import pygame,sys
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption("Magnifying Glasses")
size = (425,550)
lightcyan = (191,255,255)
black = (0,0,0)
blue = (0,0,255)
cyan = (127,255,255)
lightblue = (95,127,255)
titlefont = pygame.font.SysFont("Calibri",36)
subtitlefont = pygame.font.SysFont("Calibri",24)
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Calibri",12)
def main():
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
fadein = pygame.Surface(size)
fadein.set_alpha(255)
screen_Rect = screen.get_rect()
spacing = 18
title_Text = titlefont.render("NOW I SEE",1,black,lightcyan)
title_TextRect = title_Text.get_rect(center = screen_Rect.center)
title_TextRect.center = (title_TextRect.center)
title_TextRect.top = 24
underline = pygame.Surface((title_TextRect[2],2))
fadein_Alpha = 255
page = 4
navigation_Y = title_TextRect.bottom + spacing
button_Length = (size[0] - spacing - spacing) / 4
button_Width = button_Length / 4
button_Color = lightcyan
button_LineColor = black
LEFT = 1
home_Rect = pygame.Rect(spacing,navigation_Y,button_Length,button_Width)
background_Rect = pygame.Rect(home_Rect.right,navigation_Y,button_Length,button_Width)
refraction_Rect = pygame.Rect(background_Rect.right,navigation_Y,button_Length,button_Width)
interact_Rect = pygame.Rect(refraction_Rect.right,navigation_Y,button_Length,button_Width)
home_Text = font.render("Home",1,button_LineColor)
background_Text = font.render("Background",1,button_LineColor)
refraction_Text = font.render("Refraction",1,button_LineColor)
interact_Text = font.render("Interact",1,button_LineColor)
home_TextRect = home_Text.get_rect(center = home_Rect.center)
background_TextRect = background_Text.get_rect(center = background_Rect.center)
refraction_TextRect = refraction_Text.get_rect(center = refraction_Rect.center)
interact_TextRect = interact_Text.get_rect(center = interact_Rect.center)
def home():
global font
line1 = font.render(" Have you ever looked at something small under a magnifying glass (for",1,black)
line2 = font.render("example, bugs, small writing). The object (or objects) you are looking at",1,black)
line3 = font.render("appear much larger than they actually are. This is because a magnifying glass",1,black)
line4 = font.render("is composed of a lens. Lenses are curved pieces of glass that change the",1,black)
line5 = font.render("appearance of objects when you look through them. Lenses come in two",1,black)
line6 = font.render("varieties:",1,black)
rect1 = line1.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,home_Rect.bottom + spacing))
rect2 = line2.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect1.bottom))
rect3 = line3.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect2.bottom))
rect4 = line4.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect3.bottom))
rect5 = line5.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect4.bottom))
rect6 = line6.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect5.bottom))
magnifyingglass = pygame.image.load("Magnifying Glass.png")
magnifyingglass_Rect = magnifyingglass.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect6.bottom + spacing))
convex = font.render("Convex: ",1,black)
convex_Desc = font.render("(left)",1,black)
convex_Rect = convex.get_rect(topleft = (magnifyingglass_Rect.right + spacing,rect6.bottom + spacing))
convex_DescRect = convex_Desc.get_rect(topleft = (magnifyingglass_Rect.right + spacing,convex_Rect.bottom))
line7 = font.render("Convex lenses are lenses that",1,black)
line8 = font.render("are thickest near the centre.",1,black)
line9 = font.render("When light enters this lens",1,black)
line10 = font.render("it converges, then diverges.",1,black)
line11 = font.render("The characteristics of the",1,black)
line12 = font.render("image may vary.",1,black)
rect7 = line7.get_rect(topleft = (convex_Rect.right,rect6.bottom + spacing))
rect8 = line8.get_rect(topleft = (convex_Rect.right,rect7.bottom))
rect9 = line9.get_rect(topleft = (convex_Rect.right,rect8.bottom))
rect10 = line10.get_rect(topleft = (convex_Rect.right,rect9.bottom))
rect11 = line11.get_rect(topleft = (convex_Rect.right,rect10.bottom))
rect12 = line12.get_rect(topleft = (convex_Rect.right,rect11.bottom))
concave = font.render("Concave: ",1,black)
concave_Desc = font.render("(right)",1,black)
concave_Rect = concave.get_rect(topleft = (magnifyingglass_Rect.right + spacing,rect12.bottom + spacing))
concave_DescRect = concave_Desc.get_rect(topleft = (magnifyingglass_Rect.right + spacing,concave_Rect.bottom))
line13 = font.render("Concave lenses are lenses",1,black)
line14 = font.render("that are thinnest near the",1,black)
line15 = font.render("centre. When light enters",1,black)
line16 = font.render("this lens, it diverges. The",1,black)
line17 = font.render("image is always upright and",1,black)
