数准确地替换形式参数。

Evk response启发,我找到了比较简单的案例的优雅解决方案:

Expression<Func<int, int>> c = (int a) => a * (a + 3);
var d = Extensions.Splice<Func<int, int>>((x) => 2 + c.Embed(3 + x));

// d is now x => (2 + ((3 + x) * ((3 + x) + 3))) expression
public static class Extensions
{
    public static T Embed<T>(this Expression<Func<T>> exp) { throw new Exception("Should not be executed"); }
    public static T Embed<A, T>(this Expression<Func<A, T>> exp, A a) { throw new Exception("Should not be executed"); }
    public static T Embed<A, B, T>(this Expression<Func<A, B, T>> exp, A a, B b) { throw new Exception("Should not be executed"); }
    public static T Embed<A, B, C, T>(this Expression<Func<A, B, C, T>> exp, A a, B b, C c) { throw new Exception("Should not be executed"); }
    public static T Embed<A, B, C, D, T>(this Expression<Func<A, B, C, D, T>> exp, A a, B b, C c) { throw new Exception("Should not be executed"); }

    public static Expression<T> Splice<T>(Expression<T> exp)
    {
        return new SplicingVisitor().Visit(exp) as Expression<T>;
    }
    class SplicingVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
    {
        protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
        {
            if (node.Method.Name == "Embed")
            {
                var mem = node.Arguments[0] as MemberExpression;

                var getterLambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<object>>(mem, new ParameterExpression[0]);
                var lam = getterLambda.Compile().DynamicInvoke() as LambdaExpression;

                var parameterMapping = lam.Parameters.Select((p, index) => new
                {
                    FormalParameter = p,
                    ActualParameter = node.Arguments[index+1]
                }).ToDictionary(o => o.FormalParameter, o => o.ActualParameter);

                return new ParameterReplacerVisitor(parameterMapping).Visit(lam.Body);
            }
            return base.VisitMethodCall(node);
        }
    }
    public class ParameterReplacerVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
    {
        private Dictionary<ParameterExpression, Expression> parameterMapping;
        public ParameterReplacerVisitor(Dictionary<ParameterExpression, Expression> parameterMapping)
        {
            this.parameterMapping = parameterMapping;
        }

        protected override Expression VisitParameter(ParameterExpression node)
        {
            if(parameterMapping.ContainsKey(node))
            {
                return parameterMapping[node];
            }
            return base.VisitParameter(node);
        }
    }
}

答案 2 :(得分:-1)

使用LinqKit,通过在第一个实体类型上调用AsExpandable()来简单地使用它的可扩展查询包装器。这个可扩展的包装器完成了组合表达式所需的工作,使它们与EF兼容。

它的用法示例如下(Person是EF Code First实体) -

var ctx = new Test();

Expression<Func<Person, bool>> ageFilter = p => p.Age < 30;

var filtered = ctx.People.AsExpandable()
    .Where(p => ageFilter.Invoke(p) && p.Name.StartsWith("J"));
Console.WriteLine( $"{filtered.Count()} people meet the criteria." );