为什么不使用以下bash代码?
for i in $( echo "emmbbmmaaddsb" | split -t "mm" )
do
echo "$i"
done
预期产出:
e
bb
aaddsb
答案 0 :(得分:7)
由于您需要换行符,因此您只需使用换行符替换字符串中mm
的所有实例即可。纯粹的原生bash:
in='emmbbmmaaddsb'
sep='mm'
printf '%s\n' "${in//$sep/$'\n'}"
如果你想在更长的输入流上做这样的替换,你可能最好使用awk
,因为bash的内置字符串操作不能很好地扩展到超过几千字节的内容。 BashFAQ #21中提供的gsub_literal
shell函数(后跟awk
)适用:
# Taken from http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/021
# usage: gsub_literal STR REP
# replaces all instances of STR with REP. reads from stdin and writes to stdout.
gsub_literal() {
# STR cannot be empty
[[ $1 ]] || return
# string manip needed to escape '\'s, so awk doesn't expand '\n' and such
awk -v str="${1//\\/\\\\}" -v rep="${2//\\/\\\\}" '
# get the length of the search string
BEGIN {
len = length(str);
}
{
# empty the output string
out = "";
# continue looping while the search string is in the line
while (i = index($0, str)) {
# append everything up to the search string, and the replacement string
out = out substr($0, 1, i-1) rep;
# remove everything up to and including the first instance of the
# search string from the line
$0 = substr($0, i + len);
}
# append whatever is left
out = out $0;
print out;
}
'
}
...在这种情况下,用作:
gsub_literal "mm" $'\n' <your-input-file.txt >your-output-file.txt
答案 1 :(得分:4)
下面给出了一个更一般的例子,没有用单个字符分隔符替换多字符分隔符:
使用参数扩展:(来自@gniourf_gniourf的评论)
#!/bin/bash
str="LearnABCtoABCSplitABCaABCString"
delimiter=ABC
s=$str$delimiter
array=();
while [[ $s ]]; do
array+=( "${s%%"$delimiter"*}" );
s=${s#*"$delimiter"};
done;
declare -p array
更粗暴的方式
#!/bin/bash
# main string
str="LearnABCtoABCSplitABCaABCString"
# delimiter string
delimiter="ABC"
#length of main string
strLen=${#str}
#length of delimiter string
dLen=${#delimiter}
#iterator for length of string
i=0
#length tracker for ongoing substring
wordLen=0
#starting position for ongoing substring
strP=0
array=()
while [ $i -lt $strLen ]; do
if [ $delimiter == ${str:$i:$dLen} ]; then
array+=(${str:strP:$wordLen})
strP=$(( i + dLen ))
wordLen=0
i=$(( i + dLen ))
fi
i=$(( i + 1 ))
wordLen=$(( wordLen + 1 ))
done
array+=(${str:strP:$wordLen})
declare -p array
参考 - Bash Tutorial - Bash Split String
答案 2 :(得分:3)
对于一个正则表达式或全局sed
,推荐的字符替换工具是s/regexp/replacement/
命令s/regexp/replacement/g
,您甚至不需要循环或变量。
管道您的echo
输出并尝试使用换行符mm
替换字符\n
:
echo "emmbbmmaaddsb" | sed 's/mm/\n/g'
输出结果为:
e
bb
aaddsb
答案 3 :(得分:2)
使用 awk ,您可以使用 gsub 替换所有正则表达式匹配项。
与您的问题相同,要将两个或多个'm'字符的所有子字符串替换为新行,请运行:
echo "emmbbmmaaddsb" | awk '{ gsub(/mm+/, "\n" ); print; }'
e
bb
aaddsb
gsub()中的“ g”代表“全局”,这意味着到处替换。
您可能还要求仅打印N个匹配项,例如:
echo "emmbbmmaaddsb" | awk '{ gsub(/mm+/, " " ); print $2; }'
bb