line18 = font.render("smaller than the object.",1,black)
rect13 = line13.get_rect(topleft = (concave_Rect.right,rect12.bottom + spacing))
rect14 = line14.get_rect(topleft = (concave_Rect.right,rect13.bottom))
rect15 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (concave_Rect.right,rect14.bottom))
rect16 = line16.get_rect(topleft = (concave_Rect.right,rect15.bottom))
rect17 = line16.get_rect(topleft = (concave_Rect.right,rect16.bottom))
rect18 = line16.get_rect(topleft = (concave_Rect.right,rect17.bottom))
rect7.left = concave_Rect.right
rect8.left = concave_Rect.right
rect9.left = concave_Rect.right
rect10.left = concave_Rect.right
rect11.left = concave_Rect.right
rect12.left = concave_Rect.right
convex_Img = pygame.image.load("Convex.png")
concave_Img = pygame.image.load("Concave.png")
convex_ImgRect = convex_Img.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,magnifyingglass_Rect.bottom + spacing))
concave_ImgRect = concave_Img.get_rect(topright = (size[0] - spacing,magnifyingglass_Rect.bottom + spacing))
screen.blit(line1,rect1)
screen.blit(line2,rect2)
screen.blit(line3,rect3)
screen.blit(line4,rect4)
screen.blit(line5,rect5)
screen.blit(line6,rect6)
screen.blit(magnifyingglass,magnifyingglass_Rect)
screen.blit(convex,convex_Rect)
screen.blit(convex_Desc,convex_DescRect)
screen.blit(line7,rect7)
screen.blit(line8,rect8)
screen.blit(line9,rect9)
screen.blit(line10,rect10)
screen.blit(line11,rect11)
screen.blit(line12,rect12)
screen.blit(concave,concave_Rect)
screen.blit(concave_Desc,concave_DescRect)
screen.blit(line13,rect13)
screen.blit(line14,rect14)
screen.blit(line15,rect15)
screen.blit(line16,rect16)
screen.blit(line17,rect17)
screen.blit(line18,rect18)
screen.blit(convex_Img,convex_ImgRect)
screen.blit(concave_Img,concave_ImgRect)
def background():
global font
line1 = font.render(" Lenses were created from as early as 750 BC in the Middle East (The British",1,black)
line2 = font.render("Museum, n.d.). In 1021, a man named Ibn Al-Haytham published the 'Book of",1,black)
line3 = font.render("Optics', which described the use of a lens to magnify objects (Adam-Carr,",1,black)
line4 = font.render("2010). The magnifying glass was later used in 1250, by English philosopher",1,black)
line5 = font.render("Roger Bacon (Kashner, 2006).",1,black)
rect1 = line1.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,home_Rect.bottom + spacing))
rect2 = line2.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect1.bottom))
rect3 = line3.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect2.bottom))
rect4 = line4.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect3.bottom))
rect5 = line5.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect4.bottom))
line6 = font.render(" Magnifying glasses are capable of provide quick, weak magnification. When",1,black)
line7 = font.render("compared to a microscope or telescope, a magnifying glass is lighter, simpler,",1,black)
line8 = font.render("and easier to use; however, it can only magnify objects already visible to the",1,black)
line9 = font.render("human eye. Another downside to the magnifying glass is its inability to",1,black)
line10 = font.render("magnify objects further/larger than several metres. The use of a telescope is",1,black)
line11 = font.render("more suitable for this role.",1,black)
rect6 = line6.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect5.bottom + spacing))
rect7 = line7.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect6.bottom))
rect8 = line8.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect7.bottom))
rect9 = line9.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect8.bottom))
rect10 = line10.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect9.bottom))
rect11 = line11.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect10.bottom))
line12 = font.render(" Because of these traits, magnifying glasses may be used in fields of science",1,black)
line13 = font.render("such as biology, forensic science, archaeology, and more.",1,black)
rect12 = line12.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect11.bottom + spacing))
rect13 = line13.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect12.bottom))
line14 = font.render("Below are several common terms used to describe a convex lens:",1,black)
line15 = font.render("Optical Centre (O): The point located in the centre of a lens",1,black)
line16 = font.render("Principal Focus (F): The point at which oncoming light rays parallel to the",1,black)
line17 = font.render("principal axis intersect",1,black)
line18 = font.render("Secondary Focus (F'): The point symmetrical to F on the axis of symmetry",1,black)
line19 = font.render("Axis of Symmetry: The line of symmetry drawn through the side view of a lens",1,black)
line20 = font.render("Principal Axis: The line perpendicular to the axis of symmetry, that passes",1,black)
line21 = font.render("through O",1,black)
note = font.render("Note: ",1,black)
line22 = font.render("2F and 2F' indicates the points that are 2× further from the lens than F",1,black)
line23 = font.render("and F' respectively.",1,black)
rect14 = line14.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect13.bottom + spacing))
rect15 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect14.bottom + spacing))
rect16 = line16.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect15.bottom))
rect17 = line17.get_rect(topleft = (spacing + 96,rect16.bottom))
rect18 = line19.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect17.bottom))
rect19 = line21.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect18.bottom))
rect20 = line22.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect19.bottom))
rect21 = line23.get_rect(topleft = (spacing + 72,rect20.bottom))
note_Rect = note.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect21.bottom + spacing))
rect22 = line19.get_rect(topleft = (note_Rect.right,rect21.bottom + spacing))
rect23 = line20.get_rect(topleft = (note_Rect.right,rect22.bottom))
screen.blit(line1,rect1)
screen.blit(line2,rect2)
screen.blit(line3,rect3)
screen.blit(line4,rect4)
screen.blit(line5,rect5)
screen.blit(line6,rect6)
screen.blit(line7,rect7)
screen.blit(line8,rect8)
screen.blit(line9,rect9)
screen.blit(line10,rect10)
screen.blit(line11,rect11)
screen.blit(line12,rect12)
screen.blit(line13,rect13)
screen.blit(line14,rect14)
screen.blit(line15,rect15)
screen.blit(line16,rect16)
screen.blit(line17,rect17)
screen.blit(line18,rect18)
screen.blit(line19,rect19)
screen.blit(line20,rect20)
screen.blit(line21,rect21)
screen.blit(note,note_Rect)
screen.blit(line22,rect22)
screen.blit(line23,rect23)
def refraction():
global font
refraction_Img = pygame.image.load("Refraction.png")
refraction_ImgRect = refraction_Img.get_rect(topright = (size[0] - spacing,home_Rect.bottom + spacing))
line1 = font.render(" Refraction is the bending of light when it",1,black)
line2 = font.render("passes from one medium (transparent",1,black)
line3 = font.render("material) to another. You can experience",1,black)
line4 = font.render("this phenomenon when you look through",1,black)
line5 = font.render("water. By looking down in a swimming pool,",1,black)
line6 = font.render("you can notice that the things you see are",1,black)
line7 = font.render("actually deeper than they appear. When",1,black)
line8 = font.render("light bounces of the object(s) in the water",1,black)
line9 = font.render("and reaches the surface, the angle at which",1,black)
line10 = font.render("it travels changes, and you see the light at",1,black)
line11 = font.render("the changed angle.",1,black)
rect1 = line1.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,home_Rect.bottom + spacing))
rect2 = line2.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect1.bottom))
rect3 = line3.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect2.bottom))
rect4 = line4.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect3.bottom))
rect5 = line5.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect4.bottom))
rect6 = line6.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect5.bottom))
rect7 = line7.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect6.bottom))
rect8 = line8.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect7.bottom))
rect9 = line9.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect8.bottom))
rect10 = line10.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect9.bottom))
rect11 = line11.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect10.bottom))
line12 = font.render(" Light travels at different speeds in",1,black)
line13 = font.render("different media. Depending on the 1st and",1,black)
line14 = font.render("2nd media, light will refract towards/away from the normal. The normal is the",1,black)
line15 = font.render("line drawn through the point that light refracts. It is perpendicular to the",1,black)
line16 = font.render("border between the two media. If light travels slower in the 1st medium, it will",1,black)
line17 = font.render("refract away from the normal (top). If light travels faster in the 1st medium, it",1,black)
line18 = font.render("will refract towards the normal (bottom).",1,black)
rect12 = line12.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect11.bottom + spacing))
rect13 = line13.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect12.bottom))
rect14 = line14.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect13.bottom))
rect15 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect14.bottom))
rect16 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect15.bottom))
rect17 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect16.bottom))
rect18 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect17.bottom))
line19 = font.render("A lens is designed to control refraction to our advantage. The curvature is",1,black)
line20 = font.render("created to make light converge/diverge during entry and exit of the lens. In the",1,black)
line21 = font.render("case of a magnifying glass' convex lens, light is directed towards the principal",1,black)
line22 = font.render("focus once when it enters the glass, and again when it exits the glass.",1,black)
rect19 = line14.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect18.bottom + spacing))
rect20 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect19.bottom))
rect21 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect20.bottom))
rect22 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect21.bottom))
convexrefraction = pygame.image.load("Convex Refraction.png")
convexrefraction_Rect = convexrefraction.get_rect(midtop = (size[0] / 2,rect22.bottom + spacing))
screen.blit(refraction_Img,refraction_ImgRect)
screen.blit(line1,rect1)
screen.blit(line2,rect2)
screen.blit(line3,rect3)
screen.blit(line4,rect4)
screen.blit(line5,rect5)
screen.blit(line6,rect6)
screen.blit(line7,rect7)
screen.blit(line8,rect8)
screen.blit(line9,rect9)
screen.blit(line10,rect10)
screen.blit(line11,rect11)
screen.blit(line12,rect12)
screen.blit(line13,rect13)
screen.blit(line14,rect14)
screen.blit(line15,rect15)
screen.blit(line16,rect16)
screen.blit(line17,rect17)
screen.blit(line18,rect18)
screen.blit(line19,rect19)
screen.blit(line20,rect20)
screen.blit(line21,rect21)
screen.blit(line22,rect22)
screen.blit(convexrefraction,convexrefraction_Rect)
def interact():
global font
line1 = font.render(" To determine the qualities of an image, a ray is drawn from the top of the",1,black)
line2 = font.render("object parallel to the principal axis (which refracts with respect to F) and",1,black)
line3 = font.render("another ray is drawn from the top of the image through the optical centre",1,black)
line4 = font.render("(which does not change direction). The top of the image is located where the",1,black)
line5 = font.render("two rays intersect. We can then determine the size, attitude, location, and",1,black)
line6 = font.render("type of the image produced.",1,black)
rect1 = line1.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,home_Rect.bottom + spacing))
rect2 = line2.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect1.bottom))
rect3 = line3.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect2.bottom))
rect4 = line4.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect3.bottom))
rect5 = line5.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect4.bottom))
rect6 = line6.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect5.bottom))
location_Line = pygame.Surface((size[0] - spacing - spacing,2))
location_Y = rect6.bottom + spacing
location_Length = (size[0] - spacing - spacing) / 6
location_Width = location_Length / 4
location_Radius = spacing / 2
location_Color = lightcyan
location_LineColor = black
LEFT = 1
beyond2F_Rect = pygame.Rect(spacing,location_Y,location_Length,location_Width)
2F_Rect = pygame.Rect(beyond2F_Rect.right,location_Y,location_Length,location_Width)
between2FF_Rect = pygame.Rect(2F_Rect.right,location_Y,location_Length,location_Width)
F_Rect = pygame.Rect(between2FF_Rect.right,location_Y,location_Length,location_Width)
betweenFO_Rect = pygame.Rect(F_Rect.right,location_Y,location_Length,location_Width)
beyond2F_Text = font.render("←",1,location_Color)
2F_Text = font.render("2F",1,location_LineColor)
between2FF_Text = font.render("↔",1,location_LineColor)
F_Text = font.render("F",1,location_LineColor)
betweenFO_Text = font.render("→",1,location_LineColor)
beyond2F_TextRect = beyond2F_Text.get_rect(center = beyond2F_Rect.center)
2F_TextRect = 2F_Text.get_rect(center = 2F_Rect.center)
between2FF_TextRect = between2FF_Text.get_rect(center = between2FF_Rect.center)
F_TextRect = F_Text.get_rect(center = F_Rect.center)
betweenFO_TextRect = betweenFO_Text.get_rect(center = betweenFO_Rect.center)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if event.button == LEFT:
mouse_Pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
if home_Rect.collidepoint(mouse_Pos):
page = 1
elif background_Rect.collidepoint(mouse_Pos):
page = 2
elif refraction_Rect.collidepoint(mouse_Pos):
page = 3
elif interact_Rect.collidepoint(mouse_Pos):
page = 4
line7 = font.render("----",1,black)
line8 = font.render("----",1,black)
line9 = font.render("----",1,black)
line10 = font.render("----",1,black)
line11 = font.render("----",1,black)
line12 = font.render("----",1,black)
line13 = font.render("----",1,black)
line14 = font.render("----",1,black)
line15 = font.render("----",1,black)
line16 = font.render("----",1,black)
line17 = font.render("----",1,black)
line18 = font.render("----",1,black)
rect7 = line7.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect6.bottom))
rect8 = line8.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect7.bottom))
rect9 = line9.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect8.bottom))
rect10 = line10.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect9.bottom))
rect11 = line11.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect10.bottom))
rect12 = line12.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect11.bottom + spacing))
rect13 = line13.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect12.bottom))
rect14 = line14.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect13.bottom))
rect15 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect14.bottom))
rect16 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect15.bottom))
rect17 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect16.bottom))
rect18 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect17.bottom))
line19 = font.render("----",1,black)
line20 = font.render("----",1,black)
line21 = font.render("----",1,black)
line22 = font.render("----",1,black)
rect19 = line14.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect18.bottom + spacing))
rect20 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect19.bottom))
rect21 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect20.bottom))
rect22 = line15.get_rect(topleft = (spacing,rect21.bottom))
screen.blit(line1,rect1)
screen.blit(line2,rect2)
screen.blit(line3,rect3)
screen.blit(line4,rect4)
screen.blit(line5,rect5)
screen.blit(line6,rect6)
screen.blit(location_Line,(spacing,rect6.bottom + spacing - 1))
screen.blit(line7,rect7)
screen.blit(line8,rect8)
screen.blit(line9,rect9)
screen.blit(line10,rect10)
screen.blit(line11,rect11)
screen.blit(line12,rect12)
screen.blit(line13,rect13)
screen.blit(line14,rect14)
screen.blit(line15,rect15)
screen.blit(line16,rect16)
screen.blit(line17,rect17)
screen.blit(line18,rect18)
screen.blit(line19,rect19)
screen.blit(line20,rect20)
screen.blit(line21,rect21)
screen.blit(line22,rect22)
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if event.button == LEFT:
mouse_Pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
if home_Rect.collidepoint(mouse_Pos):
page = 1
elif background_Rect.collidepoint(mouse_Pos):
page = 2
elif refraction_Rect.collidepoint(mouse_Pos):
page = 3
elif interact_Rect.collidepoint(mouse_Pos):
page = 4
if fadein_Alpha > 0:
fadein_Alpha -= 3
fadein.set_alpha(fadein_Alpha)
screen.fill(lightcyan)
fadein.fill(black)
screen.blit(title_Text,title_TextRect)
screen.blit(underline,(title_TextRect.left,title_TextRect.bottom))
if page == 1:
pygame.draw.rect(screen,cyan,home_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,background_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,refraction_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,interact_Rect)
home()
elif page == 2:
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,home_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,cyan,background_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,refraction_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,interact_Rect)
background()
elif page == 3:
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,home_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,background_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,cyan,refraction_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,interact_Rect)
refraction()
elif page == 4:
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,home_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,background_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_Color,refraction_Rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,cyan,interact_Rect)
interact()
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_LineColor,home_Rect,2)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_LineColor,background_Rect,2)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_LineColor,refraction_Rect,2)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,button_LineColor,interact_Rect,2)
screen.blit(home_Text,home_TextRect)
screen.blit(background_Text,background_TextRect)
screen.blit(refraction_Text,refraction_TextRect)
screen.blit(interact_Text,interact_TextRect)
screen.blit(fadein,(0,0))
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.wait(10)
main()
每当我跑步时，IDLE都会在2F_Rect = pygame.Rect(beyond2F_Rect.right,location_Y,location_Length,location_Width)行告诉我“语法无效”。显然，如果我将2F_Rect，2F_Text和2F_TextRect中的每个2F更改为“apple”或“b2F”（任何随机的），我将不会得到错误。有人可以向我解释为什么我会因为变量名称中有“2F”而得到语法错误吗？
我很抱歉我必须复制粘贴整个文件